The Soviet-German War is also known as the Soviet Patriotic War. During World War II, in June of 194 1, the Germans invaded the Soviet Union flagrantly, and the Soviet people rose up to resist. After a bloody battle, the myth that the Germans were invincible was shattered until the Soviet army attacked Berlin. Together with the anti-fascist countries and people all over the world, the Soviet Union finally forced Germany to surrender unconditionally on May 8, 1945. In order to distinguish Russia's "Great Patriotic War" against Napoleon's aggression1813 (Russian: отечествен)/KLOC. The Soviet army lost its division and territory. In just 10 days, the Germans broke into the Soviet Union for 600 kilometers. On the first day of the battle, the Soviets lost 1200 planes, 800 of which were blown up before taking off. Hitler boasted that the Soviet Union would be destroyed in three months. At the beginning of the Baltic War, all fronts of the Soviet Union were in chaos. On the northwest front, the Soviet troops retreated 450 kilometers in two weeks and abandoned the Baltic coast. 24 Soviet divisions were wiped out, and 20 divisions lost 60% of their personnel and equipment. Minsk, the capital of Belarus, fell. The western front is not much better. Soviet troops retreated 350 kilometers, 30 divisions were annihilated, and 70 divisions lost more than 50% of their personnel. In the battle of Kiev, the Soviet army captured 600 thousand, and the southern front of the Soviet army was even worse. 194 1 On August 25th, 2000, the battle of Kiev failed, and 600,000 Soviet troops surrendered and were captured. The soldiers panicked, gave up their positions and ran away. The southwest army of the Soviet Union lost 700,000 people. Yakov dzhugashvili, Stalin's eldest son, was the company commander of the 14 armored tank division. On July 16, he was captured with thousands of officers and men near Vibsk. The Red Army soldiers voluntarily surrendered to the Germans. Ukraine fell, and the Germans went straight to Dnieper. On September 15, the Germans surrounded the main force of the Soviet Southwest Army in the Lokhvica area (Ukraine). A few Soviet troops broke through 10 days, and the whole army was wiped out by more than 450 thousand people, including 60 thousand officers. Kirponos, commander of the Southwest Army, and Tupikov, chief of staff, were killed. The Germans occupied the whole territory of Ukraine. In the first four months of the war, the number of Soviet troops lost was 194 1. More than 650,000 people were lost from June to July, more than 690,000 people were lost in August, and more than 490,000 people were lost in September. The Germans have mastered the air superiority. From June to September, the Soviet army lost 8 166 fighters, accounting for 96% of the total number of Soviet fighters when the war broke out. Soviet troops collectively shot soldiers and executed generals. In order to prevent officers and men from escaping and surrendering, the Soviet high command ordered the 24th Army to collectively shoot more than 600 Red Army soldiers at one time. 1941July, the Moscow military court sentenced four Soviet generals to death and immediately executed them: General Pavlov, commander of the nationalist army; Major General kerimov Schicci, chief of staff of the nationalist army; Major-General Grigorija Fu, communication and liaison director of the Northwest Army; Major General Korobkov, Commander of the Fourth Army. 1956, the general staff of the Soviet Union rehabilitated the above four people and revoked the charges of "fear of death" and "command error" imposed on them. 1941-1942, 47 senior generals above Soviet Major General disappeared, most of them were killed, a few were tortured in German concentration camps, and the survivors were examined and shot. From 65438 to 0943, the Soviet Union detained and examined more than 930,000 people, including 580,000 soldiers and 340,000 civilians. The