There are several European styles, among which Baroque style prevailed in Europe in the17th century, emphasizing linear flow and gorgeous color changes. Formally based on romanticism, it is decorated with marble, colorful fabrics, exquisite carpets and exquisite French wall hangings. The whole style is luxurious and rich, full of strong dynamic effect. The other is Rococo style, which loves to decorate with light and slender curves. The effect is elegant and friendly, and the royal aristocrats in Europe prefer this style.
The main feature of Baroque style is to emphasize strength, change and movement, to emphasize the comprehensiveness of architectural painting and sculpture and indoor environment, and to highlight the characteristics of exaggeration, romance, irrationality, illusion and fantasy. Break the balance, the plane is changeable, and emphasize the level and depth. The use of various colors of marble, precious stones, bronze, gold and other gorgeous and spectacular decorations broke through some procedures and principles of Renaissance classicism.
The overall characteristics of Rococo style are lightness, magnificence, exquisiteness and delicacy. The interior decoration is tall, slender and asymmetrical. Curves and arcs with changeable shapes and directions, such as "C", "S" or scroll coupons, are frequently used, large mirrors are often used as decorations, and garlands, bouquets, bows and arrows and shell patterns are widely used. Make good use of gold and ivory white. Bright, soft, light and luxurious colors. The interior decoration is elegant, and the production technology, structure and lines are euphemistic and soft, creating a relaxed, clear and friendly space environment. Locke's art is a baroque art in a period of disintegration and decadence, which prevailed in Louis XV, also known as Louis XV style. Adding to the first floor, Locke's art is often full of light and elegant sense of movement, and the characters in the paintings are elegant and harmonious.
2. Origin and history of European architectural style: When did European architecture originate from ancient Greek and Roman architecture? Its development process has roughly experienced the periods of ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, Byzantium, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, French classicism, Enlightenment and subsequent industrial revolution, which changed the whole architectural world.
European style emphasizes elegant decorative effect with gorgeous decoration, strong color and exquisite modeling. Types include Gothic architecture,-Baroque architecture, French classicism architecture, Roman architecture, classical Renaissance architecture, Roman architecture, Renaissance, Romanticism and eclecticism. Fountains, Roman columns, sculptures, minarets and octagonal houses are typical symbols of European architecture.
First, Gothic.
Gothic architecture is characterized by towering spires, pointed arches, large windows and large colored glass painted with biblical stories. Cross arches, flying tickets and slender columns are used in the design to create a light and slender flying feeling. The new frame structure is adopted to increase the strength of the supporting top, so that the whole building has straight lines and magnificent appearance, and the space in the church is open. Coupled with the long windows inlaid with colored glass, a strong religious atmosphere is produced in the church. The plane of the church is basically a Latin cross, but a pair of tall towers are added on both sides of the west gate. The structural system of Gothic church consists of stone skeleton coupons and flying buttresses. Its basic unit is to make a double-center skeleton tip coupon on the pillars at the four corners of a square or rectangular plane, one on each side and one on the diagonal, and the roof slate is supported on the coupon to form a vault. In this way, coupons with the same height can be made on different spans, and the vault is light in weight and clear in intersection, which reduces the thrust of the coupon foot and simplifies the construction.
The flying crib is issued by the pier outside the side hall to balance the lateral thrust of the arch foot in the middle hall. In order to increase stability, minarets are often built on column piers. Due to the use of pointed vouchers, pointed arches and flying buttresses, the interior space of Gothic churches is spacious, simple and unified. Ornamental details such as canopies and niches are also themed with sharp coupons, and the architectural style and structural techniques form an organic whole. The whole building looks simple in lines and magnificent in appearance, while the interior is very open and bright.
Gothic architecture is exquisite and artistic, and occupies a very important position in the history of architecture.
Second, Byzantium
Byzantine architecture is characterized by a small difference between the horizontal and vertical lengths of the cross, and a large dome at the intersection. The dome is on a square plane. It is a great contribution to the development of European architecture to build a covered dome and put the weight on four independent pillars. Hagia Sophia is a typical Byzantine building. Its foundation is rectangular like a Roman building, but the roof of the central part is composed of a huge circular vault and a semi-circular vault at the front and back.
