The historical names of Guangzhou are Nanhai County (pre-Han Dynasty, Jin Dynasty and Sui Dynasty), Panyu, Guangzhou Dudufu (Tang Dynasty), Guangzhou (Song Dynasty), Guangzhou Road, guangzhou fu, Xing Wangfu and Guangzhou City.
Guangzhou was founded in 2 14 BC.
When the city was first built, its name was Ren Chengxiao.
Guangzhou was called "Nanyue" in Shang Dynasty and "Baiyue" and "Nanhai" in Zhou Dynasty.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Nanyue people in Guangzhou had contacts with the Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, belonging to the State of Chu and classified as the Southern Chu. According to government records and cultural relics, Chu Ting (also known as Chu Ting) was established in Guangzhou and belongs to Chu.
At present, there is a stone archway in Yuexiu Mountain in the Qing Dynasty, which reads "Ancient Chuting", so before the Qin Dynasty, Guangzhou was also called "Chuting".
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Lingnan generally referred to Guangdong, Guangxi and northern Vietnam. The people who lived here at that time were called South Vietnam.
In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), Ren Tao, the general of Qin Dynasty, led an army to attack Lingnan for the first time and lost.
Later, he and Zhao Tuo led the army into Lingnan. After years of fighting, the great cause of pacifying Lingnan was completed in the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), and the whole Lingnan was incorporated into the territory of Qin Dynasty.
After Qin Shihuang conquered Lingnan, he set up Nanhai, Xiang Jun and Guilin counties in Guangzhou, and established Panyu (now Guangzhou) and other counties.
Nanhai county includes most of Guangdong today, Panyu is governed by the county, and Ren Xiao is the first county governor. This is the first administrative division in Lingnan history and the earliest administrative system in Guangzhou history.
Nanhai County Governance and Panyu County Governance are now Yuexiu District of Guangzhou. Ren Xiao, the magistrate of Nanhai County, built the earliest Guangzhou City-Panyu (known as Ren Xiaocheng in history) on Fanshan and Yushan (near Cangbian Road of Zhongshan No.4 Road, and near Gufan Mountain and Yushan Mountain to the west of Cangbian Road in Guangzhou), which is the beginning of Guangzhou's administrative district and urban construction.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the administrative jurisdiction of Nanhai County reached Guanpingshi in the north, near Zhangpu in Fujian in the east and Zhanjiang in the west, covering an area of about 6.5438+0.4 million square kilometers.
Although Renxiao City is a small town four miles away, it is the earliest reliable record of Guangzhou's urban construction.
Because General Qin presided over the construction, it was a famous city.
The official name is Panyu City.
208 years ago, during the Central Plains War, Ren Tao suddenly became seriously ill. Negotiated with Zhao Tuo to avoid fighting in Lingnan, and appointed him as the agent of Nanhai County.
206 years ago, Ren Tao heard that the Qin Dynasty had perished, and his condition deteriorated. He died in the same year and was buried in Panyu.
There was chaos in the late Qin Dynasty, and after the reunification of Qin Ershi, there was chaos in the world.
Ren Xiao, who was dying, once called his friend Zhao Tuo to discuss and thought that Lingnan was vast in territory and abundant in resources, and could stand on its own feet for the people.
Zhao Tuo adopted Ren Tao's suggestion, blocked the traffic with the Central Plains, and paid tribute to its soldiers.
He was entrusted with the functions and powers of captain of Nanhai County.
In the first 204 years, Zhao Tuo, the prefect of Nanhai County, annexed Guilin County and Xiang Jun County. According to Lingnan (now Guangdong, most of Guangxi and northern Vietnam), Nanyue was established, with Panyu (now Guangzhou) as its capital. This is the first time to establish the capital for Lingnan.
The Nanyue State established by Zhao Tuo, with Panyu as its capital, is ten miles long, commonly known as "Yuecheng" or "Zhao Tuo City". Its location is Cao Fang Street in the east, Huaningli in the west, Xihu Road in the south and Yuehua Road in the north.
1 13 ago, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Lu Jia rebelled, made Zhao Jiande king of South Vietnam, and contacted Dongyue (now Fujian) to send troops against Han.
The following year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty mobilized 65,438+/kloc-0,000,000 troops to March into South Vietnam.
In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (former 106), it was changed to Jiaozhou, which ruled Guangxin (now civilized in Guangdong).
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lingnan was under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou, which was located in Guangxin.
In the 15th year of Jian 'an (2 10), Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty appointed Buzhi as the secretariat of Jiaozhou, which was slightly located in Lingnan.
When Busch came to Panyu under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County, he saw the vast sea and Yin Fu, Yuan Ye, and was greatly appreciated. He believes that its natural, economic and political conditions are suitable for the establishment of state administrative institutions.
So he reported to Sun Quan for approval and built the city wall.
In 2 17, Buzhi, the secretariat of Jiaozhou, moved the county back to Panyu and expanded the city, which was later called Buzhi City.
In 226, Sun Quan divided Jiaozhou into Jiaozhou and Guangzhou, hence the name "Guangzhou". In ancient times, Guangzhou was the ancient capital of South Vietnam, Ten Kingdoms, Southern Han Dynasty and Southern Ming Dynasty.
