First, Jiaxiang Nanwucheng has a long history.
Hometown Pingyi theorists do not admit that there were two military capitals in Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, let alone in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province. Look at the facts!
1. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were two martial arts cities in Lu.
There are two martial arts cities in Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records and Zhong Ni. The article introduces: "Zeng Shen, a native of Nanwucheng, is a famous jade son. Confucius is forty-six years younger. " "Tantai Ming, Wu Cheng people, is a jade son. Confucius is thirty-nine years younger. ... "In the same article, when it comes to Nanwucheng and Wucheng, they are obviously two places. The Three Kingdoms Su's Notes on Confucius' Family Words put it more clearly: "Lu Yi has two martial arts cities, so the south is different." These two martial arts cities: one is Nanwucheng, in Jiaxiang, Shandong; One is Wucheng, in Pingyi, Shandong.
2. Jiaxiang Nanwucheng was built in Shang Dynasty.
The stone carvings of Wu Tomb in Jiaxiang are the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China, which have important historical value. Among them, the Wu Ban tablet in the Han Dynasty records: "Wu Ding, the former king of Yin Dynasty, has long cut down the ghost formula, made meritorious deeds and smoked the palace. According to the official analysis, Wu Gai followed suit because of ignorance. Shang and Zhou dynasties were far-sighted, and they never lost their beauty. Since the Han Dynasty, its titles have been one after another. " It seems that as early as Shang Dynasty, Wu Ding's descendant Wu Shi lived here and built a city to protect himself. Nanwucheng is a place name named after the surname. This is the origin of Nanwucheng.
3. In the 19th year of the Spring and Autumn Period, Wucheng was Jiaxiang Nanwucheng.
According to the records in the Spring and Autumn Annals and Zuo Zhuan, from the fifteenth year to the eighteenth year of Xianggong, Qi invaded the northern and western parts of Lu six times, and surrounded the cities of Lu four times in four years. Qi's military goal is to cut off the ties between Lu and Jin. In order to guard against the further invasion of Qi, Lu built a martial city in the 19th year of Xianggong (554 BC). Zuo Zhuan explained: "Uncle Mu came back and said that Qi was still not there, so there was nothing to be afraid of. It is a martial city. " Pingyi Wucheng is located in the southeast of Lu, taking the Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Geographical Names as a lesson: Pingyi Wucheng "is the boundary between Lu and the living and the foreigners, so it should be in Jiaxiang County."
Chao, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, discovered Nanwushan in Jiaxiang.
Chao, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty and editor of the National History Museum, wrote a passage in "Zhang's Rebuilding the Garden Pavilion in Jinxiang": "Dismounting, looking at the south in the north, seeing the mountains in seven days, or stopping or continuing, the screen is picturesque, flying hundreds of geese in the south, singing and singing, looking back at Baishui, Sangtian is very happy." Nanwushan is named after Nanwucheng. The Zhang Jinxiang Garden recorded by Chao is located in the south of Jiaxiang, looking at Nanwu Mountain in the north, which is obviously Nanwu Mountain in Jiaxiang. From this point of view, as early as the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, people thought that Nanwucheng, the hometown of Ceng Zi, was located in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province.
5. The tablet of "Lu Qiu Hu Miao Ji" in the Yuan Dynasty directly recorded Jiaxiang Nanwucheng.
There is no south of Jiaxiang, above Pingshan, there is Hu Qiu Temple. There is a monument named "Lu Qiu Hu Miao Ji" in the temple, which was built in the 21 ST year of Yuan Dynasty. Zhao Sizu, a professor at Jining Road, wrote an article for the temple monument. In the inscription, there is a sentence "Gai Taste Kao, Qiu, a native of southern Shandong Wucheng", and this place is recognized as Nanwucheng. There is Hu Qiu's tomb at the foot of the mountain. In Liuyuan Village, Jinxiang, Shannan, a man named Shao owns a temple for his wife Xiao, who thinks she is his wife. The Records of Yanzhou Temple in Shen Xing, Yu Wanli in the Ming Dynasty also recorded: "Hu Qiu Temple was built 50 miles south of the county seat, above Pingshan Mountain, and it has been here for a long time. In the eighth year of Yuan Dynasty, Xia Qing, the main thin man, begged for rain to rebuild. Zhi Li Zhou Zhi's Literary Annals in Jining contains a poem by Tang Wangbo, Pingshan Temple: "When I meet Pingshan Temple, I fall in love with Mrs. Xie ... Be diligent, keep your virginity and not pollute your gold. Clouds will be bright and ice will be in the water next month. Thousands of waves, incense stays forever. "
