Anti-Japanese History-Defensive Failure
From1the Lugouqiao Incident in July 1937 to the fall of Guangzhou and Wuhan in June 1938+00, it was the strategic defense stage.
The Lugouqiao Incident opened the prelude to the national war of resistance. At that time, the Japanese invaders took the Kuomintang as the main target, so the frontal battlefield undertaken by the Kuomintang army was the main battlefield to resist the Japanese attack. At the beginning of the National Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang showed a certain anti-Japanese enthusiasm, and successively carried out important battles such as the Battle of Ping Jin, the Battle of Songhu, the Battle of Xinkou, the Battle of Xuzhou, the Battle of Taiyuan and the Battle of Wuhan, and won the battle of Taierzhuang, which hindered the Japanese army's progress. However, because the Kuomintang pursues a one-sided anti-Japanese war line relying solely on the government and the army politically, it adopts a strategic policy of pure defense militarily. Although many officers and men of the Kuomintang army bravely resisted the Japanese attack, the situation on the frontal battlefield was still very unfavorable. They successively lost large areas of territory in North China and Central China, and the National Government also moved its capital to Chongqing. China, on behalf of the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation, put forward an all-round anti-Japanese war line relying on the people. 1937 In late August, the main force of the Red Army led by * * * was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army and went to the anti-Japanese front in North China; During the period of 65438+ 10, the red army guerrillas in southern provinces were also reorganized into the new fourth army and went to the front line in central China. The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army went deep into the enemy's rear and opened up the battlefield behind the enemy's rear, mainly in strategic cooperation with the Kuomintang army.
2. With the expansion of the war situation, the extension of the front line and the consumption of the long-term war, the Japanese army is seriously short of financial resources, material resources and troops, and has been unable to launch a large-scale strategic attack. With the development of guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines and the expansion of anti-Japanese base areas, the Japanese army can only control the main roads and some big cities in its occupied areas, and the vast rural areas are controlled by the China army, mainly the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. 1938 In September, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee was held in China. Mao Zedong raised the issue of China's position in the national war, criticized and overcame Wang Ming's right opportunist line, and adhered to the principle of independence, thus ensuring War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory. At this stage, Japan's policy of aggression against China has undergone major changes: it gradually attacked the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army in the enemy's rear battlefield with its main force, and adopted a policy of political inducement and surrender to the Kuomintang government. The Japanese aggressor troops concentrated most of their troops and almost all the puppet troops, and carried out a cruel "mopping up" of the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines led by China. The soldiers and civilians in the anti-Japanese base areas fought bloody battles and resolutely opposed "mopping up" and "nibbling away", and the battlefield behind enemy lines gradually became the main battlefield of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Lured by the Japanese government, Wang Jingwei, the leader of the pro-Japanese faction of the National Government, surrendered openly. 1in March, 940, a puppet national government was established in Nanjing to organize puppet troops to cooperate with the Japanese invaders in attacking the anti-Japanese base areas.
3. It was a strategic counterattack stage from1June 1944 to1August 1945 when Japan announced its unconditional surrender.
From 65438 to 0944, the soldiers and civilians behind enemy lines led by * * * launched partial counterattacks against Japanese puppet troops in North China, Central China and South China. At the same time, the Kuomintang was defeated in the frontal battlefield, losing most of Henan, Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong and part of Guizhou Province. From 65438 to 0945, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army launched a large-scale spring and summer offensive against the Japanese army, expanding the liberated areas and opening up many links between them. At that time, because the main force of the Kuomintang army was scattered in the southwest and northwest rear areas of China, most of the towns, traffic arteries and coastal areas occupied by the Japanese army were surrounded by soldiers and civilians in the liberated areas, and the task of comprehensive counterattack was naturally mainly carried out by the people's army in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines. 1945 In May, the Soviet Union conquered Berlin, and the Germans formally surrendered to the Allies, thus ending the war in the European battlefield of World War II. 1In August, 945, the US military won the war against Japan in the Pacific battlefield and approached Japan. On August 6 and 9, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.
On August 8th, the Soviet government declared war on Japan and sent troops to the northeast of China. On August 9, Mao Zedong issued a statement on "The Last Battle against Japanese Invaders", demanding that the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and other people's armies launch a wide-ranging attack on all invaders and their lackeys who are unwilling to surrender under all possible conditions. 1On August 4, 945, the Japanese government wrote to the governments of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and China, announcing its acceptance of the Potsdam Proclamation. /kloc-in August of 0/5, Emperor Hirohito of Japan officially announced Japan's unconditional surrender by broadcasting "imperial edict". On September 2, the signing ceremony of the Japanese surrender was held on the USS Missouri, an American battleship moored in Tokyo Bay, Japan. On September 9th, at the surrender ceremony of China Theater held at Nanjing Army Headquarters, Okamura Ningji, commander-in-chief of the Japanese invaders, signed the surrender letter on behalf of the Japanese base camp and handed over his sidearm, indicating that the Japanese invaders formally surrendered to China. At this point, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression victory over.
During the whole period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China's army carried out 22 large-scale battles and large-scale battles, more than 200 important battles and nearly 200,000 large and small battles, and annihilated the Japanese army/KOOC-0/.5 million and the puppet troops/KOOC-0/.6 million. At the end of the war, the Japanese surrendered more than 6,543,800 people and the puppet troops surrendered 6,543,800 people. With regard to China's losses in the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the article "China ordered Japan to compensate for losses" made by the Anti-Japanese War Compensation Committee pointed out that 26 provinces 1500 counties and cities covered an area of more than 6 million square kilometers, and at least 200 million people suffered from the war. 1937 From July 7 to the end of the war, our army suffered more than 33 10000 casualties and the people suffered more than 8.42 million casualties. Other casualties caused by fleeing from war, leaving home and freezing hunger are countless. The direct property loss was $365,438+$300 million, and the indirect property loss was $20.4 billion. This figure does not include the losses suffered by overseas Chinese in Northeast China and Taiwan Province Province, the military losses of US$ 465,438+US$ 600 million and more than 654,380,000 military and civilian casualties. In addition, the loss of China before the July 7th Incident was not included; Not including the losses suffered by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression behind enemy lines. After years of research and calculation, China historians have come to the conclusion that in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China suffered more than 35 million casualties, and China's property losses and war consumption exceeded 560 billion dollars.
Historical materials of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was a great national revolutionary war that lasted eight years from1July, 937 to1August, 945. It was also the first time that the people of China won a complete victory against foreign aggression for more than 100 years. This war was fought on the basis of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, with the extensive participation of all walks of life, people of all ethnic groups, democratic parties, anti-Japanese groups, patriots from all walks of life and overseas Chinese. China War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was an important part of the Second World War.
Anti-Japanese History-Casualties
China government forces suffered more than 3.22 million casualties, of which about 1.32 million were killed;
China's army lost more than 580,000 people, of which160,000 people were killed. The total number of military and civilian casualties in China is about 36 million. [2]
Excluding a large number of Chinese puppet troops attached to the Japanese army, the casualties of pure Japanese troops were about 8 18074, and the casualties were about 3 1586 1.
5022 13 people were injured.