With the ringing of the New Year bell in 200 1 year, people have stepped into 2 1 century with solid steps. Standing on the threshold of the turn of the century, looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, we are filled with emotion and thoughts. ...

In the 20th century, mankind has made brilliant achievements. From the establishment of quantum theory and relativity, the application of atomic energy, the discovery of DNA double helix structure, the rapid development of information technology and the drawing of human genome sketch, the world science and technology has undergone profound changes. Major breakthroughs have been made in information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, advanced manufacturing technology, marine technology and aerospace technology, which have greatly improved social productivity.

Robot technology, as one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century, has made great progress after 40 years of development since it came out in the early 1960s. After the birth-growth-maturity, industrial robots have become an indispensable core equipment in manufacturing industry. There are about 750,000 industrial robots in the world fighting side by side with workers and friends on various fronts. As a rising star of the robot family, special robots have great potential to catch up with and surpass because of their wide applications. Humanoid robots, agricultural robots, service robots, underwater robots, medical robots, military robots, entertainment robots and other special robots have appeared one after another, and they are moving towards practicality at a rapid speed.

People often ask why robots should be developed. We say that the emergence and rapid development of robots is the necessity of social and economic development, in order to improve the production level of society and the quality of life of human beings, and let robots do jobs that those people can't do and can't do well. In real life, some jobs will do harm to human body, such as painting and carrying heavy objects. Some jobs require high quality and it is difficult for people to be competent for a long time, such as automobile welding and precision assembly. Some staff can't be here, such as volcano exploration, deep sea exploration, space exploration, etc. Some jobs are not suitable for people to do, such as some harsh environment, some boring and repetitive work, etc. These are all places where robots can show their talents. Service robots can also treat diseases, care for health and be clean and safe for you. Underwater robots can help salvage sunken ships and lay cables; Engineering robots can dig pits and build roads up the mountain; Agricultural robots can cultivate, sow, fertilize and kill insects; Military robots can take the lead, mines and bombs. ...

There is a lot of confusion about robots in society now. Some people think that robots can do anything. These friends know robots from movies, TV plays and novels. In their eyes, robots are omnipotent machines. When they see real robots, they will think that robots are too ordinary to be called robots. Some people think that robots are people and must shape the image of adults. If they are not like people, how can they be called robots? However, most robots in reality are not like people, which makes many robot lovers disappointed. Others think that when robots are employed, workers will be laid off, and they regard robots as competitors invisibly. They didn't expect that robots can do many beneficial things for human beings, promote the development of industries and create more employment opportunities for human beings.

Definition of robot

In the scientific and technological circles, scientists will give a clear definition of every scientific and technological term, but it has been several decades since robots came out, and there are still different opinions on the definition of robots, and there is no unified opinion. One of the reasons is that robots are still developing, and new models and functions are constantly appearing. The fundamental reason is that robot involves the concept of human and becomes a philosophical question that is difficult to answer. Just as the word robot was originally born in science fiction, people are full of illusions about robots. Perhaps it is precisely because of the vague definition of robot that people are given full imagination and creative space.

Robot command

It's not that people don't want to give a complete definition to robots. Since the birth of robots, people have been trying to explain what robots are. However, with the rapid development of robotics and the arrival of the information age, the content covered by robots is getting richer and richer, and the definition of robots is also constantly enriched and innovated.

1886, the French writer Lill Adam named this humanoid machine "Android" in his novel Future Eve, which consists of four parts:

1, life system (balance, walking, vocalization, body swing, feeling, expression, regulating movement, etc. );

2. Modeling scheme (metal cover with freely movable joints, a kind of armor);

3, artificial muscles (the above armor has various forms of the body, veins, sex and so on);

4, artificial skin (including skin color, mechanism, contour, hair, vision, teeth, claws, etc. ).

1920, Czech writer Karel Capec published the sci-fi script "Universal Robot of Rosam". In the script, Capec wrote the Czech word "Robota" as "Robota", which means slave. The drama predicted the tragic impact of the development of robots on human society, which attracted widespread attention and was regarded as the origin of the word robot. In the play, the robot works silently according to the master's orders, without feelings and affection, doing heavy work flatly. Later, Rosam succeeded, which made robots have feelings, leading to a rapid increase in the application departments of robots. Robots have become an indispensable part of factories and housework. The robot found that human beings were very selfish and unfair and finally rebelled. Robots are excellent in physical quality and intelligence, thus destroying human beings.

