Basic introduction Chinese name: Natural History Museum (Natural History Museum)? Category: fine collection of natural history museum: specimens with historical significance in astronomy, geology, plants, animals, paleontology and human beings. Alias: Natural History Museum's main tasks: collecting and preserving specimens, etc. Date of appearance:1early 7th century Location: A brief history of European museums, domestic materials and three major tasks, which are world-famous. The rudiment of the brief history of modern natural history museums can be traced back to Europe in 17. At first, some private collectors or palace collections were for the appreciation of a few people, and then gradually opened to the public, becoming places for propaganda, education and popularization of scientific and cultural knowledge, and gradually developing into modern museums. The Ashmoline Museum in Oxford, England, which was built in 1683, is probably the earliest museum in modern times. 17 16 Russia built a mineralogy museum in St. Petersburg. 1753, the British Museum of Nature was established in London. 1794, the French National Museum of Nature was established in Paris. Later, the American Museum of Natural History in new york, the Royal Belgian Museum of Natural History in Brussels, the Swedish National Museum of Natural History in Stockholm and the Japanese National Museum of Science in Tokyo were all established earlier in the world. Since the 1950s, it has developed rapidly. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 30,000 natural museums in China. The earliest natural museum in China is the Natural History Museum (formerly known as Xujiahui Museum) founded by French Catholic missionaries in 1868. Its collection is mainly animal specimens. Nantong Museum (Ministry of Nature), founded by Zhang Jianyu, a member of Shanghai Ziqiang Society 1905, is the first natural museum built by China people in China. Before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, there were more than 200 museums in China, of which about 30 were natural museums. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the cause of museums has developed rapidly. By 1986, there are nearly 900 museums in China, including more than 400 natural museums. Many big cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, have large-scale "natural museums" or set up "natural departments" in museums. In addition, some professional natural science museums have been established, such as the "Dinosaur Museum" in Zigong, Sichuan and the museums of geology and minerals in various provinces. The three major tasks of a natural museum are collecting and preserving specimens, conducting scientific research and conducting publicity and education, which are the three basic tasks of a modern natural museum. These three complement each other and cannot be neglected. It is necessary to continuously collect specimens and enrich the collection to meet the needs of scientific research and publicity and education. Famous museums such as the British Museum and the American Museum of Natural History have rich collections, but they often organize large-scale natural resource surveys and specimen collection activities. Some museums encourage and attract visitors (especially young students) to participate in specimen collection and model making. Museums must have a certain number of researchers engaged in related research work. Some famous museums often gather many famous scholars from contemporary countries, making these natural museums become research centers of many branches of biology and earth sciences and important bases for cultivating specialized talents. In terms of display, only collections with labels or instructions were displayed sporadically in the early days; In the future, the exhibition content should be systematic, and there should be various special exhibitions (such as "the origin of life", "the origin of mankind", "the wonders of the ocean" and "the dinosaur world"). The exhibition mode also makes full use of the achievements of modern technology (such as sound, image, light, electricity and other equipment) to make the exhibition content vivid and attractive to the audience. In addition to the relatively fixed basic display, the Natural History Museum often holds temporary special exhibitions to disseminate the latest scientific information. Some museums often organize relevant experts to give meaningful lectures, demonstrations, consultations and other educational activities to audiences of different ages, educational levels and hobbies. In addition, many museums organize roving exhibitions and set up institutions to popularize scientific knowledge to the disabled. In recent years, many emerging disciplines of biology and geoscience have developed rapidly, and the basic research work such as classical systematic classification and flora investigation has gradually moved from universities to natural museums. The museum has become the classroom and laboratory outside the school. Many universities, middle schools and primary schools have classes in museums, making full use of museum conditions to improve teaching quality; At the same time, the museum is an ideal place for teachers to study. Museums are playing an increasingly important role in education. World Famous Natural Museums The most important famous natural museum in the world is the British Museum of Natural History, which was established in 1753. National Museum of Natural History, built in 1794, formerly known as the Royal Garden built in 1635; American Museum of Natural History in new york, etc. In addition, there are the Royal Museum of Natural History in Belgium and the Natural Biodiversity Center in Leiden. The Natur-Mureum Senckenburg in Frankfurt, the Natur History Museum in Vienna, the Natur History Museum in Basel, the National Museum of Natural History in Stockholm (na-turhistoriskarik * * usect) and the Museum of Comprehensive Technology in Moscow (поппп The National Museum of Canada in Ottawa, the National Museum of America in Washington and the Museum of Natural History in Chicago. Museums focus on research, and their educational work also includes special education and social education. Museums in new york and Chicago, for example, offer specialized education for university courses in addition to social education. In addition to the comprehensive museums mentioned above, there are also some professional museums, such as the geological museum in London, the Museum of Anthropology in Paris and the Museum of Archaeology in Monaco. In addition, there are museums attached to universities, which focus on specialized education and often conduct some vivid research, such as the museums of universities such as Cambridge, Sorbonne, Tebingen, Zurich, Uppsala, Harvard and Yale, and their collections are also quite good. Japan also has a national science museum in Ueno, Tokyo.