As a complete and mature building system, modern wood structure building has supporting building fire protection codes. As long as the designer designs according to the specifications, the fire performance of the building is the same as that of ordinary reinforced concrete.

Chapter 11 of the current Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB 500 16-20 14) has very clear regulations on passive and active fire protection technical requirements such as height, building area, applicable types, building spacing, fire resistance limit of components, and configuration of fire protection facilities.

Modern wood structure system is mainly divided into light wood structure system, heavy wood structure system, orthogonal glued wood structure system and composite system. In application, whether to adopt light wood structure system or heavy wood structure system mainly depends on the scale and function of the building, and the means used by the two systems to achieve the specified fire safety level are also different.

Fire prevention mechanism of light wood structure

The fire safety performance of light wood frame construction depends on the fire resistance limit and combustion performance of the whole components such as walls, floors and roofs. Because these components are covered with gypsum board with good fire resistance, the fire resistance limit and combustion performance of the whole component can meet the requirements of fire protection code, which has little to do with the fact that wood itself is combustible material. The type, thickness and component composition of gypsum board determine the fire resistance limit requirements that components can achieve. Experiments show that the fire resistance time of lightweight wood floors and wall components can reach 45 minutes to 2 hours, or even longer.

Fire prevention mechanism of heavy wood structure

Heavy-duty wood structure is a structural system with large-section sawn timber or composite timber as load-bearing beams and columns. The wood structure components in heavy-duty wood structure buildings must reach a certain size. The orthogonal glued wood system developed in 1990s is a structural system of walls, floors and roofs, which is composed of 1.5-45 mm laminates assembled orthogonally. It is also a heavy wood structure. According to the characteristics of slow carbonization and constant speed of large-section wood at high temperature, heavy-duty wood structure meets the fire resistance requirements. The effective section method can be used to calculate the fire resistance limit of beam, column and plate members of heavy wood structure to meet the requirements of fire protection code.

There should be systematic and perfect measures for fire prevention of modern wooden buildings. In addition to meeting the corresponding fire resistance limit requirements, the following factors should also be considered:

1. For wooden buildings with different functions, reasonable and complete automatic sprinkler system, fire alarm system, building fire extinguisher, fire hydrant system and other active fire control measures should be set up;

2, meet the requirements of fire spacing between wooden buildings and between wooden buildings and other buildings;

3. Conditions and requirements of personnel safety evacuation facilities in case of building fire;

4, building hidden space must be separated by fire;

5. Adequate fire prevention measures should be considered for pipes and wires.