But the robot didn't know how to make itself, thinking that it was going to be extinct soon, so it began to look for human survivors, but there was no result. Finally, a pair of male and female robots with superior perception fell in love. At this time, robots evolved into humans and the world came back to life.

Capec puts forward the problems of safety, perception and self-reproduction of robots. The progress of science and technology is likely to cause problems that human beings do not want to appear. Although the science fiction world is just an imagination, human society is likely to face this reality.

In order to prevent robots from harming human beings, science fiction writer Asimov put forward the "Three Principles of Robots" in 1940:

1, robots should not harm humans;

2. Robots should obey human orders, except those that violate Article 1;

Robots should be able to protect themselves, except those that conflict with the first one.

This is an ethical program for robots. Robotics academic circles have always regarded these three principles as the guiding principles for the development of robots.

Two representative definitions were put forward at the first academic conference on robotics held in Japan from 65438 to 0967. First of all, Sen Zheng Hong and Zhou Ping of Hotan put forward that "the robot is a flexible machine with seven characteristics, such as mobility, individuality, intelligence, universality, semi-mechanical, semi-human, automation and slavery". Starting from this definition, Sen Zheng Hong put forward 10 features to represent the image of robots, such as automaticity, intelligence, individuality, semi-mechanization, semi-humanization, operability, universality, information, flexibility, finiteness and mobility. The other is proposed by Ichiro Kato. A machine with the following three conditions is called a robot:

1, an individual with brains, hands and feet;

2. There are non-contact sensors (eyes and ears receive remote information) and contact sensors;

3. Sensors with sense of balance and inherent sense.

Etiquette robot

This definition emphasizes that robots should be humanoid, that is, they work with their hands, move with their feet, and their brains complete unified command. Non-contact sensors and contact sensors are equivalent to human's five senses, which enable the robot to identify the external environment, while the sense of balance and inherent sense are indispensable sensors for the robot to perceive its own state. What is described here is not an industrial robot, but an autonomous robot.

The definition of robot is varied, because it has certain fuzziness. Animals generally have these elements, so when we understand robots as humanoid machines, we can also broadly understand robots as animal-like machines.

In 1988, Espiau defines robot as: "Robotics refers to designing an operating system that can be planned in advance according to sensor information, and taking the use of this system as the research object".

1987 international organization for standardization defines industrial robot as: "industrial robot is a programmable manipulator with automatic control operation and motion function, which can complete various operations."

Scientists in China define a robot as: "The robot is an automated machine, but the difference is that it has some intelligent abilities similar to those of humans or creatures, such as perception, planning, action and coordination, and it is a highly flexible automated machine". In the process of researching and developing robots working in unknown and uncertain environments, people gradually realize that the essence of robot technology is the combination of perception, decision-making, action and interaction technology. With the deepening of people's understanding of the intelligent nature of robot technology, robot technology has begun to penetrate into all fields of human activities. Combined with the application characteristics of these fields, people have developed various special robots and intelligent machines with the ability of perception, decision-making, action and interaction, such as mobile robots, micro-robots, underwater robots, medical robots, military robots, air space robots, entertainment robots and so on. Adaptability to different tasks and special environments is also an important difference between robots and general automation equipment. These robots have been far away from the original humanoid robots and industrial robots in appearance, which are more in line with the special requirements of various application fields, and their functions and intelligence are greatly enhanced, opening up a broader development space for robotics.

Song Jian, president of China Academy of Engineering, pointed out: "The progress and application of robot technology is the most convincing achievement of automatic control in the 20th century, and it is the automation in the highest sense in the contemporary era". Robot technology integrates the development achievements of many disciplines and represents the frontier of high-tech development. Its continuous expansion in the application field of human life is causing a new understanding of the role and influence of robots around the world.

Classification of robots

There is no uniform international standard on how to classify robots. Robots are classified according to load weight, control mode, degree of freedom, structure and application field. General classification methods are shown in table:

Classification name

brief description

Operating robot

Automatic control, repeatable programming, multi-function, several degrees of freedom, fixed or mobile, used in related automation systems.

programmable robot

According to the pre-required sequence and conditions, the mechanical actions of the robot are controlled in turn.

