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What are the pioneering civilizations of Yi and Donghu people?
There are three ancient tribes in the northeast of China, one of which is the Yi nationality, which is called "Bai", "Milli" or "legal person" in ancient literature and is formed by the confluence of Yi nationality and Yi nationality. During the Xia and Shang dynasties, it was widely distributed in the vast areas from Liaodong Peninsula in the south to the middle reaches of Songhua River Basin in the north. The northeast is connected with the Sioux protoss.

As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yi was a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty. Later, most of them moved to the northeast. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Yi people engaged in agriculture, fishing and hunting, and millet was the main food of the Yi people. At this time, the Yi people entered the late primitive society and lived a settled life.

Yi nationality is a nomadic people of Altai language family in Mongolian grassland. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, they established the first tribal country in Songnen Plain, namely "Guo State".

The northern branch of Yi nationality is Suoli nationality, which raises pigs, horses and cattle and is good at hunting. Suoli people live in Songnen Plain, east of Nenjiang River and north of Songhua River. Zhaoyuan Baijinbao Site in the lower reaches of Nenjiang River is a cultural relic of Suoli people.

At this time, private ownership and social hierarchy appeared in the society that separated people, and it has entered the threshold of civilized society.

After Dong Ming, a member of the Suoli clan, became king, he announced that he would no longer use clan names such as Guo and Suoli, but adopted Panba as the clan name. Fuyu refers to Fuyu people, which means common wild ducks. Fuyu people take wild ducks as totems.

At that time, the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains translated "Fuyu" into "Fuyu" and later changed it to "Fuyu". The Han Dynasty was under the jurisdiction of Xuantu County, and it was changed to Gongsun's family in Liaodong at the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms. The Jin Dynasty was managed by a captain from Dongyi. In the Han Dynasty, Canghai County was located in a place that people praised.

Later, it was discovered by archaeology that Fuyu in Songyuan, Jilin Province in the south and Nenjiang River Basin in Angangxi District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province in the north were the birthplaces of ancient Fuyu civilization. Zhaoyuanwang Haitun site, Dulbert official site and Fuyu Xiaodengke site all belong to Fuyu cultural sites.

The center of Fuyu nationality lives in Nong 'an, Jilin Province. In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Fuyu nationality experienced several changes, and most of them merged with the descendants of Donghu, Sushen, Koguryo and Han people.

Human culture is Xituanshan culture. Xituanshan, located in Huangqitun, Jilin City, Jilin Province, is a primitive social and cultural site 3,000 years ago.

Xituanshan culture is a unique primitive cultural relic in kanto region, which represents the stage of agriculture from slash-and-burn to hoeing, and its social nature is the transitional stage from patriarchal society to class society.

Later unearthed sarcophagus tombs were divided into masonry and masonry, both of which were buried below the surface of the hillside, and the ground was not sealed. The funerary objects include stone tools, pottery and toothware, mainly all kinds of living and production utensils. The stone tools are all ground, such as trowel, axe, knife and hairpin. Pottery includes cups, jars, bottles, spinning wheels and net pendants. Ornaments include white stone tube, wild boar teeth and so on.

Donghu is one of the three oldest ethnic groups in northeast China. It is an ancient nomadic people named after living in the east of Xiongnu. Donghu is a tribal alliance, including tribes of the same nationality but different names at that time.

As early as the Shang Dynasty, the activities of Donghu people were recorded. In the early years of Shang Dynasty, he lived in the north of Shang Dynasty.

The name "East Lake" was first found in Yizhoushu, an ancient book in the pre-Qin period, which mentioned that "Huangpi Mountain in East Lake is a glorious place".

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Donghu lived in the north of Yan State and had frequent contacts with Yan State and Zhao State. During the Warring States Period, Donghu lived in the northern part of Yan and Zhao. During this period, Donghu was the most powerful, known as "200 thousand serial control", and went south to the Central Plains many times. Later, Yan drove away and was forced to move to the upper reaches of Houliao River, Laoha River and Xilamulun River.

In 206 BC, Donghu was defeated by the Xiongnu Modu Khan, and the rest lived in Wuhuan Mountain and Xianbei Mountain, forming the later Wuhuan and Xianbei ethnic groups. Since then, the name East Lake has disappeared from history.

Donghu culture is a kind of fusion culture, which belongs to the upper culture of Xiajiadian in general. Xiajiadian upper culture is one of the important sites of ancient culture in China. Later, it was found in Xiajiadian, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. According to archaeological practice, it is named after the place of discovery.

Judging from the unearthed artifacts, the pottery-making skills of Xiajiadian's upper culture are obviously skilled, and there are also many Ge, spear, dagger, cymbal, decorative board and bronze wares buried with them. Therefore, the upper culture of Xiajiadian is considered to belong to the late Bronze Age. The upper culture of Xiajiadian is distributed in the Xilamulun River basin and its south area, which was once more southwest, consistent with the activity scope of East Lake.

The predecessor of Xiajiadian upper culture is Fuhe culture distributed in the Xilamulun River basin. Fuhe culture is a Neolithic culture discovered in the Wujimulun River basin in the north of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. About 5300 years ago, it belongs to the economic form of forest and grass.

Fuhe culture is the representative of East Lake culture, and its cultural characteristics are: the shape of pottery is simple, and the surface color of pottery is brown, mostly yellowish brown, followed by taupe. The pattern is zigzag, and the stone tools are mostly large chopping tools, with regular shape and exquisite production, and there are many arrow-shaped fine stone tools, which belong to a nomadic hunting culture.

The existence of this culture and its relationship with the upper culture of Xiajiadian prove that the activities of the ancestors of East Lake in the area of Xilamulun River have a long history.

Later, archaeologists discovered many East Lake sites in the Laoha River basin in the northeast. Most of the funerary objects and weapons unearthed are bronze products, which shows that Donghu is in the bronze age. The unearthed bronze dagger with double curved blades is completely different from the bronze dagger in the Central Plains, with regional and ethnic characteristics, and is a typical relic of Donghu in its early days.

In addition, the bronze ornaments and bronze plaques with human faces unearthed in Chaoyang, Liaoning Province are also considered as the early relics of Donghu with typical characteristics.

Later, a batch of bronze wares of Donghu people were unearthed in Nanshan Root, Ningcheng, Chifeng. Among them, the most distinctive bronze dagger has the characteristics of two curved edges, but some edges have become straight. The blade of Xiongnu sword is generally linear, which shows that the early culture of Donghu was influenced by Xiongnu culture.

The unearthed animal bones include pigs, dogs, sheep, horses, deer and rabbits. It shows that the animal husbandry in East Lake was very developed at that time, and it was also hunting. Unearthed farmers have stone hoes, shovels, etc., indicating that agriculture also developed at that time, but it did not necessarily occupy an important position in the social economy.