Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as "Anji Bridge", is located about 40 kilometers southeast of Shijiazhuang and 2.5 kilometers south of Zhaoxian. It spans the north and south banks of Lianshui, and was built from the first year to the eleventh year of Sui Daye (605-6 16) and supervised by craftsman Li Chun. It has a history of 1300 years. Because the bridge body is made of stone, it is commonly known as "Dashiqiao".
Zhao Zhouqiao has a novel structure and beautiful appearance, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters and a span of 37.37 meters. It is a single-hole arch bridge composed of 28 independent arches. There are two small circular arches on the left and right sides of the bridge top, which are used to speed up flood discharge, reduce the weight of the bridge body and save stone. This is a pioneering work in the history of bridge construction. The guardrail posts on both sides of the bridge deck are carved with various exquisite patterns, with vigorous knives and vivid shapes. Structurally, the curved flat arch and the small arch with shoulders give people a sense of movement that is big and light and eager to fly. The lines are both rigid and soft, lighter than hidden, and meaningful and magnificent. On the main vault, there is a Longmen stone carved with a faucet, and the side of the bridge is dotted with a face stone of eight petals lotus. These statues convey the hope that the bridge will not be destroyed by water and will exist forever. Zhao Zhouqiao occupies a very important position in the history of bridges at home and abroad, and has a far-reaching influence on the bridge architecture in China.
Zhao Zhouqiao's greatest scientific contribution is to create an "open-shouldered arch", which is the first time in the history of bridges in the world. Four parallel small holes are built on the two shoulders of the big arch, which not only increases the water passage, saves the stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also facilitates the passive pressure of the small arch on the big arch and enhances the stability of the bridge. This has effectively ensured that Anji Bridge has withstood numerous floods, eight major earthquakes and the heavy weight of vehicles in the history of 1400 years, and still stands upright on the river.
The application of Zhao Zhouqiao's "open-shouldered arch" is the first time in the world bridge history. 1883, Antoinette railway bridge built by France on Argo River started the construction of long-span open-shouldered arch bridge in Europe, but it was later than Anji Bridge 1400 years ago. Western scholars admit that the open-shouldered arch building of Anji Bridge has become the ancestor of many modern reinforced concrete bridges, which has opened a generation of bridge style.
Zhao Zhouqiao is known as "the first bridge in the world" and "the miracle of the world" for its extraordinary characteristics. On March 4th, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) announced that Zhao Zhouqiao was the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. On September 4th, 199 1 was selected as the12nd "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by American Society of Civil Engineers. On the east side of the north end of the bridge, there is a bronze medal monument of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument", which is famous far and wide.
Zhao Zhouqiao is another treasure of architectural art, which spans the river like a rainbow and is magnificent. On the arc-shaped flat main arch line, there are four small arches lying symmetrically, like four huge jade rings, dotted on the two shoulders of the bridge. The giant body is ethereal and the lines are bright. In the grandeur, it reveals a magnificent and light aesthetic feeling. An imaginary water-absorbing beast was created at the top of the bridge, which placed people's good wishes that the bridge would not be damaged by water and exist for a long time. All kinds of dragons, animal faces, flower ornaments, bamboo joints, etc. There are carvings on fences and sentries, among which dragons are the most exquisite. The dragon is either entrenched in the game or landed in the water, unpredictable and its expression is extremely moving. The carving method is vigorous and powerful, and the artistic style is novel and bold. 199 1 year, the American Society of Civil Engineers selected Zhao Zhouqiao, China as the 12 civil engineering milestone in international history, which added new glory to the stone arch bridge in China.
Zhao Zhouqiao was built in the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (605 ~ 6 16), designed and built by the famous craftsman Li Chun. It is the oldest open-shouldered stone arch bridge in the world. The main arch of Zhao Zhouqiao is composed of 28 arch pieces, with a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters. Four symmetrical small arches are added to the back of the main arch. This bridge construction method not only saves materials and reduces the dead weight of the bridge, but also increases the drainage flow of the river under the bridge and weakens the influence on the bridge. Adding an arch to the arch makes the bridge look exquisite and beautiful, which is indeed an epoch-making initiative in the history of bridge construction in the world.
