Top of the list. In 2006, Mount Tai was rated as "National Civilized Scenic Spot" and "World Geopark". In 2007, it was successfully promoted to the first batch of national 5A scenic spots and won the title of "China Calligraphy Mountain".
Up to now, there are 22 well-preserved ancient buildings in Taishan, with a total construction area of 1.4 million square meters. There are 12 stone workshops, 6 stone bridges, 7 stone pavilions, 1 copper pavilions, 1 iron tower between ancient buildings. There are more than 2,200 stone carvings on Mount Tai, which is known as "China Cliff Stone Carving Museum". There is the earliest stone carving in China-Taishan Qin stone carving; There are precious monuments of Zhang Qianbei, Fang Heng and Lady Jin Sun in the Han Dynasty; There are carved stones in the stone valley of the Northern Qi Dynasty, which is known as "the originator of Chinese characters" and "the master of books". Tang Xuanzong & gt also has the monument of Shuangliang in Tang Dynasty. There are many ancient and famous trees in Mount Tai, which is known as the "living world natural heritage". There are more than 30,000 ancient and famous trees in Mount Tai over a hundred years, including six cypress trees 2 1 1,000 years ago, 1 300 years ago in Tang Huai, 500 years ago in Xi hope people loose and Wu Dafusong, and 600 years ago in bonsai pine trees, which are regarded as national treasures. Mount Tai is famous for its majesty, showing many beautiful images, such as majestic, strange, steep, beautiful, quiet, peaceful and spacious. There are 12 famous peaks, 78 cliff ridges, 18 caves, 58 strange rocks, 12 valleys, 56 pool waterfalls and 64 mountain springs in Taishan Scenic Area. There are four natural wonders: the rising sun, the sunset glow, the golden belt of the Yellow River and the jade plate of the sea of clouds.
Taishan's unique natural environment and long history and culture have created a variety of beautiful mountains and rivers, beautiful waters and human landscapes, vividly recording the civilized chapter in the history of the development of our Chinese nation. Modern archaeological research shows that there were traces of human activities around Mount Tai in the Paleolithic Age 50,000 years ago. A large number of historical records also record that Taishan area has revealed the dawn of civilization as early as the matriarchal society stage. In the Neolithic Age 5000 years ago, Dawenkou culture at the southern foot of Mount Tai and Longshan culture at the northern foot not only affected Shandong, but also affected the vast areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Qilu State, which was formed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, is one of the regions with highly developed politics, economy and culture in China's history, and has produced historical and cultural celebrities such as Confucius and Mencius. History tells us that Mount Tai has become an important birthplace of oriental culture as early as ancient times, and it has become the first famous mountain and five mountains in China in the pre-Qin period.
The actual altitude of Mount Tai is not too high, and it is second only to Hengshan and Huashan among the five mountains, occupying the third place. Compared with many mountains in the country, there is no comparison. But why did it become the famous "Five Mountains" and "Five Mountains Alone" in ancient and modern times and enjoy a unique reputation? This should start with the geographical environment and primitive religion of Mount Tai.
Mount Tai rises in the east of North China Plain, above Qilu Plain, with a vast sea in the east, the Yellow River with a long history in the west, and the water of temperature, fear and Huai River in the south, which is in sharp contrast with the plain hills, with a relative height difference of1300m, so it looks particularly tall visually. This mountain range stretches for 65,438+000 kilometers and covers an area of 426 square kilometers. Its broad foundation produces a sense of stability, while its huge and concentrated shape produces a sense of heaviness, which is a great power of "stabilizing the town without shaking". The so-called "stable as Mount Tai" and "heavy as Mount Tai" are the physiological and psychological reflections of its natural characteristics.
Since ancient times, people have always regarded Mount Tai as a tall, beautiful, noble and determined image and praised it enthusiastically. In the second century BC, Sima Qian wrote in his>, "Man is inherently mortal, or heavier than Mount Tai or lighter than a feather". Chairman Mao once quoted Sima Qian to teach people that "it is more important to die for the benefit of the people than Mount Tai". This practice of closely linking the spirit of Mount Tai with the meaning of life and outlook on life has played a great role in educating people.
