Brief introduction of Bulang nationality
There are more than 82,000 Bulang people. It is mainly distributed in Brown Mountain, Bada, Xiding and Luoda in Donghai County of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and the rest are distributed in Yunxian County, Zhenkang, Yongde, Shuangjiang, Gengma and Lancang, Mojiang and Jingdong counties in Lincang area.
The Bulang people are good at planting and making tea.
The area where Bulang people live has mild climate, fertile soil and abundant rainfall. The dry season is from June 1 1 to April of the following year, with little rain and fog, which is suitable for planting tea. Bulang people adapt to local conditions, vigorously develop tea production, and widely plant tea forests on Brown Mountain to make tea, making this remote mountainous area an important producing area of "Pu 'er tea", and thus Bulang people become experts in growing vegetables and making tea. If you come to Brown Mountain during the tea-picking season, you will surely see the lush tea forests and the skillful tea-picking techniques of Brown women.
In addition to tea forests, there are towering virgin forests between the mountains around Brown Mountain. There are high-quality wood such as pine, cypress, Toona sinensis, Quercus acutissima and cherry, economic tree species such as tung tree, Cinnamomum camphora and walnut, wild medicinal plants such as Panax notoginseng and Luofumu, and animals such as bison, wild boar, tiger, leopard, tiger, red deer and ape live here.
The Bulang people have their own language, but they don't have their own writing. Due to the scattered residence, the Bulang people have formed language differences between regions, including the Bulang dialect in Xishuangbanna and the "Wu" dialect in Zhenkang. Brown people can speak Wa, Chinese and Dai besides their own languages, and a few intellectuals have already used Dai and Chinese.
Bulang history
The Bulang nationality is an ancient nationality, and it is said that it is the descendant of China ancient Dai Pu, Pu Pu and Pu Pu. It was called "Puziman" in Tang Dynasty and "Puman" in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Some people call themselves "Brown", others call themselves "Awa", "Yiwa" and "Wenggong", and Han and Dai people call them "Puman" and "Puman". After the founding of New China, according to the wishes of this nation, they were collectively called Bulang nationality. Before liberation, the Bulang people living on Brown Mountain still kept the remnants of the primitive commune to varying degrees. The Bulang people living in Pingba area entered the stage of economic development of feudal landlords because of the influence of the Han and Dai nationalities with relatively rapid economic and cultural development. The area where Bulang people live has a mild climate and rich products. They are mainly engaged in agricultural production and are good at planting tea trees, which is the origin of the famous Pu 'er tea. The Bulang nationality in Brown Mountain implements the mother-child joint name system. The child was named three days after birth, and the mother's name was linked with the child's name.
Brown music
Bulang people live in Lincang, Shuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and in Brown Mountain, Yun County and Lancang County in Simao District. The population is about 58,400. Use the national language, no Brownian script, usually use Dai and Chinese, and believe in polytheism. They like singing and dancing, not only at festivals and weddings, but also on their way home from work. In the monotonous and low background, impromptu folk songs sounded, and horses came from a distance from time to time. This is a brown genre painting.
Brown etiquette
Langzujie
Many traditional festivals are mostly related to religious activities. Among them, the most distinctive festivals are: New Year's Day, offering sacrifices to the gods and washing the feet of cattle.
Other festival customs of Bulang nationality are similar to those of Dai nationality, such as "celebrating the New Year", "entering the depression" and "leaving the depression". In the Dai calendar, people worship Buddha on January 15th and altar on August 15th. "Huang" is a language, which refers to the offerings made by secular beings to monks or ancestors. Buddhism is commonly known as "giving" or "alms". According to the legend of the Bulang people, they and the Dai people are brothers. Bulang people are brothers, living in mountainous areas and planting mountains, while Dai people are brothers, living in bazi and planting paddy fields. Therefore, Bulang people invite Dai Buddha to go up the mountain every time they "worship Buddha", and Dai people "worship Buddha" also invite Bulang Buddha to go down the mountain.