Ancient Zhao Zhouqiao (also known as Anji Bridge), which "swallowed Zhao", is located in the throat of military strategists. Pedestrians and horses with rafts on their shoulders worked day and night. In addition, earthquakes and wars have repeatedly destroyed it. Since the Tang Dynasty, it has been restored eight times. The Zhao Zhouqiao we are seeing now is a comprehensive renovation from 1953 to 1958 after the founding of New China, which is also the largest restoration project since the bridge was built 300 years ago.
/kloc-for more than 0/000 years, it has won the world's amazement with its peculiar architectural art. Zhang, a minister in the Tang Dynasty, exclaimed in the inscription of Dashiqiao that "nature is strange and people don't know why". Liang Sicheng, a famous modern ancient architect, said that the structure of Zhao Zhouqiao "adopts a way of knowing engineering mechanics very well and extremely economical and intelligent control. ..... showing a very modern and progressive engineering spirit, which is amazing. " 199 1 year, American society of civil engineers selected Zhao Zhouqiao as "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument".
Huangqiao Hu tong
Most famous towns and ancient towns have one thing in common: many alleys. It can be said that the alley constitutes the town, and the alley is the bone and blood of the town. The deeper the alley, the more winding and mottled it is. The longer the town, the deeper the historical precipitation.
There are as many as 72 alleys in huangqiao town, Taixing City, Jiangsu Province, and all of them have names, which is enough to show that this town is not small. Huang, a famous literary critic, described this in his essay "Homesickness": "When I was young, there were many alleys in the town. All the alleys had names, whether elegant or vulgar, or empty or real, which generally conveyed a little historical flavor of the town and showed its cultural color." Most of the 72 hutongs are named after single names and surnames. The single name is Mixiang, Zhuxiang, Kouxiang and Huoxiang ... The surnames are Sunjiaxiang, Luojiaxiang and Wang Jiaxiang ... It makes sense to call the alley, which is narrow and not more than 3 meters wide, and cars are not allowed to pass.
Most of the alleys in Huangqiao are paved with a yellow stone, so it is still possible to walk. There are many people later, which is very inconvenient. So the stone was peeled off and covered with sand, cement precast blocks and asphalt according to the changes of the times. The road is getting better and better, but it is extremely uncoordinated with the alley landscape and loses harmony.
When I went back to my hometown two years ago, to my surprise, the alley was paved with antique granite, and the buildings on both sides were decorated according to the principle of repairing the old as before. Old street lamps make people have infinite reverie. In famous alleys like Zhuxiang and Mixiang, tall ancient archways were built at the entrance, and reliefs composed of 13 lane names with different fonts were designed at the entrance. These landscapes add more footnotes to the Millennium ancient town.
Many places of interest in the town are hidden in alleys. The alley is like a line, strung together pearls such as Ding Wenjiang's former residence, Ding Xilin's former residence, the Millennium Temple Fuhui Temple, the Ho ancestral hall and the library, which witnessed the prosperity and noise of the alley in the past. Huangqiao is close to Jiangyan, Rugao and Jingjiang. In modern times, it is called "the thoroughfare of four counties" because it is "high in the east, entering the city in the west, connecting Jisha in the south and Beihai Mausoleum in the north". At that time, Chen Yi and Su Yu lived in the rice lane of Huangqiao, commanding the "Huangqiao decisive battle" that shocked China and foreign countries; The famous "Huangqiao sesame seed cake" is also fragrant all over the country from the depths of 72 Lane.
