The present is the continuation of the past, and the future is the development of the present. This is the one-dimension of time. Time is one of the basic forms of material existence. Engels once said: "The basic form of any existence is space and time, and the existence without time is as absurd as the existence without space." Therefore, any historical phenomena and events are inseparable from the elements of time and space. Without time, history will lose its form of existence, and there will be no history. Therefore, history must be compiled in strict chronological order. Telling history must also be carried out in a strict time series, and learning history must also be promoted in a strict time series.

Only by grasping the historical phenomena, events and people in a certain position in the time series can we be accurate, reasonable and easy to understand. Therefore, mastering the concept of historical time is essential for correctly understanding historical events and fairly evaluating historical figures.

Second, the concept of historical time teaching methods

(A correct understanding of the scientific meaning of the concept of time.

The so-called scientific concept of time is: on the one hand, it refers to the simple era, on the other hand, it refers to the logical historical content associated with that era, that is, the rich and vivid historical content associated with each historical time and its position, role and influence in history. Only by organically combining these two aspects can the concept of time have scientific significance. For example,1965438+May 4, 2009, this era, we should not only know that it is China's "Five? When the fourth movement broke out, we should understand that it was an unprecedented and uncompromising anti-imperialist and anti-feudal patriotic movement and the beginning of China's new-democratic revolutionary movement. Only by organically combining the two aspects can we call it a complete and scientific view of history.

Simple chronology and logical historical content related to chronology are indispensable. Among them, the logical and historical content related to the times is more substantial and important. For example, the battle between the Western Han Dynasty and Xiongnu, which tells the history of China, can be described in the logical historical order linked by years:

Xiongnu is strong again, and modu chanyu is the leader.

Tarquin plundered border counties and occupied Hetao again. (Explain that this is after the Xiongnu became powerful. )

After Korea's defeat, it adopted the method of "pro-marriage". This temporary measure was taken because the economy did not recover in the early Han Dynasty and it was unable to counterattack the Huns. )

Tarquin trampled near Chang 'an.

Prepare to fight back against the Huns. (This is after the Huns' continuous aggression, and the domestic economy is gradually recovering. )

Khan was lured into the fortress, the "pro" relationship broke down and the war began. This means that the preparations for the counterattack are ready, and it is also the reason for the victory of the Xiongnu War. )

In World War I, Han recaptured Hetao. (First, remove the threat of Chang 'an. )

In World War II, Han regained the Hexi Corridor. Cut off the connection between Xiongnu and Bianqiang, Xiongnu lost fertile pasture twice, causing infighting and weakening its strength. )

In the third world war, the Xiongnu retreated to the north of the desert, and the threat to Han was basically lifted. This is the result of completely defeating the Huns and winning three consecutive counterattacks, which ensures the life and production safety of people within the Great Wall. )

In this way, although we have not put forward how to do a certain year and month, the listener has already understood the process of historical events and naturally distinguished the sequence of events, which shows the key position of logical historical content in forming a complete and scientific concept of historical time. The key position cannot replace the complete scientific concept of time, and should not be organically combined with simple age. It must be noted that the Western Han Dynasty was founded in 202 BC, and the first war with the Xiongnu was in 127 BC. Therefore, it is easy for students to confirm that the Huns plundered the border counties, and the methods and preparations for the Xiongnu War took place between 202 BC and 127 BC. It was after 127 BC that the Hexi Corridor was captured and the Huns were pursued to the north of the Mongolian desert. At this point, the listener can form a complete and scientific concept of historical time, otherwise, any party will abandon the times or the logical historical content related to the times and will not achieve its goal.

In the history of China and foreign countries, the staging of social forms is the application of a complete and scientific concept of time. For example, the history of China:

2 1 century BC, Xia was established and the slave society began.

In 475 BC, during the Warring States Period, feudal society began.

BC 1840, in the late Qing Dynasty, it entered a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. ...

World history:

……

In 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire perished and the world entered the feudal society.

1640, the British bourgeois revolution brought the world into capitalist society. ...

(B) auxiliary methods to clarify the concept of time

The fundamental way to define the concept of time is to define a complete and scientific concept of time. In addition, some auxiliary methods can be used.

First, grasp the relative age with large span by analogy.

People often say that the primitive society in China is "long". How long is it? Students feel very mysterious and unable to grasp. We can use metaphors to illustrate this. The primitive society began with Yuanmou people about1700,000 years ago and ended before the establishment of the summer of 2 1 century BC. Slave society has existed for about 4000 years. Primitive society is like a 4 16 page book. The time of primitive society is equivalent to 4 15 pages, while that of slave society is only equivalent to 1 page. Only in this way can students understand and understand.

Second, the equidistant method of age interval

It is difficult for young people who are beginning to learn history to grasp the corresponding relationship between Chinese dynasties and AD. If you ask a middle school student rashly, what year was the Tang Dynasty? He doesn't usually answer. We can calculate the corresponding relationship between dynasties and AD by the method of equidistant time interval, from the Western Zhou Dynasty-BC 1 100 to the end of Qing Dynasty-AD 19 1 165438, which lasted for 3000 years. The first Millennium is from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the New Year (the year number of Wang Mang), the second Millennium is from the New Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the third Millennium is from the Five Dynasties to the late Qing Dynasty. With three equidistant boundaries, it is easy to calculate. In the second Millennium of the Tang Dynasty, it can be inferred that after Wang Mang, the Eastern Han Dynasty accounted for about 200 years, equivalent to the first to second centuries, the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty accounted for about 200 years, roughly equivalent to the third to fourth centuries, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Dynasty accounted for about 200 years, roughly equivalent to the fifth to sixth centuries. The Sui Dynasty was followed by the Tang Dynasty, so the Tang Dynasty began in the seventh century, and the Five Dynasties followed the Tang Dynasty at the beginning of the tenth century. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the 7th, 8th and 9th centuries, the Tang Dynasty only took 300 years. This method is mature in calculation and convenient and accurate in use.