1. Re-understanding of the employment situation of college students in China
Employment situation of different majors
Foreign language majors will continue to be popular. Over the years, the future of foreign language majors is better. After China's accession to the WTO, international exchanges will increase, and foreign language talents will be in short supply. This is the case with English majors. Small languages, especially Japanese, are expected to have better employment prospects.
After China's entry into WTO, the society needs talents in marketing, management, finance and accounting. In recent years, the students of these majors have a good future. In addition, people who understand WTO rules, such as economics, management and accounting, will be very popular.
Computer and electronics majors will be improved. With the gradual recovery of IT industry, the demand for this kind of major will be higher, and students' employment may be more optimistic.
Because Chinese majors have a wide range of adaptability and a certain foundation, many positions provided by society, such as editor, reporter, secretary and administration, are suitable for them. History, philosophy, sociology, political science and other majors will continue to decline because of the fierce competition for civil servant positions. Although the number of civil servant positions increases every year, applying for civil servants can solve the way out for some such students.
Although the employment level of graduates from different majors will be uneven, the demand for different majors will change. If you can lower your expectations and are willing to work in the west and the grassroots, it should be said that both popular and unpopular students can find jobs.
2. Rational thinking of employers
Most employers have changed the impression that non-brand and highly educated graduates are not used, and now they pay more attention to the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality and professional quality. Statistics show that the salary of some senior technicians can even exceed that of graduate students. It can be seen that employers choose graduates with different educational levels more from the actual needs, and the rationality of their recruitment behavior is greatly improved. Such an environment will undoubtedly bring more development space to the employment of junior college students and higher vocational graduates. Maybe more people will join the ranks of "future senior technicians" in the future.
3. Private enterprises have become an important channel to attract graduates.
Some well-known enterprises will provide a considerable number of jobs. Schools and scientific research institutions are the main force to attract graduate students. The demand of private enterprises has increased rapidly and has become a new force to accept graduates' employment. Moreover, with the continuous development of the individual and private economy, its demand for jobs will further increase. This requires the majority of graduates to actively change their employment concepts and not to focus on large state-owned companies and enterprises. We should adapt to the requirements of the situation and devote ourselves to dynamic private enterprises.
The rapid economic development in China provides broad employment opportunities.
Gross domestic product (GDP) will double from 2000 to 20 10, which requires GDP to maintain an annual growth rate of at least 7% in the next five years to 10. Experts predict that every percentage point increase will provide 800 to 1 10,000 jobs. China's accession to the WTO and the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region will increase more employment opportunities. The gradual completion of state-owned enterprise reform will also enable enterprises to reserve talents on a large scale in recent years. In addition, due to the improvement of the talent flow mechanism and the change of college students' employment concept, the graduation direction and employment direction of college students will be more diversified and autonomous.
Second, the main factors of employment difficulties for college students in China
Social factors of college students' employment difficulties
At present, China is still in the transition period from planned economy to market economy. The adjustment of economic and industrial structure is not only difficult for college students to find jobs, but also exists in the whole society.
The domestic employment structure is generally unbalanced. First, the geographical imbalance. China has a vast territory and uneven population concentration. The regional differences of various factors obviously determine the differences of employment situation in different regions of China, so the demand for talents also shows certain regional differences. Second, the structural contradictions are prominent, and the buyer's market is formed. It is difficult to fundamentally solve long-term and short-term professional contradictions for a while. There are obvious differences in employment optimism in different disciplines and professional directions.
The development of university education is relatively slow, which is far behind the pace of economic system reform and development in terms of specialty setting, textbook updating, teacher training and student training mode.
Psychological factors of college students' employment difficulties
Insufficient professional ability. Mainly reflected in the imperfect knowledge structure, incomplete professional knowledge, low comprehensive skills (especially low scientific research ability, innovation ability and ability to solve practical problems) and lack of multi-functional level.
The ability to choose a job is not high. The specific manifestations are: (1) lack of objective, systematic and scientific understanding of self, and often overestimate their abilities. The performance is as follows: the expectation of choosing a job is high, and the selection criteria are whether the treatment is generous, the transportation is convenient, and the housing is spacious. They are unwilling to undertake hard work and work in underdeveloped areas and primary schools. (2) In the process of choosing an employment unit, it is obviously passive and random, lacking in scientificity and initiative; Mainly manifested in the low evaluation of their own quality and employment competitiveness, dare not take the initiative to sell themselves to employers, dare not take the initiative to participate in employment competition, and fall into the predicament of self-failure. (3) The ability of obtaining career information and screening career goals is not strong. Vanity and luck often make them change their original goals and adopt unrealistic herd behavior. (4) The ability of career planning is still lacking. Few people make a detailed exploration of themselves, make clear their quality, strength, personal characteristics, abilities, interests, study, working methods and preferences for the working environment, and make decisions and plans accordingly.
