The Art of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
Mesopotamia: Greek means the land between two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates), a region.
Egyptians are obsessed with death and the afterlife?
? The face is sideways, the eyes are forehead, the body is forehead, and the legs and feet are sideways.
Episode II: Ancient Greek and Roman Art
Geometric style period
The depiction of characters began to be more realistic, with hair and details.
Classic black painting style and red painting style.
Classical period
Athena goddess temple
Sculpture in the classical period became more realistic and idealized at the same time, seeking the most perfect and beautiful proportion of the human body in the mathematical sense.
The real body is about 6.5-7 heads, but 8 heads will be more infectious. Now cartoonists will use this ideal ratio to draw superheroes.
The classical period ended and entered the Hellenistic period.
Greek sculptors create sculptures, adding more emotions and movements.
Roman times, Roman times accepted Greek culture.
Roman architectural style: Domes, arches and Roman styles are all over Europe.
The third episode: Art in the Middle Ages and Byzantine Period
Western Rome and Byzantine Empire, Latin in the west and Greek in the east.
During this period, because the church was the main sponsor of art, most medieval paintings were based on religion.
In the late Middle Ages, western artists portrayed nature and people more realistically, and expressed the sense of space through geometric figures.
The fourth episode: Art in the Renaissance
In the Middle Ages, the spirit was respected and the body was despised.
/kloc-In the middle of the 4th century, an Italian poet and Latin scholar named Petrarch combined the traditional ideas of Christianity and Greece and Rome in his works, which aroused people's interest in the so-called "pagan past" and started the Renaissance, or "rebirth", and people's focus changed from being centered on God to being centered on people, forming the concept of humanism.
Important figures in the Renaissance: > >; & gt
Brunelleschi: goldsmith, architect, engineer, sculptor and mathematician. He created linear perspective, horizontal line and vanishing point, and gathered all the lines to make objects feel spatial. Build a dome;
Donatello: goldsmith, sculptor, architect; Carved bas-reliefs give them a deeper feeling through linear perspective.
Leonardo da Vinci: painter, sculptor, scientist and architect
Michelangelo:
Raphael:
Athens College depicts the Yangtze River shared and studied by philosophers, mathematicians and scientists such as Plato and Aristotle.
The revival of northern literature and meaning spread to other parts of Europe, and they preferred realism to classicism.
Yang Fan Ike: Painter.
After the death of Leonardo da Vinci (15 19) and Raphael (1520), artists denied the values of the heyday of the Renaissance, and advocated more intense and pretentious styles, and various kinds of pretentiousness appeared.
Renaissance is a period of great invention, discovery and creation (14, 15,16th century).
Columbus discovered the New World, Gutenberg invented the printing press, Martin Luther initiated the Reformation, Copernicus and Galileo.
The influence of Renaissance on western art is continuous.
The fifth episode: Baroque, Rococo and Neoclassicism
/kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, Martin Luther's religious reform caused a sensation in the religious circles.
/kloc-at the beginning of the 0/7th century, Catholicism vigorously promoted the Baroque movement in order to resist the religious reform forces. In order to increase the appeal of Catholicism to the public, Baroque artists use drama and action expressions in their works to attract audiences.
For example, the Benigni version of "David" in this period grasped the instantaneous action and dynamic tension of turning around.
Baroque architecture also adopted dramatic techniques, transforming the straight lines of the Renaissance into smooth curves, exquisite domes and various decorations.
Artistic technique: contrast between light and dark, rendering a sense of drama through dark shadows and local light.
At the same time, Caravaggio injected this contrast between light and dark into the realism that the church appreciated and drew.
Baroque period marked that landscape became an acceptable painting theme,
For example, Claude Roland's works,
Rembrandt: contrast between light and shade, portrait
Rococo period began in18th century. Rococo art belongs to and serves the nobility. Rococo praises the leisure activities of the upper class. Exquisite, fragile and extravagant
Neoclassical style:
Rococo style marks the shift of cultural and fashion center from Rome to Paris. However, the dissoluteness of the nobles in Rococo period soon led to the French Revolution. The art world also has a resistance to rococo, which is neoclassicism.
(Neoclassicism),1Late 8th century. Very different from rococo. Neoclassical painters draw inspiration from works of the classical period. At that time, it coincided with the rise of the Enlightenment and attached great importance to reasoning logic and scientific knowledge. For serious painters, this is a serious era. For neoclassical painters, messy brushstrokes are not allowed.
Neoclassicism brought us the Parthenon, the Arc de Triomphe and Buckingham Palace in Paris.
Episode 6:/kloc-Art in the 0/9th century
Some artists don't like neoclassicists' understanding and expression of art, and the first rebels are called romantic painters.
Romance: romanticism
Romanticism has nothing to do with love, but arouses people's emotions, including panic, sadness, excitement and disgust. Romantic painters are very interested in any natural relationship and their emotional reactions to the danger, beauty and mystery of human beings in nature.
The other part is realism: realism.
Realistic painters do not have scenes full of dramatic historical events and phenomena, but only describe the life they have witnessed or felt.
65438+ photography appeared in 1930s, which can capture portraits of people faster, but only in black and white. So for art, the use of light and color is beyond the reach of photography.
Impressionism and impressionism brought color into the art field in an unprecedented way.
Monet, for example, shows the influence of light on color through the same thing at different times of the day. There are not too many fine lines, but mostly spots.
