[America] Fei Weikai (Feuerwerker Albert), Early Industrialization in China: Sheng Xuanhuai (1844- 19 16) and government-regulated commercial enterprises (1958), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2002.

[America] Mary Clabaugh Wright's Tongzhi Zhongxing: The Last Resistance of Conservatism in China (1862- 1874), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2002.

[America] Frederick wakeman (small) The Stranger at the Door: Social Turbulence in South China in the Age of1839-1861(1966), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2002.

[America] K.E Folson's Friends, Guests and Colleagues: Shogunate System in Late Qing Dynasty (1968), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2002.

[America] Shi Jianya () The Market and Social Structure in Rural China, translated by Shi, China Social Sciences Press, 1998.

[America] Kong Feili (Philip A. Kuhn) Rebellion and Its Enemies in the Late Period of * * *-1796-1864 Militarization and Social Structure (1970), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2002.

[America] Chen Jinjiang's The Relationship between Modern Enterprises and Officials and Businessmen in the Late Qing Dynasty (1977), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1997.

[America] Smith (R.J. Smith) wrote19th Century China: Foreign Mercenaries and Officials of the Qing Empire (1978), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2003.

[Japan] Takeshi Hamashita's International Opportunities in Modern China: Tribute Trade System and Modern Asian Economic Circle (1990), Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1999.

[English] Yang, British Policy towards China, Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.