In terms of architecture and interior decoration, the earliest achievement was in the Christian Church, which initially followed the basilica style. But in the 5th century, they created a new architectural form, that is, centralized form. The characteristic of this shape is that the dome is supported by four or more independent columns, and the sail arch is used as the middle connection. At the same time, groups of domes can be gathered together to form a broad and diverse new spatial image. Compared with the vaults of ancient Rome, this is a great progress.
Third, baroque style.
(1) the important features of baroque architecture are:
1, the narrow nave of the church was replaced by a wider and occasionally circular form.
2. Intense use of light, or strong contrast between light and shade, monochrome painting (i.e. Wildenberg Abbey of the church), or uniform lighting through several windows (i.e. Weingarten Abbey of the church).
3. Used for decoration (the rich use of putty is made of wood (usually gold plated), gypsum or plaster, marble or fake marble).
4. Large ceiling murals.
(2) The sacred buildings in Baroque style are mainly influenced by the Italian example, especially the intersection of Rome and cathedral, dome and nave. The center of baroque secular architecture is France, and the three-wing layout of palaces was established as a standard method as early as16th century. But this is Salomon deBrosse's Palace (built in 16 15- 1620), which established the baroque architectural paradigm.
3. There are many historical baroque styles in European architectural styles, mainly a style formed for papal architecture after the Renaissance! Rococo is after baroque, lighter and slimmer than baroque lines! Pay more attention to the European court style and make more use of the curve of shells! There are several European styles, among which Baroque style prevailed in Europe in the17th century, emphasizing linear flow and gorgeous color changes.
Formally based on romanticism, it is decorated with marble, colorful fabrics, exquisite carpets and exquisite French wall hangings. The whole style is luxurious and rich, full of strong dynamic effect. The other is Rococo style, which loves to decorate with light and slender curves. The effect is elegant and friendly, and the royal aristocrats in Europe prefer this style.
The main feature of Baroque style is to emphasize strength, change and movement, to emphasize the comprehensiveness of architectural painting and sculpture and indoor environment, and to highlight the characteristics of exaggeration, romance, irrationality, illusion and fantasy. Break the balance, the plane is changeable, and emphasize the level and depth.
The use of various colors of marble, precious stones, bronze, gold and other gorgeous and spectacular decorations broke through some procedures and principles of Renaissance classicism. The overall characteristics of Rococo style are lightness, magnificence, exquisiteness and delicacy.
The interior decoration is tall, slender and asymmetrical. Curves and arcs with changeable shapes and directions, such as "C", "S" or scroll coupons, are frequently used, large mirrors are often used as decorations, and garlands, bouquets, bows and arrows and shell patterns are widely used. Make good use of gold and ivory white. Bright, soft, light and luxurious colors.
The interior decoration is elegant, and the production technology, structure and lines are euphemistic and soft, creating a relaxed, clear and friendly space environment. Locke's art is a baroque art in a period of disintegration and decadence, which prevailed in Louis XV, also known as Louis XV style.
Adding to the first floor, Locke's art is often full of light and elegant sense of movement, and the characters in the paintings are elegant and harmonious.
4. Kneel for the development history of simple European style. Classical European style is a classic with a long history. The biggest feature of this style is its exquisite modeling, which gives people a dignified and elegant, noble and gorgeous feeling and a strong cultural atmosphere.
In the choice of furniture, we generally use spacious, exquisite and beautifully carved furniture to create a gorgeous, noble and warm feeling as a whole. As the center of the room, fireplace is the most obvious feature of this style, so it is widely used.
In terms of color, white or yellow series is often the main color, supplemented by dark green, dark brown and gold, showing the luxury temperament of classical European style. In terms of materials, cherry wood, walnut and other high-grade solid wood are generally used to show noble and elegant aristocratic temperament.
1. From the historical origin, while people constantly meet the requirements of modern material life, they have sprouted a complex of yearning for tradition, remembering ancient treasures and cherishing traditional features with artistic value. Therefore, the meticulous and rich style of the European Renaissance, as well as the beautiful curves and smooth lines of Baroque and Rococo later, often appear in room decoration and furniture furnishings.