Chinese New Year: The Bulang people call it "Jingbimai" in Dai language, which is the most solemn festival of the Bulang people. On this day, every household will eat brown sugar glutinous rice Baba, wrapped in banana leaves into two parts, each part with a pair of wax strips and two flowers, and placed in the president's home: one part will be placed in the "rolling tire" (family shrine) hanging above the family's long bed. The other is dedicated to Gao Gagong (the head of the family). All male parents should take off their headscarves and kowtow to the family leader as the representative of the whole "Gagong" (family). And symbolically baptized the patriarch from head to toe with water to congratulate him on his longevity, good fortune and peace. The head of the family also blessed the people: "The children of the whole family come to pray every holiday. This is an ancient gift handed down by ancestors and should not be forgotten. The old year has passed and the new year has arrived. You are blessed when all your children and grandchildren come to say goodbye to you and pay a New Year call. I wish you a prosperous crop and a prosperous population. " At the end of the ceremony, the head of the family prayed and sacrificed for "Tega Gungun" (the god of the family) to replace the god of socks. The village community takes the family as the unit, and then holds a dripping ceremony in the direction of sunset.
Closing day: Bulang people are also called "Haowasha" like Dai people. On this day, as usual, the family will send a flower and a pair of wax strips to the head of the family to worship the "rolling tire" and run to hold a ceremony to wash hands and feet for the head of the family to express their blessings. The whole family, men, women and children, also offered two pairs of wax sticks as sacrifices to the ghost "Su Ma" (kowtow) with broken doors, stairs and furniture, praying for the safety of people and animals.
The Bulang people like singing and dancing. Every wedding, Buddha worship, building a new house and other festive days, men, women and children are singing and dancing, often accompanied by singing at work, which is endless fun.
The Bulang people's songs and dances have been communicating with the Dai people's songs and dances for a long time, which not only absorbs the advantages of the Dai people's songs and dances, but also gives full play to their own characteristics. The Bulang folk song is called "Brown Tone", with a total of more than a dozen tones. The most basic tunes are "jilt" in the festival duet, "slaughter" to express loneliness and sadness, "suo" accompanied by a small three-stringed instrument, and "hen" to sing praises of love and new socialist life and dance on grand occasions. In Brown Mountain and other places, Zhangha tune and Yilaha tune of Dai people are also very popular. In Brown language, the song is called "Arrest" and the singer is called "Zhang Arrest". The Brown people have the custom of singing. Singing is often impromptu and lasts all night, sometimes even days. There are eleven or twelve kinds of dances, such as knife dance, wax strip dance and circle dance, which are deeply loved by the masses.
Marriage custom of Bulang nationality
The Bulang people have the habit of living by their wives. When the boys and girls of Bulang nationality are 14 or 15 years old, they will hold a ceremony of "painting their teeth". At that time, boys and girls would get together and burn black smoke from mangroves with iron pots to dye each other's teeth for the opposite sex. Dyeing teeth means entering adulthood and being able to participate in social activities in the village openly.
"String girls" is the traditional love way of Bulang people. The love and marriage of Bulang youth are very free and supported by family and society. Whenever the moon rises, the boys wear new clothes and embrace Sanxian, and come to the girls' bamboo downstairs together, competing to impress the girls' hearts with harmonious language and enthusiastic singing. Dressed-up girls also lit the fireplace early, opened the door, invited boys in, and expressed their love for their sweetheart in ingenious ways such as singing, handing out cigarettes and serving tea. A string of girls in the brown mountain area can go together or go alone at night. It is a common form of ideological, cultural and emotional communication between young men and women.
When men and women are deeply in love, men will propose to women. Many places in Brown Mountain use flowers as a medium to propose marriage. The young man gave the girl flowers picked from the mountain. When the girl confirmed that the young man really loved her, she chose the most beautiful flower from the bouquet and put it on her head to show her consent to the marriage.