In addition, personality characteristics are imperfect, such as poor tolerance for employment setbacks, lack of competitive enterprising spirit, poor cooperative risk-taking ability, low independence, blind obedience and dependence.
Third, form a reasonable knowledge structure and increase employment chips.
With the increasing pressure of social employment competition, the "threshold" of employment is getting higher and higher, and "lack of knowledge" and "lack of ability" are the main factors that lead to the inadaptability of college students' work. Faced with this situation, college students should fully understand the role of knowledge structure in job hunting, shape themselves, develop themselves and establish a reasonable knowledge structure according to the development needs of modern society, so as to increase their chips in employment.
Knowledge structure refers to the composition and combination of a person's knowledge system. Reasonable knowledge structure mainly has the following three modes:
Pagoda-type knowledge structure. This knowledge structure model emphasizes the generosity and solidity of basic theory and the profundity of professional knowledge, and it is easier to concentrate all knowledge on the professional knowledge at the top of the pagoda and connect with the career choice goal.
Network knowledge structure. This structure can make professional knowledge at the center of the network and attach importance to the auxiliary role of systematic knowledge related to the specialty. Graduates with this knowledge structure can enhance the flexibility and adaptability of their professional knowledge and are often favored in the job market.
Curtain knowledge structure The specific meaning of this structure is that a specific social organization has a general requirement for its members in the knowledge structure, and as individual members of the organization, there are some differences in the knowledge structure due to different levels. The enlightenment to our graduates is that in the process of finding a job, we should not only pay attention to the requirements of job seekers' knowledge structure as a whole, but also understand the position and level of the chosen job in the enterprise, so as to adjust our knowledge structure and enhance the adaptability when choosing a job.
A person's knowledge structure should be dynamic and can be adjusted according to social needs to maintain the flexibility of knowledge structure. For example, a student's original major is office automation, which emphasizes the operation and management of computers. When he saw that the society had a high demand for computer software development talents, he adjusted his knowledge structure in time, learned the basic principles of various computer languages, and tried to develop some application software, which was welcomed by employers when he graduated.
Modern society requires graduates to have a wide range of knowledge, know more knowledge and be competent in many aspects of work. Some graduates are eager to set foot in many fields and learn a lot of knowledge, but they are knowledgeable but not expert. Although they seem to know everything on the surface, in fact, their hearts are weak and their abilities are not very competitive. As a result, they got nothing.
On the one hand, learning from books, on the other hand, learning from practice, is the correct way to establish a reasonable knowledge structure. In the process of establishing a reasonable knowledge structure, we should constantly adjust our knowledge, on the one hand, we should update our knowledge to prevent it from aging; On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the goal and prevent the proportion of knowledge irrelevant to one's professional direction from being too large, thus reducing one's professional post ability.
Fourth, do a good job orientation and laugh at the workplace life.
As the saying goes, "those who have no ambition always yearn for it, while those who have ambition always yearn for it", and college students should establish a clear career orientation before looking for a job. Career orientation is to determine one's career direction and goals on the basis of self-knowledge, and make corresponding plans, so as to avoid blindness in employment, reduce the possibility of employment failure, and provide the most effective ways and methods for individuals to achieve career success.
To do a good job orientation, we must:
Know yourself. Correctly evaluate your core values, personality characteristics, talents, defects, personality, temperament, interests, etc. And ask yourself what you want to do and what you can do. Find out your abilities in all aspects, know your strengths and weaknesses, and choose to infer the possible future work direction according to the experience of other applicants, so as to completely solve the problem of "what can I do?"
Know your occupation. Including work content, knowledge requirements, skills requirements, experience requirements, personality requirements, work environment, work roles, etc. Carefully analyze and compare the gap between yourself and the professional requirements, carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of choosing different goals according to your own characteristics, and determine the final plan to achieve the goals according to your own realistic conditions.
In a word, if every graduate wants to find a job that suits his ideal, he should define his career orientation before looking for a job, fully combine his personality characteristics and hobbies, and seriously think about what he wants to do, what he can do, which professional field he is engaged in and which direction he is going to develop, so as to avoid blindness and missed opportunities when applying for a job.
In today's turbulent tide of reform, the society provides many opportunities, and every opportunity is a tempering and choice to find the position that suits you best. I wish every college student can find the position that suits him best.