fall of Crimea and the coastal areas of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea, Stalin's suppression of Soviet officers and soldiers did not achieve the goal of preventing the Soviet defeat. After the Germans occupied Ukraine, they moved on. 1On May 8th, 942, the Germans, whose numbers and forces were not half that of the Soviets, launched an attack on the coast of Osiya Bay in the Philippines. The Soviets' improper command led to a great tragedy. During the period of 12 days, the Sukrimu army suffered more than170,000 casualties, losing 347 tanks, 3,476 cannons and 400 planes. The Germans occupied the above areas with fewer victories. After the defeat of Clim, Marshal Culic and General Goldov were arrested, tried and executed. 1957 rehabilitate them and restore their ranks. The Central Committee of the Soviet Union held that they should not be held responsible for the command error. 1942 in may, the Soviet kharkov was defeated, with 230,000 casualties, 775 tanks and more than 5,000 cannons. The number of Soviet prisoners Hitler threatened in194111that "all I need to say is the number of prisoners, which is enough to show the victory of this war. We captured 3.6 million people in less than half a year. " The number of Soviet prisoners of war in World War II in western academic circles is 1, 946,5438+0 June-1April. The Germans captured 5 1 600,000 Soviet troops, and about 3 million people started fighting for half a year. Hitler's figures are a bit exaggerated. In Leningrad, 654.38 million residents starved to death, 65.438+0.946,5438+0 July-65.438+0.944 August. Forty German divisions besieged Leningrad for 900 days, but the Soviets could not break through the siege. Only 1 10,000 residents starved to death, and countless people died of gunfire! The scorched earth war of resistance1941117. Stalin ordered the Soviet army to carry out the scorched earth war of resistance, used artillery and rockets, and dispatched the air force to destroy residential areas 40-60 kilometers deep on both sides of the border road, organized squads and set fire to villages and cities, where there were no Germans. People were displaced, hundreds of thousands of people died, and the Soviet people suffered another disaster. The Soviets stopped the enemy's attack and the losses of the Soviet Union. The Germans broke through the Soviet four defense lines four times, arrived at the gates of Moscow and ran to Stalingrad. After 5 15 days of bitter fighting, the Soviet army finally stopped the large-scale strategic attack of the German army at the end of 1 942, 1 654,38+0, which led to a historic turning point in the anti-fascist war. At this point, the Soviet Union fell from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Caucasus in the east and the Black Sea coast in the south, and the whole fertile European plain was occupied by the Germans. In the Soviet Union, 1700 towns were destroyed, more than 70,000 villages were burned, more than 30,000 industrial enterprises and 65,000 kilometers of railways were blown up, and 654.38+million collective farms and state-owned farms were in ruins, resulting in economic losses of 700 billion rubles. The death toll of the Soviet Union in World War II was 27 million, of which 6.5438+million people died after being shot and killed. During the period of 1944, the Soviet Union attacked the Germans ten times in a row, driving them all out of the country and fighting in Southeast Europe. With the cooperation of the local people's armed struggle, the Soviet Union overthrew the fascist regimes of various countries and wiped out the Germans in its territory. At the beginning of 1945, the Soviet army launched a powerful offensive on all fronts, captured East Prutu and Silesia, and approached the German capital Berlin. On April 16, the Soviets launched the final attack and conquered Berlin on May 2. Germany surrendered on May 8th. The Soviet-German war is over.