Teaching and copying robots

Through guidance or other means, the robot is taught to act first, and the working program is input, and the robot automatically repeats the operation.

Numerical control robot

There is no need to let the robot move. The robot is taught by numerical value and language, and the robot works according to the taught information.

Sensory control robot

The information obtained by the sensor is used to control the action of the robot.

Adaptive control robot

Robots can adapt to changes in the environment and control their own actions.

Learning control robot

Robots can "experience" work experience and have certain learning functions, and apply the "learned" experience to work.

intelligent robot

A robot whose actions are decided by artificial intelligence.

According to the application environment, China robotics experts divide robots into two categories, namely industrial robots and special robots. The so-called industrial robot is a multi-joint manipulator or multi-degree-of-freedom robot facing the industrial field. Special robots are all kinds of advanced robots except industrial robots, which are used in non-manufacturing industries and serve human beings, including service robots, underwater robots, entertainment robots, military robots, agricultural robots, robot machines and so on. Among special robots, some branches develop rapidly and tend to be independent systems, such as service robots, underwater robots, military robots and micro-manipulation robots. At present, international robotics scholars divide robots into two categories from the application environment: industrial robots in manufacturing environment and service environment and humanoid robots in non-manufacturing environment, which is consistent with the classification in China.

Ancient robot

The emergence of the word robot and the world's first industrial robot are both things in recent decades. However, people's fantasy and pursuit of robots has a history of more than 3000 years. Man hopes to make a machine like man to do all kinds of work instead of man.

Machine bracket

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yan, a skilled craftsman in China, developed a performer who could sing and dance, which was the earliest recorded robot in China.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Luban, a famous carpenter in China, was also a mechanical inventor. The Mohist book says that he once made a wooden bird, which could fly in the air for "three days", reflecting the wisdom of our working people.

In the 2nd century BC, the ancient Greeks invented the most primitive robot-automatic robot in Alexandria. This is a moving statue driven by water, air and steam pressure. It can open the door by itself and sing with the help of steam.

1800 years ago in the Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng, a great scientist, not only invented the seismograph, but also invented the drum car in Miri. In the plan, the drum car is one mile per line, and the car Woodenhead drums, and the clock strikes ten miles per line.

During the post-Han Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, successfully created the "wooden ox and flowing horse" and used it to transport rations to support the war ahead.

1662, takeda kone invented the automatic robot doll by using the clock technology, and performed it in Dotonbori, Osaka.

1738, a talented French technician, Jack Day Waxon, invented a robot duck, which quacks, swims, drinks, eats and excretes. Watson's original intention was to mechanize the function of living things and carry out medical analysis.

Writing robot

Among the automatic dolls at that time, the most outstanding ones were Swiss watchmaker Jack dolores and his son Leigh Louis dolores. From 65438 to 0773, they successively introduced automatic writing dolls and automatic playing dolls. The automatic dolls they created were made by using the principle of gears and clockwork. Some of them draw with brushes and colors, while others write with goose feathers dipped in ink. They are exquisite in structure and gorgeous in clothing, which are popular in Europe. Due to the limitation of technical conditions at that time, these dolls were actually giant toys with a height of one meter. The earliest preserved robot is the girl doll in the Swiss Nu Shatir History Museum. It was made 200 years ago. Ten fingers of two hands can press the keys of the organ to play music, and now it is played regularly for tourists to enjoy, showing the wisdom of the ancients.

/kloc-In the mid-9th century, automatic dolls were divided into two schools: science fiction school and mechanical production school, each of which found its own position in literature, art and modern science and technology. 183 1 year, Goethe published Faust, and created the artificial man "Helmon Cruz"; 1870, Hoffman published gabriela, a work featuring automatic dolls; Collodi's Pinocchio 1883; Eve in the Future was published in 1886. In the manufacture of mechanical objects, in 1893, Moore created the "Steam Man", who moved his legs in circles by steam.

Since the 20th century, more and more people have paid attention to and supported the research and development of robots, and some applicable robots have come out one after another. 1927, Winzley, an engineer from Westinghouse, made the first robot "telegraph box" and exhibited it at the World Expo in new york. It is an electric robot with a radio transmitter. It can answer some questions, but the robot can't walk. 1959 the first industrial robot (programmable, circular coordinates) was born in the United States, which opened a new era of robot development.

modern robots

The research of modern robots began in the mid-20th century, and its technical background is the development of computers and automation, as well as the development and utilization of atomic energy.

