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Historical development of washing machines
Mechanical force, washing liquid and water are three elements in the washing process of washing machine. The mechanical force generated by the moving parts of the washing machine and the action of washing liquid separate dirt from clothing fibers. Heating the washing liquid can enhance the decontamination effect. Different fabrics have different suitable liquid temperatures, and the main indicators reflecting the washing performance of washing machines (that is, the ability to wash clothes) are washing rate (or washing ratio) and fabric wear rate. Water washing rate is to measure the reflectivity of artificially polluted cloth and its original cloth before and after water washing with photoelectric reflectometer (or whiteness meter) under rated water washing state. From ancient times to the present, washing clothes is an inevitable housework, but before the appearance of washing machines, it was not as full of fun as described in pastoral poems. Repeated simple physical labor, such as rubbing hands, beating with a stick, cleaning and beating, often leaves people with the feeling of hard work.

1858, an American named hamilton smith made the world's first washing machine in Pittsburgh. The main part of the washing machine is a bucket. There is a straight shaft in the bucket with blades. You can rotate the shaft by shaking the crank connected to it. In the same year, Smith obtained the patent right of this washing machine. However, this kind of washing machine is laborious to use and harmful to clothes, so it is not widely used, but it marks the beginning of washing clothes with machines. The following year, a washing machine with a pestle as a stirrer appeared in Germany. When the pestle moves up and down, the wooden nail with spring constantly acts on the clothes. /kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, the washing machine has developed into an octagonal washing drum with a rotating handle. When washing, release soapy water into the tank. After washing clothes, squeeze them dry with a liquid tumbling device.

1874, the "era of hand washing" is facing unprecedented challenges. American Bill Black invented the wooden hand washer. The structure of Blake's washing machine is very simple, that is, six blades are installed in a barrel, which is driven by a handle and a gear to turn clothes over in the barrel, thus achieving the purpose of "washing clothes". The appearance of this device greatly encouraged those who struggled to improve their living efficiency, and the improvement process of washing machine began to be greatly accelerated.

1880, steam washing machines appeared in the United States, and steam power began to replace manpower. After hundreds of years of development and improvement, modern steam washing machines have made unparalleled progress compared with the early days, but the principle is the same. The functions of modern steam washing machines include steam washing and steam drying. Through the intelligent water circulation system, high-concentration washing liquid and high-temperature steam can be sprayed on clothes at the same time, running through the whole washing process, realizing a unique new washing method of "steam washing" in the world. Unlike ordinary drum washing machines, which need to heat the whole bucket of water, steam washing aims at deeply cleaning clothes. When a small amount of water enters the steam generating box and is converted into steam, clothes stains are decomposed by high-temperature spraying. Steam washing is quick and thorough, only requires a small amount of water, and can save time. For winter clothes that have been put in the closet for a long time and produce wrinkles and odors, they can be naturally stretched to smooth the wrinkles. The working principle of "steam drying" is to spray constant steam on clothes, spread them out, and then dry them by constant temperature condensation. In this way, heavy clothes not only dry faster, but also have the effect of stretching and ironing.

After steam washing machine, hydraulic washing machine and internal combustion engine washing machine also appeared one after another. The hydraulic washing machine comprises a washing tub, a power supply and a connector connected with a ship, wherein the washing machine is provided with a water inlet and outlet hole, a washing machine shell is provided with a power supply, the washing tub is provided with a clothes inlet hole, a sealing cover is arranged at the entrance of the washing tub, and the washing machine is connected with the ship through the connector. It does not need any electricity, only natural river power can wash clothes, freeing boat people from the trouble of washing clothes on board, saving time and reducing the intensity of housework.

19 10, Fisher Company of the United States successfully trial-produced the world's first electric washing machine in Chicago. The appearance of electric washing machine marks the beginning of human housework automation.

1922, Matayiger Company of the United States reformed the washing structure of the washing machine, changing the drag type into the stirring type, so that the structure of the washing machine was fixed, and this was the birth of the first stirring washing machine. This washing machine is equipped with a vertical shaft in the center of the drum and a stirring wing at the lower end of the vertical shaft. The motor drives the vertical shaft to swing back and forth periodically, so that clothes and water are constantly rolling and rubbing, thus washing away dirt. The invention has scientific and reasonable structure and is widely welcomed by people.

1932, Bendex Airlines announced that they had successfully developed the first front drum washing machine, in which washing, rinsing and dehydration were completed in the same drum. This means that the type of electric washing machine has jumped to a new level and taken a big step towards automation.

1937 the first automatic washing machine came out. This is a front-mounted automatic washing machine. A cylinder driven by a horizontal shaft can hold 4000 grams of clothes. Clothes keep rolling up and down in a sink filled with water to purify and remove dirt. In the 1940s, modern overhead automatic washing machines appeared.

With the acceleration of industrialization, countries all over the world have also accelerated the development of washing machines. First of all, the jet washing machine was developed and introduced from Britain. It relies on the powerful vortex generated by the impeller running on one side of the drum to make the clothes and washing liquid roll constantly in the drum to wash the clothes.

1955, Japan developed a unique pulsator washing machine based on the introduction of jet washing machine from Britain, which has been popular ever since. At this point, the situation that pulsator, drum and stirring are divided into three parts in the production field of washing machines has initially taken shape.

In 1960s, a double-barrel washing machine with a dry barrel appeared in Japan, which was called "semi-automatic washing machine".

In the 1970s, a fully automatic pulsator washing machine was produced.

In the late 1970s, an automatic washing machine controlled by a computer (actually a microprocessor) came out in Japan, which opened a new stage in the history of washing machines.

In 1980s, the application of "fuzzy control" made the washing machine easier to operate, more perfect in function, more convenient in washing procedure and more fashionable in appearance. ...

In the 1990s, due to the improvement of motor speed regulation technology, the washing machine realized a wide range of speed conversion and adjustment, and many new water washing machines were born. Since then, with the development and perfection of motor-driven technology, Japan has produced a motor-driven washing machine, canceling gear transmission and speed change mechanism, which has triggered a huge revolution in the driving mode of washing machines. Later, with the further development of science and technology, the drum washing machine has become a product that everyone has heard of. With the further development of science and technology, I believe that the new washing machine that is more suitable for people will bring new ways to our lives.