Here we collectively call it-classical style for the time being. Decorative fabrics such as wallpaper, curtains, carpets, furniture and quilts in the same style; As well as jewelry cabinets that display all kinds of traditional tableware and tea sets with great appreciation value, adding a dignified and elegant aristocratic atmosphere to the classical home environment.
2. In terms of characteristics: pay attention to the symmetrical space aesthetic feeling. If we only imitate the classical style, it will inevitably destroy its grade and make it as vulgar as the nouveau riche.
The European classical interior style is enduring because it emphasizes reasonable and symmetrical proportions. Typical European elements include plaster lines, decorative columns, fireplaces and mirrors. The ground is generally paved with marble, and the walls are decorated with patterned wallpaper.
The interior layout is mostly symmetrical, with white, yellow and gold as the main colors. 3. In modeling design: the wall is inlaid with wood or leather, then painted with gold paint or painted with exquisite patterns; Smallpox will be decorated with decorative plaster craft, or with jeweled satirical oil paintings.
4. In terms of furniture configuration: There are many classical European furniture on the market. When shopping, try to pay attention to the elegant style. Some inferior European classical furniture is very rigid in modeling, especially some typical details such as arc or vortex decoration, which are clumsy. In addition, we should pay attention to materials. European classical style furniture must use good materials to appear verve.
5. Brief History of European Style Classical European Style is a classic with a long history. The biggest feature of this style is its exquisite modeling, which gives people a dignified and elegant, noble and gorgeous feeling and a strong cultural atmosphere. In the choice of furniture, we generally use spacious, exquisite and beautifully carved furniture to create a gorgeous, noble and warm feeling as a whole. As the center of the room, fireplace is the most obvious feature of this style, so it is widely used. In terms of color, white or yellow series is often the main color, supplemented by dark green, dark brown and gold, showing the luxury temperament of classical European style. In terms of materials, cherry wood, walnut and other high-grade solid wood are generally used to show noble and elegant aristocratic temperament.
1. From the historical origin, while people constantly meet the requirements of modern material life, they have sprouted a complex of yearning for tradition, remembering ancient treasures and cherishing traditional features with artistic value. Therefore, the meticulous and rich style of the European Renaissance, as well as the beautiful curves and smooth lines of Baroque and Rococo later, often appear in room decoration and furniture furnishings. Here we collectively call it-classical style for the time being. Decorative fabrics such as wallpaper, curtains, carpets, furniture and quilts in the same style; As well as jewelry cabinets that display all kinds of traditional tableware and tea sets with great appreciation value, adding a dignified and elegant aristocratic atmosphere to the classical home environment.
2. In terms of characteristics: pay attention to the symmetrical space aesthetic feeling. If we only imitate the classical style, it will inevitably destroy its grade and make it as vulgar as the nouveau riche. The European classical interior style is enduring because it emphasizes reasonable and symmetrical proportions. Typical European elements include plaster lines, decorative columns, fireplaces and mirrors. The ground is generally paved with marble, and the walls are decorated with patterned wallpaper. The interior layout is mostly symmetrical, with white, yellow and gold as the main colors.
3. In modeling design: the wall is inlaid with wood or leather, then painted with gold paint or painted with exquisite patterns; Smallpox will be decorated with decorative plaster craft, or with jeweled satirical oil paintings.
4. In terms of furniture configuration: There are many classical European furniture on the market. When shopping, try to pay attention to the elegant style. Some inferior European classical furniture is very rigid in modeling, especially some typical details such as arc or vortex decoration, which are clumsy. In addition, we should pay attention to materials. European classical style furniture must use good materials to appear verve.
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6. What is the historical significance of neoclassical style in Europe? The source of neoclassicism is the product of modern changes in western art, and it is also a manifestation of people's feelings on the eve of the French Revolution.
Corresponding to the exquisite artistic fashion of rococo in18th century, it is intended to revive contemporary art with ancient Roman culture and advocate noble and simple ideas and heroism for the country. With the passage of time, the lofty intention in neoclassicism is becoming more and more unsuitable for social reality, and then it becomes rigid and becomes an academic style.