Robot automobile welding production line

Since the first digital electronic computer came out in 1946, the computer has made amazing progress and developed towards high speed, large capacity and low price.

The urgent need of mass production has promoted the progress of automation technology, and one of the achievements is the birth of 1952 CNC machine tool. The research on control and mechanical parts related to CNC machine tools laid the foundation for the development of robots.

On the other hand, the harsh environment of the atomic energy laboratory needs some operating machinery to deal with radioactive substances instead of people. Under this demand background, the argon research institute of the American Atomic Energy Commission developed a remote manipulator in 1947 and a mechanical master-slave manipulator in 1948.

Riveting robot

1954, American Deval first put forward the concept of industrial robot and applied for a patent. The main point of this patent is to control the joints of the robot with the help of servo technology, and teach the robot with hands, so that the robot can record and reproduce actions. This is the so-called teaching and reproducing robot. Almost all existing robots adopt this control method.

The earliest practical models (teaching reappearance) as robot products are "VERSTRAN" introduced by AMF Company of the United States in 1962 and "Unite" introduced by UNIMATION Company of the United States. The control mode of these industrial robots is similar to that of CNC machine tools, but their appearance characteristics are quite different, mainly composed of humanoid hands and arms.

1965, Roborts of MIT demonstrated the first robot system with visual sensor, which can identify and locate simple building blocks.

Robot dog: airborne

1967, Japan established the prosthetic hand research society (now renamed the bionic machinery research society), and in the same year, the first robot society in Japan was held.

1970 the first international conference on industrial robots was held in the United States. After 1970, the research on robots has been rapidly and widely popularized.

1973, Richard Horn of Milla Clone Company in Cincinnati made the first industrial robot controlled by a small computer. It is hydraulically driven and can lift up to 45 kilograms of payload.

It was not until 1980 that industrial robots really became popular in Japan, so it was called "the first year of robots".

Subsequently, industrial robots have been greatly developed in Japan, and Japan has won the reputation of "robot kingdom".

Autonomous submersible

With the rapid development of computer technology and artificial intelligence technology, the function and technology of robots have been greatly improved, and the vision and tactile technology of mobile robots and robots are typical representatives. Due to the development of these technologies, the concept of robot has been expanded. In 1980s, the system with the ability of feeling, thinking, decision-making and action was called intelligent robot, which is a general and extensive concept. This concept not only guides the research and application of robotics, but also gives robotics a huge space for development in depth and breadth. Underwater robots, space robots, aerial robots, ground robots, micro-robots and other robots with various purposes have come out one after another, and many dreams have been realized. Robot technology (such as sensing technology, intelligent technology, control technology, etc. ) has been diffused and infiltrated into various fields, forming a variety of new machines-robot machines. At present, the interaction and integration with information technology have produced the names of "software robot" and "network robot", which also shows the innovative vitality of robots.

Robot's hand

Robots should imitate some behavioral characteristics of animals and naturally have some functions of animal brains. The brain of a robot is the familiar computer. But it is not enough to have a computer to give orders. The most basic thing is to install various sensory organs on the robot. Here we focus on the robot's "hands" and "feet".

A robot must have "hands" and "feet" so that it can act according to the "commands" issued by the computer. "Hands" and "feet" are not only mechanisms for executing commands, but also have the function of recognition, which is what we usually call "touch". Because the auditory and visual organs of animals and people can't feel all the natural information, the tactile organs can exist and develop. Animals' sense of softness, hardness, cold and heat of objects depends on tactile organs. When you can't see things clearly in the dark, you often have to touch them with your hands to find them. The brain needs to control the hands and feet to complete the specified tasks, and also needs to feed back the information obtained by the tactile sensation of the hands and feet to the brain to adjust the movements to make them appropriate. Therefore, we should equip the robot with a pair of dexterous "hands" that can "touch" and have recognition ability.

A robot's hand usually consists of a square palm and segmented fingers. In order to make it tactile, touch-sensitive elements (such as sensitive spring dynamometer) with elastic contacts are installed on the palm and fingers. If you want to sense the cold and warm, you can also install a thermal sensor. When touching an object, the touch-sensitive element sends out a contact signal, otherwise it does not send out a signal. A precise potentiometer (an element that outputs a current signal by rotating to change the circuit resistance) is installed on the connecting shaft of each knuckle, which can convert the bending angle of the finger into "shape bending information". The shape bending information and "contact information" generated by each joint are sent to the electronic computer, and the shape and size of the object grasped by the manipulator can be quickly judged through calculation.

