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After Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the system of human burial was restored.
Zhu Yuanzhang is a workaholic and seldom plays or rests.

After more than 20 years of "cutting, cutting, painting and whitewashing", the appearance of Daming Tianxia Building is finally close to Zhu Yuanzhang's blueprint: the world is peaceful, the four sides are stable, people's livelihood is restored and the foundation is solid.

The main enemy Mongolia has been suppressed in a corner. The powerful people in the world who have the strength to challenge the imperial power have been eliminated, the economy has recovered rapidly and the society has become increasingly stable.

At the expense of Zhu Yuanzhang's long-term overwork, the uninterrupted intense work continued to consume Zhu Yuanzhang's health, and two relatives died one after another in his later years, which caused a major blow to Zhu Yuanzhang's spirit.

Zhu Yuanzhang's death

Wu fifteen years, 5 1 year old, Zhu Yuanzhang was very sad. A greater blow was the death of Zhu Biao in the twenty-fifth year of Hongwu. The 65-year-old Zhu Yuanzhang is like a corner of the sky, and his spirit is almost broken.

On the third day after Zhu Shi's death, Zhu Yuanzhang called courtiers at the East Gate and said, "I am old! It's a pity that the prince, then as for this, life is also! " Because of crying. "

In the second year, Zhu Yuanzhang was seriously ill. Although he was rescued from the dying man, he was "ill" and his health was not as good as before. On the eighth day of May in the 31st year of Wu Hong, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was 7 1 year old, fell ill again.

At first, he barely supported the sick body, "every day as usual, tireless", thinking that he could survive, did not want to be treated in every way, and his condition never improved. On May 10, I stopped breathing in the bed of Nishinomiya. On the day of his death, he issued a prepared testamentary edict:

I am ordered by the emperor. I decided to make trouble, put down my soldiers and let my people live in the city. I have been taking care of you for thirty-one years, making you obey your fate. I am concerned about the people, diligent, dedicated and beneficial to the people. But from humble, unprecedented wisdom, likes and dislikes, not too much. One in seventy this year, muscle strength is weak. Fear day and night, fear is endless. Today, everything is natural, so what is the reason why they are sad? Emperor Yang, who is benevolent and filial, returns to the heart of the world, and should be responsible for his duties and be diligent in civil affairs. Qi Xin, a Chinese and foreign civil and military official, joined forces to help our people. The funeral is the same as that in China. Announce it to the world and let you know what I mean. Small mountains and rivers, because of it, will not be changed.

On the seventh day after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, the emperor's grandson _ ascended the throne and buried Zhu Yuanzhang in Xiaoling Mausoleum, and named posthumous title "Gao Emperor" with the title of "Mao".

Resurrection martyrdom system

Before he died, Zhu Yuanzhang issued the last order in his life, "the responsibility of the queen's martyrdom", that is, he ordered his concubines to sacrifice themselves for him and go underground to serve him. This order revived the martyrdom system that disappeared in China for more than 1000 years.

Martyrdom is a barbaric custom in the pre-Qin period. The nobles lived a good life before their death, and after their death, they took all the things they liked before their death, including beautiful ladies-in-waiting, to their graves to continue to enjoy. It is common to find many human bones when excavating noble tombs before the Warring States Period.

With the awakening of humanistic spirit, this barbaric practice has been criticized by people since the late Spring and Autumn Period. The Qin Dynasty originated from the Hui nationality in Xi, and its culture was the most backward in other countries. In 62 BC1year, Qin Mugong died, and the number of martyrs was as high as 177. So the Qin people wrote a famous poem "Yellow Bird" to express allegory and regret.

With the evolution of civilization, after the Spring and Autumn Period, people began to make clay figurines on a large scale to replace strangers for burial, and the phenomenon of human martyrdom became less and less. Even Qin officially ordered the abolition of human martyrdom in 384 BC. After the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains Dynasty completely abolished the system of human burial.

However, Zhu Yuanzhang brought China culture back to his ancestors. Among these ladies-in-waiting, besides the 4-year-old daughter who needs to be raised to avoid death, there are nearly 40 concubines who serve Zhu.

It records the history of his forced marriage to his own daughter: "There is a widow in Haozhou whose mother refuses to accept it. I heard that the army is in Huai 'an, which is not suitable for people. Mao wrote to inquire. This is from Jun Hu's family and his mother. Zu Mao accepted the letter and named it Hu Fei. "

After defeating Chen Youliang and overthrowing the Yuan Dynasty, he took many beautiful women in Harlem as his own. In addition, in this book A Brief History of the Ming Dynasty? Volume III also records that Zhu Yuanzhang had an affair with his wife and gave birth to an illegitimate child: "Therefore, Marshal Wade became a beautiful woman and ordered him to move to the backyard, where he gave birth to a son named Zhu Sheng. "

On the other hand, however, Zhu Yuanzhang developed the tendency of despising women in the bottom culture to the extreme. Zhu Yuanzhang especially looked down on geisha and ordered them to wear black clothes to show their identity.