Ren Fang in the Six Dynasties & gt During the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was said that Pangu (the god who created the world in ancient times) died with Dongyue as his head, Nanyue as his left arm and Beiyue as his right arm, which was enough for Xiyue. Pangu's corpse turned east and turned into the East Mountain, so Mount Tai certainly became the head of the Five Mountains. This is obviously a fairy tale based on the theories of> and<& ltWude >>, which reflects the historical background of Mount Tai's exclusive respect for the Five Mountains.
The east is the place where the sun rises. The ancients thought it was the place where everything alternated and early spring happened. Therefore, the East has become the source of life, a symbol of hope and good luck. Ancient ancestors often regarded the majestic and peculiar Dongyue as a god, and worshipped the mountain god as the object of praying for good weather. Therefore, Mount Tai, located in the east, has become the "auspicious mountain" and the "home of the gods". The "son of heaven" who is destined by heaven regards Mount Tai as a symbol of national unity and strength. In order to thank God for his kindness of "giving life", he will also go to Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to the gods. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Wang Shangxiang built the East Capital at the foot of Mount Tai, and Zhou Tianzi built Qilu with Mount Tai as the boundary. Legend has it that before the Qin and Han Dynasties, 72 generations of kings went to Mount Tai to worship Zen. Since then, emperors such as Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Han Wudi Zhang, Han Andi, Sui Wendi, Wu Zetian,, Qing Kangxi and Qianlong have all come to Mount Tai to worship Zen and make contributions in stone carving. Emperors of past dynasties consolidated their rule with the help of the divine power of Mount Tai, and the sacred status of Mount Tai was promoted to an unbounded realm.
With the closing ceremony of emperors in past dynasties, Mount Tai has become an important place for various religious schools. As early as the Warring States period, Huang Boyang began to cultivate in the mountains. Since then, famous Taoist celebrities have lectured and built temples in Mount Tai. Buddhism has been developing in Mount Tai since Langgong, a monk in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, founded Langgong Temple.
Mount Tai has attracted many cultural celebrities, and poets and poets of all ages have poured in. They traveled to the mountains and wrote poems, leaving behind rich cultural products. Confucius, Guan Zhong, Sima Qian, Zhang Heng, Zhuge Liang, Cao Zhi, Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Su Dongpo, Ouyang Xiu, Fan Zhongyan, Wang Shizhen, Yao Nai and Guo Moruo. Everyone wrote a lot of poems about Dai, which led tourists from worshipping mountain gods to a new direction of sightseeing and learning aesthetics. From the foot of the mountain to the top of Mount Tai, there are more than a thousand stone carvings on the cliff alone. From the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were great systems in all dynasties. The book's rich and colorful style, different meanings in past dynasties, its large scale, numerous works, the continuation of the times, the exquisite style, genre and art, and the ingenious landscape creation are unparalleled in the world famous mountains. The combination of the high rhyme and deep feeling contained in the stone carvings and the majestic Mount Tai fully embodies the lofty spirit of the Chinese nation to strive for self-improvement.
In the thousands of years of Taishan civilization, a series of splendid humanistic landscapes created by the working people in previous dynasties combined with tall and majestic natural landscapes to form a majestic image and unique Taishan landscape. The layout of human landscape is designed according to the natural landscape, especially the topographical features and the needs of meditation, sightseeing and viewing activities. The most representative is the route of the emperor's meditation and the people's pilgrimage into the mountains. Its main body is the natural landscape, and its theme is the ideological content of Guan Tian Chan Di. The layout is concentrated in the triple space of hell-earth-heaven, from Li Haoshan where the emperor is stationed to Yuhuangding, with a length of 10 km. That is, crossing Naihe Bridge from the southwest of the city to Haolishan (southeast of Taian Railway Station) is the "underworld"; Taian city is a human being; Starting from Daizongfang archway in the north of the city, it is called "Tianfu" along the "ladder" with more than 6000 steps to Daiding.