For example, Pierre Auguste's "Swing" captured sunlight shining through the shade of trees. Loose brushstrokes and blurred boundaries
Post-impressionism: Post-impressionism. Post-impressionism inherits impressionism, but adapts it to its own style.
For example, Paul Cezanne, whose paintings add more volume and structure, do not follow linear perspective, and work slowly (Cezanne's overall composition style also influenced later artists, such as Picasso).
For example, Van Gogh, contrary to Cezanne, showed his inexhaustible energy, vitality and colorful colors.
At the end of19th century, the art field was divided into many different sports. /kloc-In the 20th century, the art world gradually began to recognize and accept some definite themes and styles, such as Germany, France, Hungary, Asia and so on. The art world is constantly divided into different schools. Western art gradually has an international perspective, which paves the way for them to explore more radical art.
Aestheticism-Art Nouveau Movement (antoinio gaudi)-Symbolism (edvard munch's Shout)
New artistic style:
Episode 7: Art in the 20th Century
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Fauvism headed by henri matisse despised reality with color. Lots of bright colors.
Fauvism style:
Avantgarde is used to represent a new trend in the art field.
Barbereau Picasso
1907, Picasso created The Maiden of avignon. This groundbreaking work abandons the linear perspective and expression in traditional art, chooses the fragmented plane, deliberately makes the painting lose the li'ti three-dimensional sense, and starts a brand-new experimental movement: cubism.
Left: Fauvism; Right: Cubist Picasso
Cubist style:
19 16, dada movement, the only rule of dada is that there are no rules. absurd
Dadaism style:
Surrealism Style: Dreams and Fantasies
Abstract style: Born in the United States far from the chaos of World War II, it is more like an ideological point of view than a unique style.
As a representative figure, Jackson Pollock invented a new painting method, that is, dropping paint on a large canvas. Pollock danced by the canvas, sprinkled paint like a jazz musician and improvised according to his mood.
Abstract style:
Pop art style, pop art is a heavy blow to the central idea of abstract expressionism,
Combine high art with low art.
Rock and roll is popular in this era, and pop art makes their eyes "rock" psychedelic because of visual hallucinations.
Popular style:
Summary: Art in the 20th century is usually called modern art, and its most important point is experimental. With the passage of time, art has gradually shifted from group dominance to individual exploration of innovative expression.
Style science:
"Abstract art does not imitate or directly express the real external reality, no matter whether the artist gets inspiration from reality or not, no matter whether the painted objects can be understood. The basic idea is that color and shape themselves have artistic value. "
"Action painting is a painting method of splashing, pouring or dripping colors on canvas."
"Action painting is a painting method of splashing, pouring or dripping colors on canvas."
"Avant-garde refers to painters and writers whose skills are regarded as" advanced "at any given time."
Cubism is a painting style initiated by Picasso and Braque. It abandons the method of depicting objects from one angle, and overlaps several angles, often in a three-dimensional or geometric shape. The first stage is 1907- 1909, the second stage (analysis cubism) is1910/year, and the third stage (comprehensive cubism or collage cubism) is 1938.
Dada (Trojan Horse)/KOOC-0/9/KOOC-0/5 was founded in Zurich as an art movement, which enthusiastically opposed tradition, art and established institutions. It plays with public opinion by emphasizing absurd things. "
"Expressionism (19) is an art movement at the end of the 20th century, with Van Gogh as its pioneer and edvard munch as its main representative. It uses deliberate distortion and exaggeration with strong colors to achieve the purpose of expressing the painter's inner feelings. "
"favism is an artistic movement from 1905 to 1908, including Matisse, Luo, Duffy and others. It is characterized by strong colors, distorted images and flat graphics.
Futurism is an Italian literary movement about 1909- 19 16. Barra, Bochum and Sevrini are the main figures. They advocate a complete break with the art of the past and try to bring art into the brilliant modern world composed of what they call speed, violence and war.
Impressionism, an artistic movement, reached its climax in about 1870- 1880. This is a loose alliance of artists, including Monet, Renoir, Sisley and pissarro. They held an exhibition together. Its purpose is to express the impression of a scene, not to accurately reproduce the scene; It wants to capture the gaseous state, especially the gaseous state of outdoor scenery. It pays special attention to the flicker of light, and its paintings have no definite outline lines and use bright spots. "
Pop art deals with daily necessities, and regards the products of pop culture, such as advertisements, photos and beer cans, as art itself and applies them in works of art.
"Post-impressionism refers to Manet, Cezanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Seurat, Matisse, Luo, Picasso, etc. They held an exhibition in London on 19 10 to express their reaction to impressionism. "
"Surrealism (1924) was founded by Andre Braden, and its members included Magritte, Dali, Mei Sen and Ernst. It advocates the liberation of the painter's imagination and unconscious mentality, so that artists can get rid of rationality; It reconstructs dreams and creates pure nothingness and nonsense. "
Episode 8: Contemporary Art
OS: The development of art has a lot to do with the present era, people's thoughts, religion and technology. It is in this era background that the corresponding artistic style was born. Art is complicated.
From Egyptian art to modern art, we have covered thousands of years of artistic styles, ideas and characteristics. For art history, everything is just the tip of the iceberg, and there are too many things that cannot be covered.
However, the difficulty in analyzing contemporary art is that we are too close to it (only in this mountain), and we are part of this masterpiece. We can't say which artist or art movement is really important and influential to this era from the perspective of time development.
Misappropriation art: Misappropriation does not mean stealing, but endows the past works with new expression, appearance and meaning.
Art is always changing.