Edit the background of this paragraph.

Domestic situation in the Soviet Union

19 17, the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolshevik) led by Lenin won the October Revolution, established the first and only socialist country in the world, and withdrew from World War I. However, the newly-born Soviet regime was unstable, and several years of civil war soon began. Allies such as Britain and France have also published official posters: Motherland-Mother is calling!

At first, there was a large-scale armed intervention in Soviet Russia, but not long after, Russian rebels and foreign intervention forces completely failed. Nevertheless, as semi-defeated countries in World War I, the Soviet Union and Russia lost a large number of territories once occupied by Russia. Coupled with the civil war and the interference of foreign forces, the Soviet Union in the early days of the Soviet regime was extremely weak. 1922, the Soviet union was founded, and western countries such as Britain, France and the United States still took a hostile attitude towards it. 1924 After Lenin's death, Stalin mastered the supreme leadership of the Soviet Union and stabilized his power by brutally suppressing dissidents. But at the same time, the Soviet Union has gradually become a major industrial power in the world. At the end of 1930, after more than ten years of large-scale economic construction, the Soviet Union's industrial output value has surpassed Germany and reached the first place in Europe, but the people's living standards and production quality in the Soviet Union are not as good as those in western industrialized countries.

The relationship between the Soviet Union and Germany

In the 1930s, the German fascist regime led by Adolf Hitler rose rapidly, while western countries such as Britain, France and the United States have been taking measures to safeguard their own interests, avoiding the damage to the German Empire, which is undergoing rapid military expansion, and trying to lead Germany, which they consider a disaster, to the Soviet Union. When the European War was overcast, Stalin was extremely disappointed with the compromise between Britain and France. He announced that he would stop the military alliance negotiations with Britain and France and turn to the Nazi German Empire to realize his own interests. At the same time, Germany should first seek to stabilize the Soviet Union, because it avoids fighting on the East and West fronts at the same time. At this time, the Soviet Union and Germany began to approach each other. At this time, the German Empire, the Soviet Union and Europe, which were regarded by the western society as the most powerful autocratic countries, abandoned the ideological gap that the western countries considered insurmountable because of political reality and signed the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty (Molotov-ribbentrop Treaty). The treaty includes a "secret subsidiary protocol" (the Soviet Union has always denied the existence of the agreement), which divides the spheres of influence of the two countries in Poland, the Baltic States, Finland and other countries in Eastern Europe. At that time, the world's third largest country (the world's largest country is the British Empire, and the second largest country is France), the world's second largest industrial country made peace with Germany, leaving Britain and France alone to face the powerful fascist Germany and can only swallow the bitter fruit planted by their appeasement policy.

The relationship between the Soviet Union and Japan

In the Far East, Russia and Japan fought a Russo-Japanese war in the northeast of China for the two countries. Russia was defeated, lost some rights and interests in Northeast China, ceded South Sakhalin Island, and lost Lushun, the only ice-free port in the Pacific Ocean that had been painstakingly managed for a long time. At the beginning of the establishment of the Soviet regime, the Soviet Union's power in the Far East contracted and the Far East Republic was established. Japan participated in the armed intervention of the new regime and occupied a large area of the Soviet Union and Russia in the Far East, but was soon expelled from the country by the Red Army. Since then, the relationship between the Soviet Union and Japan has continued to be tense. In the relations with China, Lenin believed that the territory of China occupied by Russia should be returned to China, and promised to give up all the China territory and Chinese concession seized by Russia. But after Stalin came to power, the Soviet Union withdrew this promise. 192 1 and 1924, Tangnu Lianghai and Outer Mongolia separated from China, and the Soviet Union gradually took actual control of these two areas. From 65438 to 0929, the Middle East Road incident occurred between China and the Soviet Union, which led to the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations. 193 1 year, the Japanese invaded northeast China, and the Soviet Union remained neutral. 1937 After the formal war between China and Japan, China requested international assistance, and the Soviet Union believed that its Far East border was threatened by Japan. After the Sino-Soviet Non-aggression Treaty was signed, the Soviet Union began to provide large-scale assistance to China and sent aviation personnel to participate in China's war against Japan. The Soviet Union became China's main aid country at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War. 1938 and 1939, the Zhanggufeng incident and Nomenkan incident broke out between the Soviet Union and Japan due to the Manchukuo border issue, and the Soviet Union invaded the Japanese army in an all-round way. In order to avoid war between the two sides, in 194 1, the Soviet Union signed the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan under the condition of very tense relations between the Soviet Union and Germany. This treaty not only stipulated non-aggression, but also recognized each other's actual interests in outer Mongolia and Manchuria, and the Soviet Union suspended most of its aid to China.

