1, chronological style
Chronological history books record historical events according to the year number of the living emperor (that is, in chronological order). Chronological style takes time as the center and records historical events in the order of year, month and day, which is the earliest and simplest method of compiling history.
Its advantage is that it gives a clear concept of time and easily reflects the historical background of the occurrence and development of historical events; Its disadvantage is that it is not easy to reflect the connection before and after the same historical event. The remedy is that when recording historical events, sometimes it is necessary to trace back to the past, and sometimes it is accompanied by a description afterwards.
Masterpiece: Zi Tongzhi Jian (edited by Sima Guang in Song Dynasty, which is the most influential one in the existing chronological history books in China); In addition, the chronological history books include Confucius Chunqiu.
2. Country style
The national style is to record the country (waiting country) as the main body, that is, to record the history according to the classification of countries. Most national sports history books record the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period and earlier, because there were many countries in that period, so it is possible to keep records of different countries.
Guoyu is China's first national history book and a part of historical prose. It started in the west of Zhou Muwang and ended in Lu Daogong in the early Warring States period, including the historical facts of Zhou, Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue for about 427 years. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was compiled into a book by Jin historians.
Masterpieces: (* * * 2) The earliest Mandarin written by Zuo Qiuming in the Spring and Autumn Period; The better one is the Warring States Policy compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty (the masterpiece of national history books).
3. Biography
Biography actually records historical facts in the form of biographies, that is, records history with the activities of characters as the center. A form of East Asian history books that narrates historical facts in the form of biographies of people (biographies of emperors are called records, biographies of ordinary people are called biographies, characters in special circumstances are called records, records of systems, customs and economies are called records, and historical events are arranged in tables.
Disadvantages: the notes are scattered, and it is rare for readers to see the whole picture; Chronicles repeat each other.
Advantages: centered on a large number of biographies, it is a further combination of words and notes.
Representative works: Historical Records, Records of the Three Kingdoms, etc. Historical Records is the first biographical general history in the history of China.
Extended data
In addition, other styles of history books:
1, dynastic history style, history books limited to dynasties.
This style originated from Ban Gu, a historian in the Eastern Han Dynasty. His book Hanshu describes the history of the Western Han Dynasty from the first year of Gaozu (206 BC) to the fourth year of Emperor Wangmang (23 years) for 230 years. Of the twenty-five histories, except Shiji, which is a general history, the other twenty-four histories belong to this style. Among them, History of the South, History of the North and History of the Five Dynasties include several dynasties and still belong to the category of dynastic history.
Chronological and chronological history books restricted by dynasties also belong to dynastic history. The history of Qin and Han dynasties and the history of Sui and Tang dynasties written by modern people also belong to the category of dynastic history.
2. Chronicle is a genre of writing history centered on events.
Together with chronological style and biographical style, it is called the three ancient historical styles. At the end of the chronicle, each theme is a special article, which focuses on scattered materials in chronological order. It has the advantages of both chronological and biographical style, with detailed notes and easy reading. It was founded in Yuan Shu's History as a Mirror in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Generally speaking, chronological style is to record something that happened in a certain year, national style is something that happened in a certain country, and biographical style is that someone did something. In addition, there are other ways to record history books, such as chronicle, general history, dynastic history and so on. Interested people can learn more about it themselves. China's culture is extensive and profound, which always benefits us a lot.