Wandering in the alley, looking out, I saw the walls and eaves meet, row after row. There are small buildings and two floors. You can't see the mystery from the outside. Want to know how long the alley is, just look at the degree of wear and tear of the threshold, and the threshold that has been ground into a meniscus tells people how many vicissitudes it has experienced; To know the prosperity of the alley, just look at the rows of couch doors. Behind it are the famous enterprises in Sanjiang: Lao Baocheng, Ren Yuansheng, and Delicious ... If you want to know the alley yesterday, you can use it as a thread-bound book to taste the traces and breath left by history. Alleys lead to secluded places. You can look for ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jingui and Mela, the famous Dingjiayuan, Niu Hao Ximachi, Gu Xiaozi's tomb and other places of interest along the alley.
Night is the time when the city shows its charm, but it becomes quiet in a small town. At this time, the alley has its own interest. The lights of every household are not very bright, and the short street lamps have become the watchers of the alleys. Alleys are like loudspeakers, exaggerating your footsteps and the occasional noise made by residents. "Rain Lane" is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for poets. Rainwater gathers on the dripping tiles of the eaves and falls down, which looks like rain lines, but in fact it is like beaded raindrops. Rain drops on the stagnant water, big beads jingle, small beads jingle, seamless, like the sound of nature.
Compared with the spacious streets, the alleys of Huangqiao are getting worse every year, because Huangqiao is no longer limited to small towns, famous towns and ancient towns, and is developing towards the goal of small cities. The main street of Huangqiao is no different from the city, and its architectural style tends to be urbanized. The only thing that can still reflect the quaint style of the town is the alley. Alleys are the connotation of small towns. The more historical, cultural and humanistic connotations there are, the more tasty, chewy and interesting the town will be. In this regard, the preservation, protection and repair of Huangqiao Hutong in the ancient town has become the key to the sustainability of the reputation of "Millennium Ancient Town".
On one side of the bridge
In the dead of night, when there is no one, there is always a voice whispering: What is a bridge? Is it just an enlarged bench? I know this is the restless mind asking questions, and the imaginative brain is spinning at high speed. In this pluralistic world, everything is similar. After thinking for a long time, the gurgling water of the soul brings the answer: water is also a bridge.
Water is a bridge for homesickness. Apart from gold, silver and jewels, the most indispensable thing for the beautiful Zhaojun to get married is the Xiangxi stream, which gave her the face of a wild goose and the gentleness and persistence like water. Several times, with the moonlit night, she returned empty-handed and secretly shed tears in the distance. A long-married aunt can no longer go to the stream to wash gauze and wash her long hair like a cloud with her maid. "The desert is lonely, and the long river falls in yen." No maid in Xiangxi is as close as flesh and blood, and no maid in the Great Wall is a close partner. She was secretly sad at the bottle in the stream, lost her mind and shed tears on the homesick bridge built by the stream.
Water is a bridge of friendship. Is thousands of feet Peach Blossom Pond still the same? The friendship between Li Bai and Wang Lun has been deposited so far, and I can't forget the affectionate eyes of my friends who are still saying goodbye and the tacit understanding that can't be expressed in words. Is there anything unhappy? Raise a glass and have a drink with friends. Bring me my shadow and let's have three drinks alone, which makes people feel sad. The self-drinking of sad people in the distance makes people feel heartache. This bridge of friendship makes "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor" a reality. Even if you are far away in Qian Shan, there are people who bless and pray for you. The pool remains the same, and the friendship is getting deeper and deeper. A page of white paper sends you homesickness, and a letter from Hong Fei reminds us of the deep feeling like a pool of water forever.
Water is the bridge of love. A few drops of nectar that Daiyu owed Baoyu in her last life became a bridge for their marriage in this life and interpreted a touching love story. It is this bridge that has created the love of lovers, making them go around the mountains and protect the water like water, ignoring the secular vision, walking out of the dream of heaven, going to hell and looking for a real home. They don't love Jinshan in the south, Yinshan in the west and Tongshan in the east, but prefer the lonely one in the north.
Standing on this little-known bridge, I feel like a long and touching history book, which makes me think deeply and deeply. ...