The first wave began in the late 1970s and early 1980s, focusing on the teaching of computer science, that is, to enable students to learn and master the basic knowledge and skills of information technology. The iconic slogan is "Programming is the second culture".
Development context: the starting grade is from high school, junior high school to primary school; Course forms range from elective courses to compulsory courses; The content of the course was mainly programming at first, and then gradually increased the operation and use of application software; The name of the course has also been changed from computer course to "information technology course" with wider connotation and more international standards.
The second wave began in the mid-to-late 1980s, focusing on computer-aided teaching and computer-aided management, mainly developing teaching software, courseware and education management software, and combining computers with education and teaching by using computers as tools. The iconic slogan is "The combination of computer and basic education is the development trend of international education reform".
Development thread: the types of educational software are developing from "courseware" to "component" and "integrable ware", and the teaching platform with open resources, tools and platforms has become the development direction; computer
Auxiliary teaching has developed from showing knowledge and taking teachers as the center to "course integration" with students as the center and highlighting students' subjectivity, that is, integrating information technology into the courses and teaching of various disciplines; Teachers develop their own courseware to teach.
Teachers integrate and utilize various information technology education and teaching resources; Constructivism teaching mode has become the theoretical basis of curriculum integration.
The purpose of curriculum integration is to organically combine information technology with subject teaching, integrate information technology with subject teaching and learning, and use technology as a tool to improve the efficiency and effect of teaching and learning and change the traditional teaching mode.
The third wave began in the mid-to-late 1990s, focusing on online education, with the iconic slogan of "building networks, libraries and teams".
Development environment: building multimedia electronic classrooms; Building a campus network; Combining Skynet with ground network, implementing school-to-school communication project; Provide online courses for students; Establish an online education resource library; Study the teaching mode based on network; Explore research-based learning based on network; Try the distance teaching mode; At present, it is still in the stage of active exploration and experiment, and its development momentum is very strong.
The highlight of online education is the "school-to-school communication" project determined by the Ministry of Education. Its goal is to make about 90% independent primary and secondary schools in China have access to the Internet within 5- 10 years, so that teachers and students in primary and secondary schools can enjoy online educational resources and improve the quality of primary and secondary education and teaching.
After nearly 20 years of three waves and three stages of development, information technology education, information technology curriculum, curriculum integration and network education in primary and secondary schools in China go hand in hand, and have the trend of mutual penetration and integration, and are facing unprecedented rapid development.
What are the problems in the development of information technology education in primary and secondary schools in China? What are the problems in the development of information technology education in primary and secondary schools in China? I've done it before, man.
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What stages did the computer development go through? What are the characteristics of each era? Four stages of development
The first development stage: 1946- 1956 electron tube computer era. 1946 The first electronic computer appeared in the University of Pennsylvania, which was designed by von Neumann. Covering area170m2, 150KW. The operation speed is slow, not as fast as others. This is a milestone in the history of computer development. The full name of (ENIAC) (Electronic Numerical Integration and Calculator) is "Electronic Numerical Integration and Computer".
Features: large size, high power consumption and slow speed.
The second development stage: 1956- 1964 transistor computer age: operating system.
Features: transistors are used as logic switching elements; ? The magnetic core is used as the main memory (internal memory), and the auxiliary memory (external memory) uses disks and tapes; The storage capacity is increased and the reliability is improved; The input and output patterns have been greatly improved; Start using the operating system, using various high-level languages.
The third development stage: 1964- 1970 integrated circuits and the computer age of large-scale integrated circuits (1964-1965) (1965-1970).
Features: The computer becomes smaller, consumes less power and is faster. Using the operating system, the computer can execute many different programs at the same time under the control and coordination of the central program.
The fourth development stage:1970-now: the computer age of VLSI.
Features: small size, fast running speed, high system stability, low calorific value and convenient maintenance.
How to contribute to information technology education in primary and secondary schools 1 You can communicate directly with the magazine yourself.
2. You can use a platform that can contribute and assemble articles for magazines.
How to speed up the development of information technology education in primary and secondary schools With the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, the application of computers has spread all over every field and corner of social life, profoundly affecting and changing the life of human society, and the way of human life and learning has undergone tremendous changes. With the rapid development of information technology represented by computers and networks, various learning resources, learning technologies and learning concepts emerge one after another. Educational informatization and technical education have caused a series of changes in teaching means and methods, educational ideas, educational models and educational methods. Therefore, it is imperative to speed up information technology education in primary schools.
First of all, we should attach importance to information technology education ideologically.
The main purpose of offering information technology courses in primary and secondary schools is to cultivate students' interest and awareness in information technology, so that students can master the basic knowledge and skills of information technology, acquire information, process information and apply information, and form good information literacy. However, in the environment of exam-oriented education, some schools pay insufficient attention to information technology courses, lack education investment, and lack teaching facilities and teachers. These soft and hard environments have become the key to the development of information technology education departments.