Now, the robot's hand has dexterous fingers, wrists, elbows and scapular joints, which can flex and swing freely, and the wrist can also rotate and bend. Through the sensor on the finger, you can also feel the weight of what you catch, which can be said to be many functions of the human hand.

In practical application, many times, such a complicated multi-section artificial finger is not needed, only a pincer finger that can touch and move objects from all angles is needed. 1966, the U.S navy used the robot "Kevo" equipped with pincer-like artificial fingers to salvage a hydrogen bomb from the bottom of the sea at a depth of 750 meters, which crashed into the offshore of Spain due to a plane crash. 1967, the American spacecraft Explorer III sent a remote-controlled robot to the moon. Under the control of earthlings, it can dig out a soil sample with a depth of 40 cm in the range of about two square meters on the surface of the moon and place it in a designated position. It can also make a preliminary analysis of the sample, such as determining the hardness and weight of the soil. It pioneered the Apollo manned spacecraft landing on the moon.

Robot's eyes

People's eyes are the window of feeling, and more than 80% of people's information is obtained through vision. Whether we can make "artificial eyes" and make machines read and see things like people is an important subject of intelligent automation. The theory, method and technology of machine recognition are called pattern recognition. The so-called pattern refers to the discriminated event or process, which can be a physical entity, such as words and pictures, or an abstract virtual body, such as climate. Machine recognition system is similar to human visual system, which consists of information acquisition, information processing and feature extraction, decision classification and so on.

Machine culture

As we all know, the letters put into the mailbox must be sorted by the post office staff before they can be sent to all places. One person can only sort 2-3 thousand letters a day. Now sorting by machine can improve the efficiency by more than ten times. The principle of machine literacy is similar to that of human literacy. Firstly, the input postal code is analyzed and features are extracted. If you enter 6 characters, it is characterized by a circle at the bottom and a straight line or curve at the upper left corner. The second is comparison, that is, these features are compared with the features of the ten symbols from 0 to 9 originally specified in the machine, and which number has the most similar features is which number. This type of recognition is essentially called classification, and in pattern recognition theory, this method is called statistical recognition.

The research results of robot literacy can be used not only in postal system, but also in direct input of handwritten programs, government office automation, bank summary, statistics, automatic typesetting and so on.

Machine map recognition

The existing machine tool processing parts is completely completed by the operator looking at the drawings. Can robots recognize drawings? This is the problem of machine reading. In addition to the above statistical methods, there are also linguistic methods, which are based on the relationship between vision and language in the process of human cognition. The image is decomposed into some basic elements, such as straight lines, oblique lines, broken lines, points, arcs and so on. , and studied how they form the law of the image, that is, from the structure to check whether the image to be recognized belongs to what kind of "sentence pattern" and whether it conforms to the predetermined syntax. According to this principle, we can identify whether the grammar is correct or not.

Machine reading has a wide range of applications, involving a large number of image processing and recognition problems in modern industry, agriculture, national defense, scientific experiments and medical care.

Machine recognition object

Machine recognition of objects is a three-dimensional recognition system. Usually, TV cameras are used as information input systems. According to the principle that people mainly rely on light and shade information, color information and distance information. The machine identification system also inputs these three kinds of information, but the methods are different. Due to the different shooting directions of TV cameras, various figures can be obtained, such as extracting the same features of a cube, such as the number of sides, vertices and parallel lines, and referring to the object feature table stored in the computer in advance, the cube can be identified.

At present, machines can identify objects with simple shapes. Some progress has also been made in the recognition of complex objects such as curved objects and electronic components, and the recognition of outdoor scenery. Object recognition is mainly used for industrial product appearance inspection, workpiece sorting and assembly.

Robot's nose

People can smell the smell of substances and distinguish the chemical composition of the surrounding substances by relying on the sticky part of the nasal passages. In this area of the human nose, there are 5 million olfactory cells in an area of only 5 square centimeters. Olfactory cells are stimulated by substances, which produce nerve impulses and transmit them to the brain, thus producing sense of smell. The human nose is actually a very accurate gas analyzer. The human nose is very sensitive. Even if one-fifth of ethanethiol (a special chemical with unusual smell) is put into a liter of water, it can be smelled by human nose.