Neoclassicism flourished in the middle of18th century and reached its peak in the first half of19th century. On the one hand, neoclassicism emphasizes the revival of ancient tastes, especially the solemn, solemn, beautiful and elegant art forms in ancient Greece and Rome; On the other hand, it strongly opposes the baroque and rococo artistic styles advocated by aristocratic society.
Neo-classicism is different from the classicism prevailing in17th century, which excludes the abstract concept of absolute beauty and the artistic image of poverty and bloodless. It takes ancient beauty as a model, absorbs nutrition from real life, respects nature, pursues truth, has a preference for ancient scenery, and shows yearning and nostalgia for ancient civilization.
Therefore, neoclassicism is also called revolutionary classicism, and its outstanding representative is David. The European Renaissance first originated in Italy in the14th century. The so-called Renaissance is a revolution in the ideological field initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie against the revival of people-oriented science and culture in ancient Greece and Rome, which was strangled by religion in the Middle Ages.
The Italian Renaissance first developed in Florence, and then spread to other regions, where some painting schools with both artistic achievements and local characteristics were formed. If the painters in Florence pay attention to the symmetry, balance and harmony of sketch and composition, then the painters in Venice strive for color and * * * communication, which lays the foundation for the development of modern European oil painting.
Tracing back to the origin of neoclassical style, the development of modern cities in western countries can be said to have experienced two important development periods. One is the urbanization movement after the first industrial revolution in the19th century, and the surge of urban population led to a large-scale urban construction movement in the modern sense; Another important period was the 1960s and 1970s, when western countries experienced the second industrial revolution and their economies entered a period of high prosperity and development.
In the process of the first large-scale urban construction in western developed countries, an architectural style school that pursues the decorative interest of arts and crafts appeared. It mainly appeared in Europe from the end of 19 to the beginning of the 20th century, including France, Britain, Germany, Belgium, Spain and other countries, and was called Art Nouveau.
This style is embodied in architecture, advocating the decorative beauty with handicraft style, and opposing the shoddy industrial building products and shoddy retro buildings at that time. The second large-scale urban movement in western countries is in the period of economic prosperity and social prosperity, and the architectural styles are diversified, among which neoclassicism and artistic styles that pay attention to exquisite craftsmanship and decorative modeling attract attention.
Neoclassical style is embodied in the profound understanding and refinement of classical architectural vocabulary. It uses modern technology (such as metal and large area glass) to show an elegant decorative architectural style. Among many styles, classical style has its own unique advantages in cultural taste, visual impact and sense of value, which can fully meet the needs and tastes of mass consumers. The epochal significance of neoclassical style has a profound social foundation and cultural soil, and it is also the inevitable product of the development of the times. In China, with the development of economic reform, people have put forward new requirements for the pursuit of culture and art after the economic living standard has been greatly improved.
Just like what can represent the art of the times, like our ancestors in the early stage of historical development, we first seek from historical traditions. The reason is that utilitarianism is a shortcut to meet demand.
Imitating classic fragments and copying a set of mature styles in the past can quickly produce bright spots different from the present in the dull market and form a fashion. Fashion and novelty are always the magic weapon for short-term market behavior to win.
The characteristics of neoclassicism Neoclassicism is characterized by refining complex decorations more exquisitely and elegantly, matching stiff and straight lines with gentle and elegant soft decorations, injecting classical flavor into simple and practical modern design, making home decoration more spiritual and letting classical beauty penetrate through the years and come alive around us. Decorative space: Neoclassical style mostly divides the space with arches or Roman columns, from simple to complex, from whole to part, meticulously carved, giving people a meticulous impression.
Through the combination of classical and simple furniture, line carvings in details, western-style furnishings and accessories, we create a unique European style with great atmosphere, elegance and atmosphere. Decorative modeling: In the house with neoclassical decorative style, the space decoration pays attention to the interweaving of lines, and the detailed lines are mostly arcs, which are spliced to form different patterns, creating an elegant sense of rhythm, while the lines deliberately carved in the details give people a refined taste.
Pay attention to manual fine cutting, carving and inlaying. While highlighting the relief-like three-dimensional texture, we pursue beautiful arcs and radians.
