According to the development and change of war form and use mode, the shape of Japanese Dao has gradually evolved. Its main performance is the transfer of Beijing's confrontation from dry confrontation to waist confrontation. Many ancient Dao in the period of Ping 'an and Northern and Southern Dynasties were magnificent, and they were also polished or even polished to shorten their length. In the Edo period, the main application of Japanese sword was no longer the battlefield function, but the concrete performance tool of fencing, so the Japanese sword in the Edo period was much weaker than that in the previous era.
From the late heian period to the Kamakura era, Japanese knife-making schools such as Yamato Chuan, Bei Chuan, Shancheng Chuan, Xiangzhou Chuan and MINO Chuan appeared, and famous craftsmen from all over the world came forth in large numbers. Especially the former country Nagano-CHO.
ancient times
The sword before the end of heian period is classified as Gu Jian, and its shape is different from the common Japanese sword, which is either straight-edged or double-edged. Ancient knives are extremely rare and are important archaeological materials.
Iron swords have appeared in Japan's ancient grave era. For example, there are iron swords unearthed in Inayama and Shima tombs in saitama and Yamagata tombs in Genji County. The "Jin CuO Ming Iron Sword" unearthed from the ancient grave of Daoshan was made in 47 1 year, to commemorate the achievements of serving Emperor Xionglue. The sword is engraved with the Chinese characters 1 15. Most swords of this era have rusted.
The number of swords left over from early modern times in heian period is quite rare. Academic issues such as the change of Japanese sword style and when and how Japan created a unique machete have not been fully understood. It is generally believed that in the middle period (about 10 century), after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising and the Tianqing Uprising, the straight knife gradually became a machete. At the same time, the manufacturing process has changed from flat to diamond-like pickaxe. The improvement of manufacturing technology makes Japanese knives stronger and sharper. The typical style of this transition period is the "Mao-shaped broadsword" with the blade and handle made of a whole piece of iron, and the "Xiaowu Pill" knife with the first two blades and the reverse bending of the blade. The most famous broadsword used by Fujiwara Hideki in Ise Shrine is the Mao-shaped broadsword. In the later period of heian period, especially in the "Battle of the First Nine Years" and "Battle of the Last Three Years", the clan power of samurai was strengthened, and Japanese Dao was greatly developed. For example, Botswana and Beiqian have different schools of fencing, which produce high-quality iron ore, as well as Shancheng and Yamato, which are political and cultural centers. At this time, Japanese Dao is mainly used for instant decisive battle, so it is mostly too Dao. The representative works of this period include Boy Chop, in which Yuan beheaded the boy with wine in Dajiangshan (the security system in Bomao is a national treasure in Japan), and Kogitsunemaru, which is said to be built by the fox (the three clan systems in Shancheng were destroyed in World War II). Apart from Angang, three small smelters in Shancheng (now Kyoto), such as Kyoku and Youcheng, are considered to be the oldest knives with the names of the manufacturers engraved on them.
The characteristics of Taidao in Heian period are: pickaxe, Anton (ぃぉりむねね, Iori Yagami), small cutting first, Beijing opposing, narrow front and wide back, and beautiful knife shape.
Japanese Dao in the early Kamakura period is similar to that in the late heian period. The establishment of the samurai political system of Kamakura shogunate made the sword world very active. The emperor of Gotobajoko even set up Imperial Forging, called the knife maker to forge knives every month, and actively encouraged knife making.
In the middle of Kamakura period, due to the emphasis on practicality, the width of the knife changed little. The blade was cut by the pig first, and the quality is really vigorous. At this time, the production of short knives began to flourish.
At the end of Kamakura era, the invasion of two yuan people and the collapse of the original political system brought great social turmoil and made the knife-making industry prosper. Japanese Dao in this period is more bold than that in the middle of Kamakura. Inherited and developed the characteristics of small change of knife width and longer cutting. Short knives, knives and knives all have the same feature, that is, they are longer than other periods.
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a large number of broadswords, called Madam Dao and Ye Taidao, appeared. After the mid-Muromachi period, Japanese knives changed from too big knives with downward blades to broadswords with upward blades. Due to the transition to peacetime, Japan's demand for swords decreased, and Japanese knives began to be mass-produced as trade commodities, so the quality of Japanese knives began to decline. The war triggered by Ren Ying Rebellion broke out again, the demand for swords expanded again, and a large number of shoddy products appeared to meet the demand, which made the quality of Japanese swords even lower.
During the Edo period, the forging industry flourished in Edo (now Tokyo) and Osaka (now Osaka), and famous knife workers emerged everywhere. With the continuation of the Millennium, Japanese knives began to blindly pursue gorgeous blade writing, and gradually divorced from the practical essence. In addition, in this era, the decoration of tools such as shovels, small handles, holes and clips began to develop.
After the uprising at the end of the curtain began, Shui Xin's son Zheng Xiu and others advocated restoring the forging method of ancient knives and carrying forward the practical Japanese knife-making method again. After that, this knife is called a new knife. Just as knife-making began to flourish again, the Meiji Restoration began, and 1873 prohibited war. 1876, people other than police and soldiers were forbidden to carry knives, and Japanese knives declined rapidly. Modern as a traditional craft, the ancient knife-making method is still popular everywhere.