Initial situation

After the outbreak of World War II, the fascist Germans quickly swept through Central Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe and the Balkans. 194 1 year, Germany controlled human and material resources in Europe 16 countries, including France, western Poland, the Netherlands and Norway. At this time, only Britain was fighting alone against the fascist Axis. When the Germans swept across Europe, Stalin saw that such a powerful Germany would inevitably threaten the national security of the Soviet Union, and he began to take a series of measures to prevent Germany: he planned to move the heavy industry and military industry of the Soviet Union to the east of the Ural Mountain (урал); Peace talks with Germany to avoid stimulating Germany; Stabilize eastern Japan and sign a neutral treaty with Japan; Establish the "East Line", increase the strategic depth and so on. In a series of preparatory measures of the Soviet Union, the establishment of the Eastern Front is the most controversial. In the process of establishing the Eastern Front, the Soviet Union occupied about 600,000 square kilometers of land according to the secret clause in the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty, and quickly pushed Finland, Romania and other countries to their own opposites, which was also universally condemned by all countries in the world. And in fact, the eastern front played a very limited role in the war. In Germany, the smooth progress of the war on the western front was only due to the desperate resistance of Britain by virtue of its maritime superiority, which made Hitler feel that he had the opportunity to free up his hands against the Soviet Union, a great eastern country. The misjudgment of the Soviet Union by German intelligence agencies also made Hitler think that the Soviet Union was a very easy country to deal with, and he began to make plans to invade the Soviet Union, code-named "Unternehmen Barbarossa". Barbarossa's plan is to concentrate a large number of troops and use "blitzkrieg" to carry out rapid and far-reaching assaults from several directions, and occupy the Soviet capital Moscow (москва) and Leningrad, the second and third largest city in the Soviet Union (ленин). в, киев) and so on. Destroy the main force of the Soviet Red Army in the western part of the Soviet Union, then March into the hinterland of the Soviet Union, and arrive in Arkhangelsk (арханел) six months after the introduction of the Barbarossa Plan, without the Soviet Union's knowledge. On May 194 1, a military parade was held in Moscow's Red Square to commemorate the International Labor Day. Although spies from Britain and other countries and the Soviet Union repeatedly reported to Stalin that Germany would attack the Soviet Union in the summer of 194 1, Stalin believed that before the Anglo-German war was known, Germany. He even suspected that this was fabricated by British spies in order to pull the Soviet Union into the trap of fighting against Germany. In addition, according to Russian scholar Boris Dimovic sokolov (борсвадимовичсоко). (200 1) Stalin also had a "thunderstorm plan" to attack Germany (операция "гроза). It can be seen that Stalin was completely unprepared for Germany's attack plan. However, Stalin's judgment was wrong. The worst war in history officially began on June 22nd, 194 1.

Edit the military comparison at the beginning of this paragraph.

At the beginning of the war, the military strength of the two sides was compared: the total strength was 5.5 million in Germany and 5 million in the Soviet Union; the initial direct combat strength was 4.3 million in Germany (including Axis forces) and 2.9 million in the Soviet Union: Germany156th Division 2 Brigade, Soviet Union170th Division 2 Brigade, 4,300 vehicles in Germany and 65,438+new Soviet tanks. A large number of old tanks and artillery: 47,200 in Germany (more than 50 mm), 37,500 in the Soviet Union: 3,880 in Germany, 0/.540 in the Soviet Union, and a large number of old aircraft and warships: 0/.92 in Germany and 396 in the Soviet Union.

Edit the mid-term military comparison in this paragraph.

German

Hitler still has a very large military force in 1943. The total number of Germans reached 9.48 million. Among them, there are 4.25 million field troops, 2.3 million reserve troops, 0.7 million air force/KLOC-0, 780,000 navy and 450,000 armed SS. According to the statistics of April 1, the Germans have 5625 tanks and assault guns. According to the statistics of 1 in March, the number of aircraft on 1 is 6 107. However, after excluding all kinds of reserve forces, a large number of patients in hospitals, naval and air forces and maintenance forces in occupied areas, there are far fewer field troops that Germany can use for the Eastern Front. By the beginning of July, 1943, the Germans and their allies had nearly 4 million regular troops (200 German divisions and 40 allied divisions), about 4,700 self-propelled artillery tanks, 3,665 aircraft and about 40,000 artillery mortars in the Soviet-German battlefield.