The overall outline and turning part of neoclassical furniture are mostly composed of symmetrical and rhythmic spiral curves or surfaces, and strive to fully show the rich artistic atmosphere in line and proportion design. Decorative color: elegance and harmony are synonymous with neoclassical style.
White, gold, yellow and crimson are common main colors in European style. A small amount of white fusion makes the colors look bright and generous, and makes the whole space open and inclusive, which makes people feel embarrassed at all. Neoclassical doorways, passes, window covers and doors are mainly white mixed oil.
Decorative materials: main materials/common fireplaces, Roman columns, crystal palace lanterns, candle table chandeliers, shield wall lamps, hooded desk lamps, beige marble, European wallpaper, carpets, solid wood floors and European antique bricks are all commonly used materials in neoclassical style. Accessories/European plaster line, gypsum board, wood carving, wood line, mirror.
Furniture: Neo-classical furniture simplifies classical and complicated carvings and makes them modern.
7. Origin and formation conditions of European style
Classical luxury goods with a long history.
European classical style has a long history. From the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century, under the influence of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Rococo and Paradis, it shines with classic light of classicality and luxury. European classical styles mostly introduce architectural structural elements. Under the shadow of convex and concave walls, Roman columns and carved flowers, European classical decorative patterns such as leaf-rolling grass, spiral pattern, sunflower pattern and arc line caress in exquisite furniture furnishings, reappearing palace-like luxury and gorgeous. According to different regional cultures, European styles can be divided into Northern Europe, Simple Europe and Traditional Europe. Among them, the pastoral style prevailed in Europe in the17th century, emphasizing the linear flow and the change of gorgeous colors. Formally based on romanticism, it is decorated with marble, colorful fabrics, exquisite carpets and exquisite French wall hangings. The whole style is luxurious and rich, full of strong dynamic effect. The other is Rococo style, which loves to decorate with light and slender curves. The effect is elegant and friendly, and the royal aristocrats in Europe prefer this style.
Characteristics of European style:
Generally speaking, European style will give people a sense of luxury, atmosphere and luxury. It is necessary to clarify the characteristics of a style, one is the form of this style, and the other is its humanity. This is also the standard by which we judge the style of a work. European style emphasizes elegant decorative effect with gorgeous decoration, strong color and exquisite modeling. The top of the European living room likes to use a large lamp pool and create an atmosphere with gorgeous chandeliers. The upper parts of doors and windows are mostly made into circular arcs, and the edges are hooked with patterned plaster lines. Two luxurious Roman columns stand at the entrance of the hall, and the interior has the shape of a real fireplace or a fake fireplace. It is best to use wallpaper on the wall, or choose high-quality latex paint to set off the luxurious effect. The floor material is preferably stone or floor. European living room needs furniture and soft decoration to create the overall effect. Dark oak or maple furniture and colored fabric sofas are the protagonists in the European living room. There are romantic Roman shutters, exquisite oil paintings, well-made sculptures and handicrafts, all of which are indispensable elements of European customs. However, it should be noted that this style of decoration will have a better effect in rooms with larger area and space. Most of the living room is in an empty structure, with large-area glass windows bringing good lighting and floor-to-ceiling curtains with great momentum. Fabric sofa combination has velvet texture and smooth wooden curve, which perfectly combines the luxury of traditional European home with the practicality of modern home. Fireplaces are naturally indispensable. It is placed at the intersection of spatial structures, echoing a colorful oil painting, and the open living room provides a visual center. Please visit the website of Jingguang Huayi Company for more information.
8. What are the European models? Specific plant varieties should adapt to local conditions. Select local plants that meet the above requirements. For example: rattan line and
Roll grass patterns, etc.
Lianas are annual lianas of Cucurbitaceae. That is to say, the main toxic substance of heartbroken grass is cucurbitacin. According to records, after people eat it, the intestines will turn black and stick together, and people will die of abdominal pain. The general detoxification method is gastric lavage, taking charcoal ash, and then using alkaline water and emetic. After gastric lavage, mung beans, honeysuckle and licorice can be used to detoxify.
Hook. Etching solution. ) Bentham. The root, leaf and whole herb of Celastrus of Loganiaceae are used as medicine. Roots can be harvested all year round, washed and dried. Collect leaves and whole grass in summer and autumn and dry them.