Therefore, ideological attention is the premise of developing information technology education, and information technology education can no longer be regarded as a dispensable subject, let alone mistakenly believe that information technology education will conflict with the teaching of other disciplines. We should change our ideas, constantly strengthen the educational awareness of teachers and students through publicity, lectures, observation and other forms, and establish that information technology education is the only way to teach students to learn and lead to the ocean of science and technology, and it is also an urgent matter related to whether we can cultivate high-quality and high-tech talents needed in 2 1 century. Only by reaching this understanding can information technology education develop healthily along the right track.
Second, increase investment in education and strengthen the construction of hardware facilities.
Due to the backwardness of educational concept and some limitations of educational system and investment, information technology education in primary and secondary schools is struggling. To develop information technology rapidly in primary and secondary schools, it is necessary to increase investment in education, improve teaching conditions, and focus on improving hardware facilities, including computers, network equipment, satellite ground receiving equipment, cable TV, DVD players, etc. Based on modern digital network technology, we will build a campus backbone network with advanced technology, strong expansion suite and wide coverage, which will connect all kinds of PCs, terminal devices and local area networks in the school and connect them with related wide area networks. Provide all kinds of soft and hard resources for teachers and students' educational activities; Support office automation, computer-aided teaching, digital campus culture and information research; Equipped with a courseware development center to support the development and use of courseware; Establish a supercomputer system. Improve the utilization efficiency of hardware to meet the needs of school teaching, scientific research and management. In the construction of hardware facilities, we should meet the teaching requirements as far as possible according to the requirements of teaching development and the actual situation of the school, adhere to the combination of economic practicability and sustainable development, and implement it according to the economic level and application level of the school, and then raise the hardware facilities to a new level when conditions are ripe.
Third, strengthen teacher training.
The training of teachers is the most important thing in the implementation of information technology education, and whether there are a large number of teachers who can master and apply modern information technology is the key to promote information technology education. Therefore, schools should train teachers in stages and in batches, so that teachers can quickly understand and master the frontier knowledge of information technology development, which is not only beneficial to information technology education, but also meets the requirements of the development of the times. Do a good job in teacher training from the following three aspects:
1. Pursue new knowledge and constantly improve yourself. Facing the rapid development of information technology, information technology education teachers, as the frontier of new knowledge, should not only pay attention to the trends of information technology education, but also master new knowledge and apply new technologies, so as to cultivate modern information talents that meet the requirements of the times. From the perspective of development, information technology teachers can pay attention to practicality and effect, cultivate students' operational ability and application ability, and play a bridge role for students to explore new knowledge.
2. Master new knowledge and constantly arm yourself. With the introduction of computer multimedia technology and Internet into thousands of households, the content of lectures will naturally be adjusted accordingly. Computer technology is the core of information technology, a carrier for students to explore knowledge and a tool to assist learning. Teachers should take practical technology as the main line and applied technology as the core in teaching. Therefore, as teachers of information technology education, only by constantly arming themselves with new knowledge and broadening their knowledge according to the requirements of the times can we grasp the main line and core of knowledge and remain invincible in this information society forever.
3. Apply new knowledge and constantly improve yourself. As a teacher of information technology education, we should not only know and master knowledge, but also master the latest knowledge. In this way, its advanced knowledge and leading position have also brought infinite vitality and vitality to the teaching of information technology teachers. This makes it keep pace with the times in content and its teaching methods are not outdated. In teaching, we should constantly absorb new knowledge, introduce new methods, improve teaching methods and improve teaching effect, so as to cultivate students to master the latest knowledge.
In a word, with the increasing importance of information technology today, it has become a kind of knowledge that mastering the skills of information technology education should start from primary and secondary schools. Schools use new teaching methods to meet the needs of knowledge growth, and improving students' quality is one of the important methods. With the continuous strengthening of China's comprehensive national strength and the increasing investment in education, the software and hardware construction of information technology education will gradually develop, and then China's information technology education will surely enter a new milestone.
What is the significance of studying the prospect of information technology education in primary and secondary schools in China? The development of information technology education in primary and secondary schools in China has experienced three waves, corresponding to three stages and three different hot areas of development: information technology curriculum, curriculum integration and network education.
The first wave began in the late 1970s and early 1980s, focusing on the teaching of computer science, that is, to enable students to learn and master the basic knowledge and skills of information technology. The iconic slogan is "Programming is the second culture".