On one occasion, Zhu Yuanzhang hosted a banquet for Fu Youde, ordered Guozhen Ye to accompany the wine, and distributed 10 geisha for their entertainment. Unexpectedly, Guozhen Ye drank some wine, and when he was happy, he ordered the geisha to put on gorgeous clothes and sit with her. When Zhu Yuanzhang learned that Guozhen Ye was arrested, he cut off the nose of the innocent geisha.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhu Yuanzhang's rules for managing the harem were particularly strict. From the queen to the maid, all materials, such as food, clothes, utensils, gold and silver, money and silk, have to go through complicated procedures. If you go directly to the Ministry to collect them, you will be sentenced to death.

Imperial secretary will be sentenced to death for delivering letters privately. The imperial concubine was ill and had to send someone to tell the doctor too much about her symptoms. No doctor is allowed to enter the palace for treatment, or she will die. It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang used claustrophobia to punish maids in order to restrain their physiological needs.

In addition to respect for his wife, Ma Huanghou, Zhu Yuanzhang raised a butcher knife when he was slightly dissatisfied with other concubines. During the Hongwu period, there were a large number of women guilty of washing clothes in the imperial court, who served the people in the imperial court. Once Zhu Yuanzhang heard that some of them colluded with the outside world, so he skinned more than 5 thousand people, including the gatekeeper who guarded them.

Even the concubine who has served him for many years is no exception. Once, a eunuch found an aborted baby in the Royal River. Zhu Yuanzhang suspected that it was Hu Chongfei, the mother of the king of Chu, so he hacked her to death with a knife and then threw the body into the wilderness for wild dogs to chew.

Hearing this, the king of Chu went all the way to the capital, looking for his mother's body everywhere, but he couldn't find it. Finally, he had to take back a practice that his mother had used before her death.

On another occasion, Zhu Yuanzhang flew into a rage because of a trivial matter and executed his mother Guo Ningfei, his mother Li Xianfei and his mother Ge at the same time. Still not Japanese, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered three bodies to be mixed in a big basket and buried outside the emergency exit at random.

After the incident, Zhu Yuanzhang calmed down and had some regrets. He ordered his concubine to be dug up and buried formally. Unexpectedly, the weather was hot and the three bodies dug up had rotted. He couldn't tell who was who, so he had to build three graves on the corpse pit.

Zhu Yuanzhang set an example of martyrdom, and later emperors could only obey it. After Cheng Zu died, more than 30 concubines were buried. After the death of Emperor Renzong of Ming Dynasty, five concubines were buried, and after the death of Emperor Xuanzong, ten were buried.

As for Jingdi, the history books only record "Tang concubines, etc." Buried, the exact number is unknown. When the five emperors add up, the total number of concubines buried with them is estimated to be around 100. Not only the emperor, but also the kings followed suit.

In A.D., after the death of Zhu Yuanzhang's second son, King Qin, "all princesses were martyred". Zhou Xianwang Zhu Youdun is the grandson of Zhu Yuanzhang. Before Zheng Tong died four years ago, people behind him said he was frugal. Therefore, Ming Yingzong ordered that "the wife and children don't have to die, and those who had parents when they were young should be sent home".

Who didn't wait for the imperial edict Six ladies, including Gong and Shi, were killed on the same day. Yingzong

This decision accords with the people's justice and is welcomed by all the people. After it was published, many ministers were even moved to tears and said, "You cried when you read it, and you were sad." Historians of later generations even praised this move, saying that "the British Sect saw it alone and dismissed it, so it broke the myth of the ages and regarded Tang Zong as the first emperor and died, and the sage was ridiculed by thousands of miles". The cruel human burial system is finally over.

The Tang Dynasty showed the world a dynamic and extroverted competitive society, while the Ming Dynasty under Zhu Yuanzhang was introverted, anti-competitive and unimaginative.

The 300-year-long Ming Dynasty initiated by Zhu Yuanzhang is one of the most stable dynasties in China history. These 300 years are the most turbulent period in European history. However, it is in these drastic changes that modern western civilization was born.

Huang Renyu said, "When Cromwell defeated Charles I in the wasteland of meston, it was AD 1644, that is, the year when China said that Emperor Chongzhen went to Jingshan Park, that is, the year when the Ming Dynasty perished." The 300 years of Ming Dynasty was an era of great retrogression and great progress between China and the West.