Appearance characteristics
Pumpkin vine, similar in appearance to honeysuckle, has small yellow flowers and pod-like fruits, and the other has small purple flowers. However, both of them are slim. The stem is only the thickness of pencil lead, more than 20 centimeters high, the leaves are fine and fragmentary, the size of small nails, and the roots have a bad smell.
The grass scroll pattern is one of the traditional Chinese patterns. Take honeysuckle, lotus, orchid, peony and other flowers and plants, arrange them into an "S" wave curve after treatment, and form a double-sided continuous pattern. Flowers and plants are arc-shaped and round, commonly known as rolling grass patterns. Because it prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, it was named Tang Caowen.
Curled grass pattern, one of the traditional Chinese patterns. Take honeysuckle, lotus, orchid, peony and other flowers and plants, arrange them into an "S" wave curve after treatment, and form a double-sided continuous pattern. Flowers and plants are arc-shaped and round, commonly known as rolling grass patterns. Because it prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, it was named Tang Caowen. In the Han dynasty, there was a scroll grass pattern. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the scroll grass pattern was widely used in the edge decoration of inscriptions, and its style was simple and simple.
9. What are the characteristics of Jane European style patterns? 1. Simple European style is different from European style, but it still retains the general style of materials and colors, and still strongly feels the traditional historical traces and rich cultural heritage. At the same time, it abandons complicated texture and decoration, simplifies lines, and is suitable for people who like simplicity.
2, Jane European style is very simple in all details, and the simplicity of decoration is to make the space look very simple and atmospheric. There are few decorative parts, but in terms of color and layout, the selection and collocation of decoration materials need some effort.
The simple European decoration style caters to the love of young people now. Nowadays, the busy life in the city has made people tired of parties and feasts. Young people prefer a quiet, peaceful, bright, spacious and comfortable home to eliminate work fatigue and make people forget the hustle and bustle of the city.
10. What are the characteristics of European patterns? 1. What are the characteristics of European patterns?
1. Let me introduce you first. The pursuit of gorgeous elegance reveals nobility, while the depth reveals luxury, and it also has strong cultural feelings and historical connotations. Although the pursuit of spatial continuity, but also the pursuit of physical changes and layering, not only indoor and outdoor colors, but also rich light and shadow changes; Wallpapers, carpets, curtains, bedspreads, curtains and classical decorative paintings or objects with patterns are often used indoors to reflect gorgeous styles. Furniture, doors and windows are painted white, and the lines of furniture and picture frames are decorated with gold thread and Phnom Penh.
2. Next, for everyone, the Nordic wind has a strong forest flavor, a little biased towards the Mediterranean wind, mainly beige, blue, silver and purple (yellow represents the beach, blue represents the sea, silver represents the feeling that the sun looks like silver on the beach, and purple represents purple flowers). It feels like a combination of European and North American pastoral styles.
3. Finally, I tell you that Jane European style is a European decoration style, which is atmospheric and closer to nature, with ivory as the main color and light color as the supplement. However, compared with the European decoration style with strong European flavor, the simple European style is fresher and more in line with the restrained aesthetic concept of China people.
2. The characteristics of Jane European decoration style:
1. When we choose furniture, we should match the European details in the hard decoration, not only choose safety furniture with dark colors, western-style retro patterns and very westernized shapes, but also coordinate with the big atmosphere and tone.
2. There are also some wall decoration materials to choose from, and the room is decorated with some characteristics, such as using diatom mud wall decoration materials to display the wall Bible and other contents, which is a typical European style. However, stripes and broken flowers are also common in Jane European style decoration.
3. When the decoration is simple and European style, lamps can choose some lamps with softer lines or soft light. For example, the wrought iron branch lamp is a good choice, with a little shape and simplicity.
4. Decorative picture frames with complicated lines but heavy looks should be chosen in rooms with simple decoration in European style to match them, and gold lacquer, carved flowers and even more grand looks are not excluded, but it is precisely this style.
5. The background colors of Jane European style decoration are mostly white and light, but the furniture can be white or dark, but it should be series and have a unified style. At the same time, the fabric and texture of some fabrics are very important, for example, silk fabrics will look more noble.