Guangzhou in the Jin Dynasty was also called Nanhai County, a place ruled by the state.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, when Qi Liang was cool in the west, Guangzhou was established to govern Panyu (now Guangzhou).
In the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou was called the viceroy of Guangzhou, which was the seat of the viceroy of Taoism and Lingnan Road. The administrative boundaries of Guangzhou Dudufu extend to Baoan and Zhongshan in the south, Qingyuan in the north and Sihui and Huaiji in the west, covering an area of about 42,000 square kilometers.
In 9 17, Liu Li established the Kingdom of Southern Han, with its capital in Wang Fu.
In the third year of Liang Dynasty (9 17), Qinghai and Jinghai armies founded Ada, with its capital in Guangzhou.
At the beginning, the title of Da Yue was dry. The following year, the country name was changed to Han, imitating the imperial capital Chang 'an, and two counties, Xianning and Changkang, were set up in Guangzhou, which was called Nanhan in history.
By the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou had formed a "ternary" pattern of Yacheng, Zicheng and Luocheng.
Nan Han also planned Guangzhou as Miyagi, Imperial City and Guo Cheng.
Song Dynasty is an important period in Guangzhou. 1068, Dongcheng was expanded in Zicheng, and five years later, Xicheng was expanded to protect the emerging western business circle and foreign settlements, forming a three-city pattern.
/kloc-in 0/380, Hou Zhuliang of Yongjia built Guangzhou City, merging the three cities of Song and Yuan Dynasties into one. Later, he further expanded the urban area, transformed the old city, expanded to the north and east, and built an outer city, making Guangzhou City form Yuexiu Road in the east, Yuexiu Mountain Road in the north, Renmin Road in the west, Yide Road and Wanfu Road in the south, with a circumference of 10.5 km.
In the Qing dynasty, the eastern and western wings of the city were built, extending southward to the Pearl River, forming the pattern of the old city of Guangzhou today.
Later, due to the expansion of the expressway, the Guangzhou city wall was demolished.
1680, Zhu, a young emperor of Nanming, established his capital in Guangzhou.
In the 22nd year of Qing Qianlong (1757), * * * implemented "one-stop trade", and Guangzhou became the only foreign trade port. When foreign businessmen come to China to do business, they should find a designated Hong Kong trader as a trade agent. The foreign trade shops opened by these designated hong merchants are the "Thirteen Banks".
1842, the Qing Dynasty was defeated in the Opium War and was forced to sign the Sino-British treaty of nanking, opening Guangzhou as a port.
1860 In August, the Sino-British Beijing Treaty was signed.
An important symbol of Guangdong Westernization Movement is the establishment of Guangzhou Wentong Museum.
The earliest westernization enterprise in Guangdong was Guangzhou Machinery Bureau.
19 1 1 year, Huanghuagang Uprising broke out in Guangzhou.
After the Wuchang Uprising, the Guangdong Army was formally proclaimed, and Sun Yat-sen launched the "National Protection Movement" in 19 17. 1 10, Sun Yat-sen established the army of the Republic of China.
Sun Yat-sen was elected as the Grand Marshal of the Navy and the Army, which was the first time that Sun Yat-sen established political power in Guangzhou.
19 18 Guangzhou municipal political department was established, and Guangzhou began to set up a city with the provincial capital.
192 1 In February, Guangdong Provincial Assembly passed the Provisional Regulations on Guangzhou, which was promulgated and implemented on February 15 of the same year. Guangzhou City Hall was formally established, Sun Ke was appointed as the first mayor of Guangzhou, and Guangzhou became the first "city" in China.
Guangzhou City Hall, established in 192 1, only refers to the city of Guangzhou.
1923, Sun Yat-sen joined forces with various forces to expel the Chen Jiongming Rebels, returned to Guangzhou again, rebuilt the Grand Marshal's Mansion, and established a revolutionary regime in Guangzhou for the third time.
1June 24, 925, * * * the central government decided to reorganize the Grand Marshal's Office. On June 24th, 1925, Guangzhou, a national of the Republic of China, was founded. In July, Guangzhou City Hall was changed to Guangzhou.
In 193 1, the party's * * *, Wang school, Guangxi department, etc. An interim meeting of the Central Supervision Commission was held in Guangzhou, and another * * * was set up in Guangzhou, following the practice of Sun Wen during the Protector War. The "National * * *" in Guangzhou was 19365438.
1938101October 2 1 day, the Japanese aggressor troops occupied Guangzhou, beginning a seven-year occupation period.
1945 September 16, Guangzhou declared recovery.
During the Republic of China, it was one of the eight special cities (Nanjing, Shanghai, Beiping, Tianjin, Qingdao, Hankou, Chongqing and Guangzhou). 1948 After the promulgation of the Constitution of the Republic of China, it was renamed as a municipality directly under the Central Government.
1949, after the liberation of Nanjing, Nanjing national * * * moved south to Guangzhou, and Li Zongren set its presidential office in South China Normal University.
1June 949+10/October 14 Guangzhou was liberated, and the special city was abolished after liberation.
This used to be a municipality directly under the central government.
1950 was changed to the leadership of the Central South Military and Political Committee, and 1954 was placed under the leadership of Guangdong Province, which is a provincial city.
1February, 983, Guangzhou implemented a separate plan.
1993 the State Council decided to cancel the separate planning of provincial capital cities.