Brief Introduction of Ji Hui Treaty
Sino-Russian Ji Hui Treaty, formerly known as Sino-Russian Aihui Peace Treaty. 1858 On May 28th, when the British and French allied forces attacked Tianjin and threatened Beijing, Russia took the opportunity to use force to force the Heilongjiang general Yishan to conclude an unequal treaty. It was signed by Yi Shan and Russian Governor of Eastern Siberia Muraviev in Aihui (now Aihui Township, Aihui County). It is the first unequal treaty between China and Russia; It is also the beginning of signing a series of unequal treaties between China and Russia. At the same time of the Second Opium War, Russia proposed to redraw the Sino-Russian border for negotiations. General Heilongjiang, afraid of war by the mountain, made a vow. After learning the truth, the Qing government flatly dismissed Yishan for investigation and declared the Treaty of Slow Swing invalid. However, it is a pity that the Qing government, after all, had to swallow the bitter fruit of losing power and humiliating the country in front of the fait accompli because of the decline of its own country, which was beset by foreign invasion and besieged on all sides. Finally, on the second day of October in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860165438+10/4), Beijing signed the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, recognizing the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty, which has been refused to ratify.
The main contents of the Ji Hui Treaty
1. China's territory of more than 600,000 square kilometers, north of Heilongjiang and south of Outer Xing 'an Mountains, will be allocated to? Where does Russia belong? ; Only the left bank of Heilongjiang? Jiangdong 64 tun? China? Alive , under the jurisdiction of China.
2. Divide more than 400,000 square kilometers of Russian territory east of Ussuri River into China and China? Condominium? . Later history shows that this so-called? Condominium? It is actually a transitional form before the formal annexation of Russia.
3. Give Russia the right of free navigation and free trade in Heilongjiang, Songhua River and Wusuli River. Obviously, all this is for the purpose of further Russian expansion and infiltration into the northeast hinterland of China, thus establishing the so-called? Yellow Russian province? , this foreshadowing. Marx and Engels, revolutionary mentors, profoundly exposed and severely condemned the Second Opium War and the Warm Xiongnu Treaty? The result of the Second Opium War was to help Russia acquire the richest area between the rough Target Strait and Lake Baikal, which Russia longed for. ? Point out that the Russians are actually? A territory the size of France and Germany and a river the length of the Danube were seized from China.
The signing background of the Ji Hui Treaty
If we say that the invasion of China by Anglo-American and French imperialism at that time mainly came from the sea and from the south; Then, Russia invaded China, mainly by land and northern Belarus. In those troubled years, China became the food of tigers and wolves? I sell fish? . When the British and French allied forces attacked Tianjing, which directly threatened Beijing, they had already received the tsar's advice to China? You can force him to give in. Muraviev, the commander of the empire, was led by soldiers himself. Under the escort of gunboats, he rushed to the warm Xiongnu and proposed to negotiate with Yi Shan, the general of Heilongjiang Province of the Qing government to redraw the Sino-Russian border.
As we all know, the Sino-Russian border was clearly defined in the Sino-Russian Nebuchadnezzar Chu Treaty of 1689. The border between the two countries is the Churna River, which flows into Heilongjiang, that is, the Muhe River in Nyoron in the target language, and the nearby Gerbiz River. Grbic River originates from Daxing 'anling, which leads directly to the sea. It is also the dividing line between the two countries: both the land in Lingnan area and the rivers flowing into Heilongjiang should be under the jurisdiction of China? Mulai this time? Negotiation? , obviously much ado about nothing, fish in troubled waters.
At the beginning of the negotiation, Muraviev eagerly threw out the draft treaty already prepared, claiming that the area from the north bank of Heilongjiang to the estuary belonged to Russia. If the river (Heilongjiang) is the boundary, it must not be deleted? . In addition, he arrogantly suggested that China must cede the area east of the Wusuli River. And openly threatened that Britain was at war with China, so it was particularly necessary for China to meet Russian demands at this time. If it fails, Russia will unite with Britain and go to war with China. In the face of Russian outrageous demands, China refuted them according to the Nehru agreement. Although Russia's eloquence is not good, it still relies on intimidation and inducement, approaching the negotiation site with warships already prepared, firing and threatening by force. General Yishan, who was in a daze and afraid of fighting, couldn't stand it anymore, so he signed a slow-swing treaty, humiliating the country and power.
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