6. The site of Jiaxiang Nanwucheng is still there.
After the founding of New China, National Cultural Heritage Administration organized four cultural relics surveys. The cultural relics investigation teams of Shandong Cultural Relics Bureau and Jining Cultural Relics Bureau investigated and identified the site of the old town of Nanwucheng in Jiaxiang at 1956, 1964, 1973 and 1980 respectively. From 65438 to 0998, Jining Cultural Relics Bureau organized professionals to investigate and verify the site of Nanwucheng Old City again. Nanwucheng Ancient Town is located in the southeast of Nanwushan Village, Mandong Town, Jiaxiang County 1000m, with Qinglong Mountain in the east and Achengpu Village about 500m in the south. The ruins of the ancient city are square and meridian-shaped, covering an area of about 250,000 square meters. The northeast and southeast corners of the old city still exist at 1970, with an original height of about 4-5 meters, and were later taken by the masses for farmland destruction. The existing East City Wall is about 100 meters long, 8 meters wide and 3-4 meters high. Through the local analysis of the city wall, the rammed soil layer is hard and clear, and the rammed nest on the rammed soil layer is dense and clear, showing a circular bottom shape. The rammed soil layer contains a small amount of pottery pieces in the late Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, and no inclusions in the period after the Spring and Autumn Period have been found. This era style is very similar to Qufu Lu Ancient City, Luoyang Dongzhou Wangcheng and Shanxi Houma Jincheng. (See Qilu Publishing House, Qufu Lu Ancient City, Cultural Relics Publishing House, New China Archaeological Discovery and Research. Based on this, it is determined that Nanwu City Wall was built in the Spring and Autumn Period, and the construction time is not later than the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period. The survey also found a large number of pottery fragments from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Han Dynasty, such as simple tiles, slabs, bowls, beans, jars and altars. Jiaxiang Nanwucheng, known as Acheng by the masses. Cha Yun added: Ayu Music Room. "A" is similar to the ancient sound of "Wu", and Acheng is a martial city.
Second, Jiaxiang Ceng Zi site was nailed up with nails.
Jiaxiang's Ceng Zi remains a long time ago, not after Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty.
1, Zengmiao. Zeng Temple has a long history, formerly known as Temple. In the third year of Tang Zhenguan's "Rebuilding the Genealogy of Wucheng", there was a 38-page volume: "There was a filial piety temple in the northwest of Wucheng, which was built on February 15, 15 th." The west of Soochow is surrounded by mountains in the northwest, and there are only cliffs in the west. The geography and landform of Wei's hometown at the southern foot of Wushan is consistent with this. The monument in Zeng Temple was built in the 13th year of Ming Dynasty (1448). The inscription records: "Wucheng is located in the south of Jiaxiang and the north of Jinxiang County. The two towns are ruled together, 45 miles apart, and Zeng Temple is missing." It is also recorded that the monument of Zongshenggong Temple was rebuilt in the fourth year of Tianshun (AD 1460). Zeng Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit announced by the State Council.
2. Ceng Zi's grave. The genealogy of the Zeng family in Tang, Song and Ming dynasties shows that there is a tomb in the west of Wucheng in the south. Tomorrow, in the fourth year of Shunshun (A.D. 1460), the monument of Zongshenggong Temple in Yunzhou will be rebuilt, and it is also recorded that "the temple (referring to Zengzi Temple) has Yunguatai in the southeast and Ceng Zi's tomb in the southwest". This record is also five years earlier than the first year of Chenghua.
3. Melon platform. Located in the east of Nanwushan in Jiaxiang and north of Nanwucheng, it is said that it was Zeng Ziyun melon, and its roots were broken by mistake. Yu Ming Shen Xing's Historical Records of Yanzhou Prefecture contains: "Yunguatai is the grandson of Nanwushan, and it is said that Zengzi Yunguatai accidentally cut off its roots. Later generations named it after its place: Yunguatai. " "Zong Shengzhi Yili" contains: The second stage is high and high, and the north and south are opposite. Tainan is about five acres and Beitai is about three acres.
4. Purple Academy. There is Ceng Zi Academy at the southern foot of Jiaxiang Wu Shan. Yu Ming Shen Xing's Records of Yanzhou Prefecture and School: "Ceng Zi Academy, at the foot of Nanwu Mountain in the county, is said to be the place where Ceng Zi studied. When the Yuan Dynasty took the exam, the tombstone of Wu wrote Dongzhi Academy, and the former site did not exist. "
5. Tang Qin, Ceng Zi in Jin Dynasty. In Jiaxiang County, the East was ruled, and the sun of Mengshan spread to the Guqin in Ceng Zi. In the seventh year, Jin Taihe and Su Enzhong were rebuilt. In the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, Jiaxiang County ordered Wang to repair the stone bridge with stones, and the hall was destroyed. There is a clear Ganquan column next to it, which was later called Qintangkeng.