Tai 'an City was developed because of the worship of Zen by the ancient emperors, the pilgrimage of the people into the mountains and sightseeing. Dai Temple is the main part of the central axis of Taicheng. This central axis starts from the south gate of Taicheng, extends to the memorial archway of Daizongfang, and then connects with the hiking trail to reach "Tian", which makes the mountain and the city not only in function, but also in the architectural space sequence. Its sequence is carried out in accordance with the sequence of mountaineering sacrificial activities, and it runs through a process from "human realm" to "fairyland" on the terrain. It is from gentle slope to steep slope, from low to high, and people rise step by step, and finally it is like climbing to Tianfu; From the perspective of building scale, from the palace on earth to the sky, it gradually entered the fairyland; From the color point of view, the red walls and yellow tiles always match the pines and cypresses. Then, through the triple rhythm of three miles and one flagpole, five miles and one archway, one-day gate, two-day gate (Zhongtianmen) and three-day gate (Nantianmen), a grand sequence of ascending to heaven step by step is formed.
The most prominent feature of ancient buildings in Mount Tai is to skillfully strengthen and beautify the natural environment by using the geographical environment, according to the natural trend and with the help of human power. First, in the choice of the sequence space position of sacrificial activities, make full use of the slow to steep trend of the southern slope of Mount Tai to create the artistic conception of climbing the "ladder". This road is downstream, and people walk in the valley, which is a "closed" natural landscape. The lower segment contracts tightly and does not open until the top is worn. The prelude is long and the contrast is strong. For the "worship of heaven" activities, the psychological state that causes environmental induction is exciting if it is done step by step. Ascending to the worse gate, you will be suddenly enlightened, just like ascending to the gods. Therefore, this geographical environment is a masterpiece of the spatial sequence of Zen worship. Secondly, in the choice of individual or group position and the construction of architectural structure, there are portal buildings built across roads, guiding buildings at mountain corners, scenic buildings set by streams, religious buildings hanging halfway up the mountain and sacrificial buildings standing on the top of the mountain. Thirdly, the structure, material, decoration and group combination with courtyard space as the basic unit of the building can meet the requirements of changeable terrain and environment. When the pavilion is built, the pavilion is built. The places that need to be open and transparent are light in shape, and the places that need to be contracted are three-dimensional and heavy, which fully embodies the architectural concept of being designed for the scenery and born for the environment.
The ancient architecture of Mount Tai mainly retains the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its value not only lies in the integration of architecture with painting, sculpture, rocks and trees, but also becomes an example of ancient culture in China, which preserves a huge meditation sequence and a three-dimensional picture of history, and also leaves us with an architectural model that conforms to nature, expresses and deepens the natural environment with its unique artistic image, and coordinates and strengthens the beauty of nature. Because of their existence, Mount Tai's natural landscape and human landscape complement each other. In the sky, Mount Tai, which is incomparably magnificent, has penetrated into the hearts of hundreds of millions of China people, become famous all over the world, and become a precious heritage of all mankind.
Climbing Mount Tai has been three roads since ancient times. The original east road was destroyed, and the original middle road naturally became the present east road. After getting off at Taishan Railway Station, tourists can first visit Daimiao, then go to Daizongfang Arch memorial arch from the back door of Daimiao, walk to Nantianmen through Zhongtianmen, or transfer to the cableway to Nantianmen after walking to Zhongtianmen, and then climb to the top of Taishan along Tianjie through Bi Xia Temple. If you take the middle road and get off at Taishan Railway Station, you can take the sightseeing bus along the highway around the mountain, pass through Heilongtan and Chikulinji to Zhongtianmen, then take the ropeway or walk from Zhongtianmen to Nantianmen, and then walk along Tianjie to Daiding. If you want to go up the mountain from West Road, you need to take sightseeing bus from Taishan Railway Station to Jieshou (the junction of Tai 'an and Jinan), and then turn north. Along the newly-built highway around the mountain, you can pass through the deep valley of Maolin where birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, and the spring water tinkles to Taohuayuan cableway station. From here, you can take the cableway to the north end of Tianjie. It can be said that you have reached the sky in one step!