1on may 9, 945, history turned a new page: Nazi Germany, which had brought great disasters to mankind, was forced to sign an unconditional surrender; The fascist "Third Reich" established by Hitler completely collapsed in the cheers of the people's victory. 1933 Hitler seized power in Germany, established a fascist dictatorship at home, and frantically expanded his army to prepare for war. A few years later, Nazi Germany, Italy and Japan formed the "axis" of fascist aggression, preparing for launching the Second World War. Indulged by appeasement, Germany annexed Austria and occupied Czechoslovakia. 1939 September 1 Hitler Germany invaded Poland and the world war broke out in an all-round way. On the 9th and 3rd, Britain and France declared war on Germany. After the successful invasion of Poland, Hitler Germany launched a lightning attack on the western front of Europe in April 1940, and occupied Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium in succession within two months, approaching Britain and France. The appeasement policy implemented by the then British and French leaders was completely bankrupt. The Germans bypassed the French army "maginot line" and swept across northern France, splitting the British and French allied forces in two. More than 300,000 British and French troops were forced to retreat from Dunkirk. In June, the Germans occupied Paris, and the French Petain government surrendered without a fight. During this period, German and Italian troops also invaded the Balkans and took control of North Africa. After Hitler annexed more than half of Europe, at dawn on June 20th, 194 1, he mobilized troops to launch a surprise attack on the Soviet Union from the vast area from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, and went deep into the hinterland of the Soviet Union from the north, middle and south roads. Under the leadership of the CPSU and Stalin, the Soviet Red Army and the Soviet people fought back, launched a great patriotic war, shattered Hitler's arrogant plan to defeat the Soviet Union for three months, and dealt a heavy blow to the aggressors. 1941September, representatives of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain held a meeting in Moscow and announced that the three countries would take joint action in the anti-fascist war. In 65438+February of the same year 1 1, Roosevelt officially declared war on Germany and Italy on behalf of the United States. 1942165438+10 In October, the Soviet Union organized a counterattack in Stalingrad. By February 1943, the besieged elite German troops were completely annihilated, thus turning the tide and starting a strategic counterattack. American and British troops also landed in North Africa in June of 1942+0 1, and the German and Italian troops were expelled from North Africa in May of the following year. 1In June 1944, the Soviet Union completely recovered its occupied territory, and then sent troops to Eastern Europe to pursue Germany. At the same time, the American and British troops landed in Normandy, France, opening up the second battlefield in Europe, and it took more than a month to crush the stubborn resistance of the Germans on the western front. During this period, people in Eastern Europe also launched anti-fascist struggles in different ways. At the beginning of 1945, Soviet troops and American and British troops invaded Germany respectively. On April 25th, the Soviet Union joined forces with the United States and Britain on the Elbe River. On May 2, the Soviets conquered Berlin. The official signing ceremony of the unconditional surrender of fascist Germany was held at 24: 00 on May 8, 1945 in Kars holst, a suburb of Berlin. Under the auspices of Soviet Marshal zhukov, representatives of the German government signed an unconditional surrender letter with representatives of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. Surrender will take effect at 0: 00 on May 9. Due to the time difference, the Soviet Union east of Berlin is in the early morning of May 9, while the United States, Britain, France and other countries west of Berlin are in the afternoon or evening of May 8. As a result, the United States, Britain, France and other countries designated May 8 as the European Victory Day, while the Soviet Union designated May 9 as the anniversary of the victory over fascist Germany.