Thirdly, the hometown of Jiaxiang is recognized by the Ming court, ancient books and Zeng's genealogy.
1 year, the Ming court determined that Ceng Zi's hometown was Jiaxiang.
The Ming government's recognition of Jiaxiang, Ceng Zi's hometown, was made in 1989 after Daotong, Jingtai, Tianshun, Chenghua, Hongzhi, Zhengde and Jiajing, and after a lot of textual research on ancient records, especially the remains of Jiaxiang Ceng Zi. The orthodox dynasty identified Jiaxiangzeng Temple as a shrine, Chenghua dynasty identified Jiaxiangzeng Temple as Ceng Zi's tomb, Hongzhi dynasty identified Jiaxiangzeng Temple as Ceng Zi Special Temple, and Jiajing dynasty visited Ceng Zi's direct descendant and moved Jiaxiang to keep Ceng Zi's tomb. It is not as some people say: the emperor made a decision in a muddle, but he was very cautious, rigorous and serious, which is beyond doubt.
2. Ancient books recorded that Ceng Zi's hometown was Jiaxiang County.
Yu Ming Shen Xing's History of Yanzhou Taishou and Jiaxiang said: "There are two Wucheng in the south of Xialu, and one of them is also." According to the summary of reading historical records: "There are two martial arts cities in Shandong, and Jiaxiang martial arts city is fifty miles south of the county." Liu Wang textual research on the geography of the four books said: "Jiaxiang is in the south of Soochow, so it should be South Wucheng." Textual research on the notes of the Historical Records Association said: "Nanwucheng is now Jiaxiang County." Note in Chinese Dictionary: "Nanwucheng, in the Spring and Autumn Period, was located at the foot of Nanwushan Mountain in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province. In the Spring and Autumn Period, in the nineteenth year of Duke Xiang of Lu, there was a saying that the city was a military city, which was what it meant. " The article "Wucheng" in China Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Place Names notes: "During the Spring and Autumn Period, land should be built for preparation. Today, Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province is 45 miles south of the city, and there is no foot of the mountain in the south. " Tongzhi Monument in Shandong: "Nanwucheng, Jiaxiang County, 40 miles south of the county." "Provincial Examination": "Ceng Zi's hometown is Wushan in the south of Nanwucheng, Jiaxiang County."
3. "Zeng Family Tree" identified hometown as Jiaxiang County.
The hometown recorded in Zeng's Genealogy is Nanwucheng, Jiaxiang County.
The reconstruction of Wucheng genealogy in the third year of Tang Zhenguan was ordered by Du Ruhui, the left prime minister, on the orders of Emperor Taizong. Page 38 of the first volume of this spectrum reads: "A textual research on Ceng Zi's hometown: Zeng Shen's family is Wucheng, with Zeng Shen's tomb in the west and filial piety temple in the northwest. It was built on February 15 th, the fifteenth year of the week. "
In the first year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty, the genealogy was rebuilt, and Su Dongpo, the minister of the ceremony department of Jinshi Hanlin Academy, made a preface. Page 203 of the first volume of Ben Pu wrote: "Wucheng, the hometown of Ceng Zi, has the tomb of Zeng Shen in the west and the hall of loyalty and filial piety in the northwest. In the 14th year of Lu Aigong, Confucius was here. I don't know when to change to Acheng. "
In the first year of Deyou in the Southern Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang, the prime minister, prefaced the book Zeng Rebuild Genealogy. Volume 1, page 197, wrote: "Zeng Shen lived in Wucheng, with Zeng Shen's tomb in the west and the Hall of Loyalty and Filial Piety in the northwest. It was built on February 15 th, the fifteenth year of the week. "
Zeng Mingren, Donald Tsang and others went to Jiaxiang to worship their ancestors, and the leaders of the provincial party committee and government at that time received them. Popular Daily and other news media reported that they all went to Jiaxiang, Ceng Zi's hometown, to worship their ancestors.
Four, about Ceng Zi's hometown Pingyi said.
The theory of hometown Pingyi (Feixian County) began at the end of Ming Dynasty. Wang put forward four main points in his article: First, "Nanwucheng" and "Wucheng" are both martial cities. Second, "in the name of' fee', there are no two places in ancient and modern times. Feidi is a martial city. " Third, when Zeng's temple was built in Yongfeng, Ji 'an, he didn't know that Guanyang Wucheng in the southwest of Feixian County was Nanwucheng. Fourth, Jiaxiang's "ancient times are horizontal". Since the Han and Wei dynasties, it has not become a market.