Soviet army

Since the war, the Soviet Union has lost 6.5438+0.467 million troops, of which 8-9 million were irrecoverable wounded. However, in April 1943 and 1 day, there were still 84 13000 Soviet troops fighting against Germany, the headquarters reserve of the high command and the alert troops in the far east and southern border areas. By July 1943, the total number of armed forces in the whole Soviet Union, including the mainland military region, had increased to about100000. In addition to the huge army guarding Japan and Turkey (up to nearly 2 million in April), the main force of the Red Army Field Army is used to fight against Germany. On July 1943 and 1 day, the Red Army and the Air Force launched 6,065,900 troops (including 56-5.7 million army troops) in the Soviet-German battlefield. Together with the navy and other troops, the total strength of the Red Army against Germany is 6,665,438+2,000. In July 1943, 1, the Red Army's combat equipment against Germany was as follows: artillery mortars 105000 (including anti-aircraft guns, excluding 50 mm mortars and rockets). According to the model analysis of the Red Army artillery at the beginning of 1943, among the 65,438+10,000 guns, there are about15,000 76mm guns, about 9,0001000 mm guns and about 70,000 mortars. There are about 8000-9000 anti-aircraft guns. Tank self-propelled artillery10199 (9831tank, 368 self-propelled artillery). The data recorded in Fifty Years of Soviet Armed Forces are different. There are 9580 self-propelled tanks, including 6232 medium and heavy artillery and 3348 light artillery. The Red Army's medium and heavy tanks account for only 64% of the total, far less than the German army's 92%. Apart from the 3 1 1 tanks in Finland, the Soviet combat troops have 9888 tanks and self-propelled guns, including the base camp reserve, and 12576 tanks. Among them, 60 vehicles can be relocated 10060 on June 30, and the relocation rate is 80%. It is lower than the mobility rate of 89% of the German armored forces in the same period. Combat aircraft 10252 (including navy and long-range aviation), including 8948 new aircraft. There are 683 1 aircraft directly cooperating with the front-line operations. 950 long-range aviation aircraft. In July, the strategic reserve of the base camp increased to11000, 16782 guns and mortars, 2688 tanks and self-propelled guns and 662 aircraft. The highest organizational form of strategic reserve is the Grassland Military Region. As mentioned earlier, the military region is deployed in the direction of Kursk, forming a defense echelon in depth.

Edit this passage in the German offensive stage.

1941At 3: 30 am on June 22nd, the German army launched a surprise attack on the Soviet army on the 1800 km long front, which started from the Baltic Sea in the north and ended in the Black Sea in the south. It was divided into three army groups: north, middle and south.

