Roads are accompanied by traffic. There is no road in the world, but more people walk and it becomes a road. The formation of roads is related to traffic activities with a certain purpose from the beginning. Road is not an individual, but a product that people need for development. However, the development of China highway has roughly experienced the following three stages: 1) ancient road (2 1 century BC to 65438 AD). In the Qin Dynasty, it was emphasized that "cars are on the same track, so are books". In the 2nd century BC, the Silk Road from China to Central Asia and Europe began to develop. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's ancient road development, and initially formed a road network with the city as the center and extending in all directions. The road network system in Qing Dynasty was divided into three levels, namely "official road", "main road" and "secondary road". "Guanma Road" is divided into four trunk lines: Northeast Road, East Road, West Road and Middle Road, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers. 2) Modern highway (19 12 ~ 1949) can be subdivided into four stages: First, the late Qing Dynasty and Beiyang government period were the embryonic stages of China highway, and the first highway in China was Longzhou-Nana highway, which was built in the south of Guangxi on 1908 and was 30km long. By the end of 1927, the national highway mileage was about 29,000 kilometers. Second, during the period of Kuomintang government (1927 ~ 1936), China's highways began to be included in the national construction planning stage. 1927 National Standard of Road Planning and Highway Engineering drafted by Ministry of Communications and Ministry of Railways of Kuomintang Government. By June 1936, the national mileage had reached 1 17300km. Third, the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period (1937 ~ 1945). Due to the influence and destruction of the war, the development of highways is slow. By the end of1946,65438+February, the total highway mileage in China was only 130307km. Fourth, during the war of liberation (1946 ~ 1949). Highway traffic is mainly military, and highway construction has made little progress. Especially when the Kuomintang army was defeated, the road was seriously damaged. On the eve of the founding of New China, the national mileage was only 75,000 kilometers. 3) Modern expressways (after 1949) are subdivided into five stages: one is the period of national economic recovery (1949 ~ 1952), and expressway management organizations are established from top to bottom throughout the country, and professional teams for design, construction and maintenance are formed. The state has also promulgated a series of important laws and regulations on highway construction, carried out a national highway survey, and restored and improved existing highways throughout the country. By the end of 1953, the highway mileage was126,000 km, and the road mileage was 55,000 km. The second is the first five-year plan period (1953 ~ 1957), which is the stage of steady development of highways. The mileage of highways and paved roads increased by 1 times, 254,000 kilometers and 12. 1 10,000 kilometers respectively. There are 35,000 bridges with 556,5438+0,000 linear meters. The third is the period of "Great Leap Forward" and national economic adjustment (1958 ~ 1966), which is the stage when the number of expressways skyrocketed and then consolidated. By the end of 1965, the mileage of roads opened to traffic reached 5010.4 million kilometers, the mileage of roads reached 305,000 kilometers, the number of bridges reached10.4 million, the linear meters reached10.566 million linear meters, and the mileage of road greening reached10.8 million kilometers. Four, ten years of unrest (1966 ~ 1976). Highway construction is still developing, and the residual oil pavement is developing rapidly, with an increase of 654.38+10,000 km in 10 years. By the end of 1976, the highway mileage reached 823,000 kilometers, the pavement mileage reached 579,000 kilometers, and the number of bridges reached1/kloc-0.7 million, with 2.93 million linear meters. The highway greening mileage reached 254,000 kilometers. Fifth, in the period of socialist economic construction (after 1977), with the development of reform and opening up and commodity economy, the position, function and benefit of China's highway transportation in the national economy are increasingly recognized and accepted by all parties, mainly in the following aspects: the increase of highway mileage and the improvement of highway grade; Highway science and technology have made great progress; New progress has been made in highway maintenance management. By the end of 1997, the national traffic mileage reached1226,000 km, the second-class highway reached130,900 km, the expressway reached 477 1 km, and the paving rate of high-grade and sub-high-grade pavements reached 38. 1%, achieving 90%. Now that China has joined the WTO, it is necessary to build roads in an all-round way, in order to better accelerate the economic development of China! Various types of expressways are also doing well. I believe that China's expressways will develop rapidly in the future!