As for "there are two martial arts cities in Lu", it is proved that the statement that "Nanwucheng" and "Wucheng" are one city does not conform to historical facts.
It is worth noting that Pingyi Wucheng has never been called Nanwucheng. There is a place called "Nanwucheng County" in the Geography of the Book of Jin, and experts have added the word "Wu". The Book of Jin (Zhonghua Book Company Edition) corrected the geographical "Nanwucheng" to "Cheng Nan". Han jindun was not from the Warring States period. 199 1 year, the bronze Ge in the middle and late Warring States period was unearthed on the south side of the Great Wall of Qi (Liu Jiayu Village, Linqu County, Shandong Province), with the inscription "Wucheng Ge". The author of the report believes that this martial arts city, that is, Fei Zhiwu, should be done by Fei Zhiwu. Wuchengge proved that until the middle and late Warring States period, it was still called Wucheng, not Nanwucheng or Cheng Nan. A "Ge" debunked the eternal mystery of Wucheng and Nanwucheng.
The saying that "no two people spend money in ancient and modern times" is also untenable. In fact, according to ancient records, in the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States Period, in addition to the private city fees (also known as east fees) mentioned by Wang, there were also Fei countries (also known as west fees) in the west of Yutai, north of Jinxiang and south of Jiaxiang in Shandong.
About, "Historical Records Xia Benji" contains: "Yu is the surname. Later, it was enfeoffed, with the country as the surname, so there was Xia Houshi ... Fan ... "During the Spring and Autumn Period, Fei was a vassal state of Lu. During the Warring States Period, Guo Fei was also an independent country. 1972, a bronze tripod from the Spring and Autumn Period was unearthed at the site of Gouyutai, Yishan, Zouxian, Shandong Province. The inscription reads: Fu Min's father is Meng Yi Teng Ding, and his eyebrows are immortal. "(see the first issue of Cultural Relics 1974). According to the inscription, this tripod was cast by Ren Min's father for his eldest daughter. Fu Min's father's daughter's name is Meng Si. There is no doubt that her surname is Meng Si. "The surname is urgent" said: "Zeng's family is fat. "Ceng Zi, who lives in a country with the same surname, has a cultural origin." The Warring States Policy says that Ceng Zi had a house when he was wasting his time, and his mother was still weaving, so he was not staying temporarily. Regarding the positioning of Guo Fei, Reading Historical Records records: "There is a flying pavilion in the west of Waste Yutai County, which is the food city of Fu Fei. "
As for the construction time of Zengzi Temple, it was before Yongfeng Zengs returned to Jiaxiang. The genealogy of Wucheng rebuilt by the Tang Dynasty records: "The Hall of Zhongxiao was founded on February 15th, 15th of the week." In the fourth year of Tianshun (A.D. 1460), Xu Bin, assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, wrote "Reconstruction of Zongshenggong Temple in Yongzhou", which shows that Zengzi Temple existed before Tianshun, and what Wang and others said is absurd.
20 13 May, after the "Nanwucheng Old City Site" was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit, another article was written. In fact, Pingyi Wucheng has never been called Nanwucheng in history, at least before Sima Qian wrote Historical Records. As for the afterword, it has nothing to do with Ceng Zi's hometown. Besides, the cultural relics protection unit announced by the State Council is an ancient city site to be protected, not the hometown of Ceng Zi. In contrast, Jiaxiang Zengmiao was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in May 2006, and Jiaxiang Ceng Zi Tomb was declared as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit by Shandong Provincial People's Government in August 2005, and the spearhead has been directed at Ceng Zi. How to explain it? !
Some people have also carried out what an expert said, what we want is the truth, and we can't draw conclusions based on someone's words. Bringing out celebrity experts is the specialty of some people. About Jiaxiang Nanwucheng, someone carried out Wang Liangya, saying that Jiaxiang was osawa in ancient times, "since the Han and Wei Dynasties, it has not been a city", but there are two sites of Jiaxiang's ancient city before the Spring and Autumn Period, which are actually there! About the hanging coffins in Ceng Zi, some archaeologists say that there are no hanging coffins in the Central Plains, but there are hanging coffins less than 200 meters away from the site of Jiaxiang Nanwucheng, and they are still there! Have these experts been to Jiaxiang for textual research? ! We have been to Pingyi, and hope that experts from Pingyi will visit Jiaxiang. We welcome them!