. (Beginning of the Barbarossa Plan) The task of the German Central Army Group was to surround the Soviet troops in Belarus (белоруссия) with 50 divisions and 2 brigades, and then attack Moscow, the heart of the Soviet Union. The strength of the Northern Army Group is 29 divisions. на, украина) attacked the territory of Ukraine in the west of Dnieper River (днепре, д). In addition, there are two army groups, Norway and Finland, pointing directly at the north, and carrying out surprise attacks on Murmansk (мурманск) and Leningrad respectively. At the beginning of the war, 66 airports in the western part of the Soviet Union were bombed indiscriminately, and the Soviet Union lost 1200 aircraft for half a day, of which 800 were destroyed at the airport before taking off. Cities, naval and air bases and communication facilities in the western Soviet Union were severely damaged by German aviation, and the command organization of the border military region was basically paralyzed. The Germans advanced 50 to 60 kilometers on the first day of the war. The Soviet National Defense Commission issued an unrealistic order that night when the war situation was unknown, demanding that the border military region launch a fierce counterattack to destroy the invading enemy. This blind command made the situation on the front worse. In the first week of the war, the Germans played very well with the advantages of sudden attack, weapons and equipment, troop mobilization and concentration, and operational experience. The Central Army Group has advanced to Minsk, the capital of Belarus (минск), the vanguard of the Southern Army Group has approached Kiev, and the Northern Army Group has crossed the Wiener River in West Germany. The Soviet Union was caught off guard in the face of the well-prepared German army. Although the Soviet government took urgent measures to change the border military region into an army and set up the Soviet Supreme Command, it failed to make a lot of preparations before the war broke out, so it suffered a serious failure in the early days of the war. Due to outdated Soviet equipment, poor quality of commanders and misjudgment of the enemy's main attack direction, 28 divisions were destroyed at the beginning of the war and more than half of the weapons of 70 divisions were lost. According to statistics released by the west after the war, in the first 18 days of the Soviet-German war, the Soviet Union lost 2,000 columns of arms, 3,000 cannons, 2,000 planes and 1500 tanks, and 300,000 Soviet troops were captured. After the occupation of Minsk, the Germans captured Smolensk (смоленск), surrounded more than a dozen Soviet divisions and cut off the Minsk-Moscow highway, the most important traffic trunk line in the western Soviet Union. At this time, the Germans were only 380 kilometers away from Moscow. At this time, the Germans made a mistake that might have a bearing on the overall situation. The Germans split up a part of the central army group that attacked Moscow, attacked Kiev south, and occupied Ukraine, the granary of the Soviet Union. In the battle of Kiev from midsummer to early autumn, the Soviet army suffered a serious defeat in the defense of Kiev, which not only lost the frontier forces, but also exhausted the reserves used in this direction. Six army groups deployed in Kiev were surrounded, all the leaders of the southwest army were killed and several army commanders were captured. According to the German side, the German side announced that this was the largest annihilation war in history. In September, the northern army group has occupied Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and reached the suburbs of Leningrad. Together with the Finnish army, it completely blocked Leningrad and began a 900-day defense of Leningrad. Although the Germans won a great victory in the north and south, they did not succeed completely in Leningrad on the north road, but missed the best opportunity to attack Moscow and defeat the Soviet Union in one fell swoop in the middle road. At the end of September, the German Central Army Group launched a large-scale attack on Moscow. The code name of this attack is "Unternehmen Taifun". The German troops used in the direction of the typhoon in Moscow reached1.8000, 76 divisions,1.7000 tanks,1.4000 guns and1.4000 aircraft. 1941165438+1Red Square parade on October 7th.

In the depth of more than 300 kilometers west of Moscow, the Soviet army established a multi-channel defense zone with echelon configuration, including three front armies and 1 campaign cluster, 1.25 million troops, ***75 divisions, 990 tanks, 7,600 guns and 677 combat aircraft as defense, and the Soviet the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the National Defense Commission, the High Command and the General Command. The fiercest attack met with the most tenacious resistance. After entering 10, the Soviet Union entered the autumn and winter season, which was very beneficial to the Soviet Union. 165438+1On October 7th, Stalin insisted on holding a military parade in Red Square to commemorate the 24th anniversary of the victory of the October Revolution. After the military parade, the Soviet army went directly to the front. After a bloody battle, the Soviet army resisted the German attack with extremely strong resistance and familiar natural conditions, and turned to counterattack on 194 1 12. 1942 In April, the battle of Moscow ended in the victory of the Soviet Union. This war declared that the Russian-style "cannon doctrine" defeated the German-style "mechanized tank force" tactics. The commander of the Southern Army Group and a large number of senior generals headed by German general guderian, known as the "father of the world tank war", were transferred back to Germany by Hitler and left the eastern battlefield, responsible for the failure of the "Moscow offensive and defensive war". At this time, the Soviet army initially stabilized the situation in the Soviet-German battlefield and disrupted Germany's "Blitzkrieg" plan. However, the Soviet Union's counterattack soon failed in the face of Germany's technological superiority.