Development context: the starting grade is from high school, junior high school to primary school; Course forms range from elective courses to compulsory courses; The content of the course was mainly programming at first, and then gradually increased the operation and use of applications; The name of the course has also been changed from computer course to "information technology course" with wider connotation and more international standards.
The second wave began in the middle and late 1980s, focusing on computer-aided teaching and computer-aided management, mainly developing teaching, courseware and education and teaching management. The iconic slogan is "The combination of computer and basic education is the development trend of international education reform".
Development thread: the type of education develops from "courseware" to "component" and "integrable ware", and the teaching with open resources, materials, tools and models becomes the development direction; computer
Auxiliary teaching has developed from showing knowledge and taking teachers as the center to "course integration" with students as the center and highlighting students' subjectivity, that is, integrating information technology into the courses and teaching of various disciplines; Teachers develop their own courseware to teach.
Teachers integrate and utilize various information technology education and teaching resources; Constructivism teaching mode has become the theoretical basis of curriculum integration.
The purpose of curriculum integration is to organically combine information technology with subject teaching, integrate information technology with subject teaching and learning, and use technology as a tool to improve the efficiency and effect of teaching and learning and change the traditional teaching mode.
The third wave began in the mid-to-late 1990s, focusing on online education, with the iconic slogan of "building networks, libraries and teams".
Development environment: building multimedia electronic classrooms; Building a campus network; Combining Skynet with ground network, implementing school-to-school communication project; Provide online courses for students; Establish an online education resource library; Study the teaching mode based on network; Explore research-based learning based on network; Try the distance teaching mode; At present, it is still in the stage of active exploration and experiment, and its development momentum is very strong.
The highlight of online education is the "school-to-school communication" project. Its goal is: within 5- 10 years, about 90% independent primary and secondary schools in China can access the Internet, so that teachers and students in primary and secondary schools can enjoy online educational resources and improve the quality of education and teaching in primary and secondary schools.
After nearly 20 years of three waves and three stages of development, information technology education, information technology curriculum, curriculum integration and network education in primary and secondary schools in China go hand in hand, and have the trend of mutual penetration and integration, and are facing unprecedented rapid development.
What stages have data management technology gone through, and what are the main characteristics of each stage? Five stages: manual processing stage, manual file system, database system, distributed database system and object-oriented database system.
The development of sports in China has gone through several stages. The development of social sports in New China has gone through five stages.
The first stage is 1949 to 1957, "Entrepreneurial stage of social sports in new China";
The second stage is the "saddle development stage" of 1958- 1965;
The third stage is called abnormal development stage;
The fourth stage is called the stage of development and initial reform;
The fifth stage is called the deepening stage of reform.
How many stages have Chinese characters gone through? What are the main characteristics of each stage? Chinese characters have roughly gone through seven stages, and the division and main features of each stage are as follows:
1, Oracle Bone Inscriptions. In the late Shang Dynasty, "ideographic symbol" evolved into a relatively stereotyped "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", which was immediately written on animal bones and tortoise shells. This is the first stage of "Chinese characters" and the ancestor of "modern Chinese characters". Oracle Bone Inscriptions has thin strokes, many straight strokes and many twists.
2. Jinwen. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, bronzes began to be widely used, and the words engraved on bronze Zhong Ding and stone drums appeared-"Bronze inscriptions", also known as Zhong Dingwen and Shi Guwen. Jinwen's brushwork is very rough, with a lot of bending pens and a lot of lumps.
3. seal script. In the Qin dynasty, the characters were unified and measured. Li Si, the prime minister, collected, simplified and beautified the characters at that time, forming a "seal script", also known as "Qin Zhuan", which is a combination of small seal script and big seal script. Chinese characters developed to the stage of seal script, and gradually began to shape in outline, strokes and structure, weakening the pictographic meaning and making the characters more symbolic.
The official script that became popular in the Western Han Dynasty was called "Han Li". Lishu has played the writing characteristics of brush, and there are twists and turns of "silkworm head and goose tail", which is convenient for writing.
5. Regular script. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi created regular script. Regular script draws lessons from the round strokes of seal script, and retains the square and straight of official script, and removes the "silkworm head swallow tail". The structure of Chinese characters was basically fixed, and it was called "true calligraphy" at that time. Later generations used this font as a model for learning calligraphy and changed it to regular script.
6, cursive script. From the early Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, Chinese characters appeared in cursive forms such as "Cao Zhang", "Today Grass" and "Crazy Grass". Cursive script is characterized by fast writing speed, fluency, rhythm and artistic appeal.
7. Run the script. Since the Jin Dynasty, there has been a kind of Chinese character between regular script and cursive script, which is called "running script". Running script is not as standard and serious as regular script, nor as bold and unrestrained as cursive script. It is elegant, cheerful, flexible and well connected, so it is still the most popular and commonly used Chinese font.