Brown's wedding is also unusual. A couple's wedding will be held two or three times. After the first engagement, the girl was taken to the man's house to tie the thread. After that, the bride and groom went home. Although the groom will stay at his father's house every night, he will still go back to his home to work and live during the day. It was not until the second wedding that the bride officially married into her husband's family as a daughter-in-law. The third wedding is usually held after the child is born. This time, we must kill pigs and cattle, and have a wedding banquet to entertain relatives and friends in the village.
Bulangzu clothing
The Bulang people wear simple clothes, and both men and women like to wear blue and black clothes. Women's clothes are similar to those of Dai people. They wear tight jackets and headscarves on their heads, and like to wear big earrings, silver bracelets and other decorations. Girls love wild flowers or homemade colorful flowers and dye their cheeks red. Men usually wear black or cyan trousers and a hooded double-breasted collarless coat. Adult men like tattoos. Both men and women like drinking, dyeing their hair and smoking.
Bulang nationality diet
Rice is the staple food, supplemented by corn, wheat, soybeans, peas and other miscellaneous grains. I like to stew rice into rice with gongs or clay pots. Especially good at cooking bamboo rice. When cooking, choose a fresh section of bamboo, fill it with rice and appropriate amount of water, cook it with fire, cut open the bamboo tube and use half as a bowl. Rice dipped in bamboo pulp, with the fragrance of Hsinchu and charcoal, is delicious.
Cattle, sheep, pigs and chickens are the most common meats, and they often prey on game and insects. The cooking techniques of dishes are mostly stir-fried and cold salad. Many game, fish, shrimp, crabs, cicadas, insects and other foods are generally cooked by frying, frying and steaming. Such as: crab, fried spider, cicada sauce, etc. Sour food, such as sour bamboo shoots, sour meat, sour fish, etc. , often pickled. The production method is basically the same as that of other local ethnic groups such as Dai, but Bulang people often put a layer of rice on pickled cabbage.
I like drinking, most of which are brewed at home. Among them, jade wine is the most famous. This wine is green after being filtered by the leaves of a plant called Rubus, which is very similar to the color of jade, hence the name. The Bulang people are bold and straightforward, and there is a custom among friends that "anyone who drinks will get drunk".
Drinking tea is another hobby of Bulang people. They are good at making tea. Bamboo tea and yogurt tea are unique to Bulang people. Folk also often make sour tea as a gift for relatives and friends.
Brown women living in Brown Mountain in Xishuangbanna, especially pregnant women, are addicted to local red soil, which is said to have the effect of stopping vomiting, removing fishy smell and refreshing themselves.
Brown architecture
Brown village is usually home to three, five to dozens of families with the same blood. The house is a two-story tile-roofed house with bamboo and wood structure. There are purlins, bedrooms and terraces upstairs. The lower floor is generally used as a warehouse and a place for raising livestock. There is a fire pit in the center of the house. The fire pit is a place where the family eats and entertains guests, and beds are placed around the fire pit at night.
Bulang custom
When walking, it is forbidden to pass by others and not to cross the legs of the person sitting; No one is allowed to tie a horse against the post in the hospital; Take off your shoes when you enter the Buddhist temple. You can't smoke after entering the temple You can't touch the heads of buddhas, monks and old people with your hands. It is forbidden to cut down sacred trees and surrounding forests at ordinary times, and it is not allowed to dig holes and take stones in them, and it is not allowed to urinate in the sacred forest area. After being pregnant, Bulang women are forbidden to worship the Buddha in Huang Fang. Pregnant women are also taboo to participate in other people's weddings and funerals, and generally cannot participate in various festivals.
Bulang religion
Bulang people believe in Hinayana Buddhism and worship their ancestors. There are many Buddhist activities during the festival. In addition to welcoming the Japanese, people also went to Buddhist temples to hold activities such as building sand, bathing Buddha and splashing water.