The nose of the robot is also made by an automatic gas analyzer. Our country has successfully developed an olfactory sensor, which can not only sniff out more than 40 kinds of gases such as acetone and chloroform, but also sniff out carbon monoxide that people can't smell but can kill people (that is, the gas we usually use). This olfactory sensor has a probe made of tin dioxide, palladium chloride, etc. (equivalent to a nose patch). When it meets a certain gas, its resistance changes, which can be displayed by electronic circuit and given an alarm by light or sound. At the same time, through this olfactory sensor, we can also find out the location of gas leakage in buried pipelines.

At present, there are many kinds of automatic gas analyzers made by various principles, which are widely used in toxic gas detection, gas composition analysis in spacecraft cabin, environmental monitoring and so on.

The principle and display of these gas analyzers are related to electrical phenomena, so people call them electronic noses. By combining the electronic nose with the electronic computer, the olfactory system of the robot can be made.

Robot's ear

The human ear is the sensory organ next to the eyes. Sound waves impact the eardrum, causing the impulse of auditory nerve to spread to the auditory area of the brain, thus causing people's hearing. Robots' ears are usually made of "microphones" or tape recorders. The ear of a remote-controlled robot sent into space is itself a radio receiver.

The human ear is very sensitive. The weakest sound we can hear, its pressure on the eardrum is only tens of billions of kilograms per square centimeter. This pressure is only a few tenths of atmospheric pressure. However, the "ears" made of a piezoelectric material called barium titanate are more sensitive than human ears, and even the sound waves reflected by tiny things like matchsticks can be clearly heard by it. If such ears are used to monitor the grain depot, the sound of a bug crawling in two or three kilograms of grain can also be accurately "heard".

The reason why the "ears" made of piezoelectric materials can hear sound is because piezoelectric materials can generate voltage when they are pulled or pressed, thus changing the circuit. This characteristic is called piezoelectric effect. When it is continuously stretched or compressed under the action of sound waves, it produces a current that varies with the sound signal. This current is amplified by an amplifier and sent to an electronic computer (equivalent to the listening area of the human brain) for processing, so that the robot can hear the sound.

But being able to hear sounds is only the first step, and more importantly, being able to recognize different sounds. At present, people have successfully developed a device that can recognize continuous speech, and can recognize the voice of non-specific people with 99% accuracy. This technology makes electronic computers begin to "obey". This will greatly reduce the special requirements for computer operators. The operator can directly send instructions to the electronic computer with his mouth, which changes the situation that people are busy with their hands and eyes while their mouths and ears are idle when operating the machine. A person can control the machines in all directions at the same time with sound, and can also give instructions to the machines upstairs and downstairs at the same time, and without lighting, which is very suitable for working at night or underground. This technology has also greatly accelerated the process of automatic telephone answering, booking and information search.

Now people are still studying how to make robots recognize people's psychological state through sound. People hope that future robots can not only understand what people say, but also understand people's emotions such as joy, anger, surprise, hesitation and ambiguity. All these will bring huge development space for the application of robots.

Without robots, people will become machines.

With the development of society, the social division of labor is becoming more and more detailed, especially in modern mass production. Some people just screw a nut in the same place every day, while others just connect a thread all day. As shown in the movie Modern Times, people feel alienated constantly, and various occupational diseases begin to appear. So people strongly hope to replace their jobs with some kind of machine. So people developed robots to do those boring, monotonous and dangerous jobs instead of people. Due to the appearance of robots, some workers lost their original jobs, so some people became hostile to robots. "When robots are hired, people will be fired." Not only in China, but also in some developed countries such as the United States, some people hold this idea. In fact, this kind of worry is unnecessary. Any advanced machinery and equipment will improve labor productivity and product quality, create more social wealth, and will inevitably provide more employment opportunities, which is proved by the history of human production development. The emergence of any new thing has advantages and disadvantages, but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages, which is quickly recognized by people. For example, the appearance of cars not only robbed some rickshaw pullers and porters, but also led to frequent car accidents, posing a threat to human life and property. Although people have seen these shortcomings of the car, it is still