Editing this turning point in the war

After the defeat in Moscow, the German army focused on the southern line and concentrated on attacking the Caucasus oil field, the largest oil-producing area in the Soviet Union. 1942 in may, the Soviet offensive in kharkov was defeated by the Germans. 1June, 942, the Germans captured Sevastopol (севастополь), the main port of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet in Crimea (the battle of Sevastopol). Then, he commanded his troops in Stalingrad and Transcaucasia in an attempt to detour Moscow from the southeast, seize the Soviet oil-producing area in Transcaucasia, and cut off the connection between the southern Soviet Union and Moscow. The Soviets lost ground and were forced to turn to defense again. On June 28th, the Germans launched a massive summer offensive in the direction of the Don (дон) prairie, crossed the bend of the Don and captured Rostov (ростовнад). At this time, the Germans made another unforgivable mistake. They divided their forces to attack Stalingrad and the North Caucasus, the Sixth Army attacked Stalingrad (сталинград), and the Fourth Armored Army attacked the Caucasus oil field. At this time, the bloodiest frontal battle of World War II-the Battle of Stalingrad began. During the period of 1942, the national economy of the Soviet Union turned to the wartime track, the military production was restored and developed to a certain extent, the new weapons and equipment provided to the army gradually increased, and the guerrilla movement behind the enemy lines was more extensive. At the same time, the Soviet Union also received strategic materials and weapons and equipment from the United States and Britain. However, from the beginning of 1942 to the summer of 1942, the Soviet army never turned the tide in the Soviet-German battlefield, and the situation was favorable to Germany. 1942 In late July, the Battle of Stalingrad started. Germany's elite sixth army advanced in the direction of Stalingrad. At the beginning of the campaign, the Soviet defense force in Stalin's direction was weak. In desperation, the Soviet army put the two tank army groups being formed into battle, but they were completely annihilated by the German army. At the end of July, the Germans transferred the Fourth Armored Army from the edge of the Caucasus oil field to support the attack on Stalingrad. The German army has 250,000 men, 740 tanks and 65,438+0,200 planes. The Stalingrad Army of the Soviet Union was hastily formed on the basis that the Southwest Army was completely defeated by the German army. The whole division has only 18, less than 16, combat troops160,000, nearly 400 tanks and more than 600 aircraft. At the beginning of the campaign, the Germans made good progress. Despite the tenacious resistance of the Soviet army, the Germans broke through the layers of defense of the Soviet army. On September 13, the Germans broke into the city. Stalin made a special phone call at this critical moment, ordering the Stalingrad Municipal Committee and military enterprises not to retreat, but to continue to organize production in the battle. Stalin also had a famous command at that time: "Never take a step back!" Soldiers and officers in Stalin's direction were ordered not to retreat at critical moments, and they would face extremely severe punishment if they retreated. At this time, in Stalingrad, there was the newly formed Southeast Army of the Soviet Union. Since the German army entered the downtown area of Stalingrad, a protracted bloody battle began. Zhukov (георгиконстантиинр), the supreme unification of the Soviet Union. However, Uranus will not be deployed successfully until mid-June at the earliest 1 1. In other words, Stalingrad will have to stick to the Uranus plan for more than two months. For Stalingrad, which has weak defensive manpower, this is extremely difficult. However, the Soviet resistance was extremely tenacious and the fighting between the two sides was fierce. Even for a block, or even a building, will pay a huge price of casualties. By the end of September, only the narrow strip on the west bank of the Volga River, which was less than 1 km deep, was held by the Soviets, but the Germans could not completely occupy Stalingrad until 165438+ 10. Cui Kefu (василийивановичуйк), commander of the military region who defended Stalingrad. As the commander of the Sixth Army, paulus, launched a fierce attack to occupy Stalingrad before the arrival of winter, the war became fierce.