The animation market in the United States is very mature, and it is constantly improving itself with the rapid development of the film industry. In the history of world animation, American animation occupies an important position and has been leading the trend and development direction of world animation. It has a mature commercial animation operation mode, many successful studios and world-class animation design and production talent resources. Therefore, it is a well-deserved movie animation kingdom.
This paper introduces the development of American animation. We take the development of these famous animation companies as the main line, because their development witnessed the development of American animation industry.
1) Disney Company
"I hate doing things just to make money. Of course, you can't say that I don't value money. I have only one view of money. Don't pile it there, but use it to do something useful. " Walter? Disney
190 1 year 65438+February 5 Walter? Disney was born in a peasant family in Chicago, USA. As a teenager, he made a living by selling newspapers, but he dreamed of becoming a famous artist. After the outbreak of World War I, young Walter ended his student career and started his military career-a battlefield ambulance driver.
19 19 After the war, Walter began to advertise for animal cartoons.
1922, 22-year-old Walter came to Hollywood from his hometown alone and started his own animation studio, which started a hard journey.
1July, 925, 25-year-old Walter? Disney and Roy Brothers? Disney founded Disney Brothers Studio and filmed Alice in Wonderland and its series of films. In the same year, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Rabbit, a lucky rabbit released by Disney, was widely recognized by the society and had a great influence. "Disney Brothers" officially changed its name to "Walter? The name of Disney Company.
1928 is the most brilliant year for Disney. The brand image of Disney animation has been established, and the market operation of animation has also achieved great success. In this year, Walter and Fox collaborated to create Mickey Mouse, one of the greatest stars in the history of animation. It made its debut in the cartoon Crazy Plane, which immediately caused a great sensation and became a famous animation star. Disney's first animated Mickey Mouse series and the third steamboat Willie were also born in this year. Mickey Mouse is optimistic, enterprising, happy and naive, and soon became popular all over the world. Prouteau, who is timid, honest and sensitive, Goofy Dog, who is clumsy and slow to respond, and Donald Duck, who is famous for his bad temper, are born one after another. These animated stars not only brought honor to Disney, but also brought huge commercial profits. Their images have been developed into toys, stationery, clothing, household items and so on. , deeply loved by people, especially children.
Disney produced more than 60 animated short films from 1929 to 1939 * *, and achieved quite good results in these cartoons, including almost all the Oscar awards for best animal short films in this decade. For example, the flowers and trees in 1932, the three little pigs in 1933, the tortoise free competition in 1934, the three kittens in 1935, the country cousins in 1936 and so on.
What caught Disney's eye most was Snow White, the world's first animated feature film, which was shot at 1937. This cartoon quickly swept the United States and the world, making Disney unparalleled and second to none in the United States, and establishing the status of the American animation kingdom. 1937 became a landmark year for the development of Disney animation and American animation.
Disney has a tradition from 65438 to 0939, that is, it basically produces a feature film a year. This tradition was formed from 1939 to 1966. During these 27 years, he has created many famous works. For example, Pinocchio at 1940, Fantasia at 194 1, Bambi at 1942, Song of the South at 1946, and Song of the South at 1950. 196 10 1 loyal dog, 1963 sword in the stone. These films are all created by Disney itself.
Founder of Walter Disney? Disney, the brightest star in the animation industry, left us on 1966, bringing many beautiful dreams to the animation industry. His last work was The Jungle Book, which was not released until 1967.
Walter. After Disney's death, Disney Company was successively run by his brother Roy, Walter's son-in-law Miller and professional manager eisner. Disney, the head of Eisner, was in the 1980s. He made a great contribution to the rebirth of the company and made Disney shine again.
In the 1970s, Disney produced animated films such as Rescue Little Hero and Robin Hood. After the 1990s, Disney's film content began to expand to other countries' literature and story themes, which enriched the film content and broadened the creative thinking, resulting in pleasing works such as The Lion King, Romance in the Wind, Mulan and Mount Tai.
In recent years, computers have opened up a new world for Disney Company. Using computer technology, they released the first three-dimensional animated film Toy Story in 1995, followed by Finding Nemo, and the three-dimensional animated blockbuster Dinosaur released in 1999 pushed people's creativity to the extreme. Those simulated image performances are no less than movies led by Hollywood stars. The extreme simulation technology of these cartoons is at its peak, and even some people don't know that these films were created by computer technology after watching them.
Through the efforts and creation of Disney people, until today, Disney's leading position in the field of commercial animation is still unparalleled.
2) DreamWorks
DreamWorks-Disney's greatest enemy.
"DreamWorks" was founded by Jeffrey, former president of Dis production department, at the beginning of 1994. Great directors Kozenberg and Spielberg, music giant David? Griffin organized it. Among them, Nicozenberg once made Disney animation reach a peak. Since 1984, he has been the president of Disney's production department for ten years. He has successively produced cartoons such as The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King and Aladdin, and has made brilliant achievements. Its creation has formed a pattern of healthy competition with Disney, an old animation giant.
1998, DreamWorks' dreamlike and magnificent "The Prince of Egypt" was a blockbuster, which also made Disney feel ashamed that it had not made a breakthrough for decades. Representative works such as The Prince of Egypt, golden road, an animated cartoon imitating Disney's model, Little Ant's Soldier, and Chicken Run, made DreamWorks break through Disney's monopoly.
DreamWorks released Shrek in the summer vacation of 200 1, which really surprised its rival Disney. This film made the movie Atlantis: The Lost Empire, which Disney spent seven years trying to make, lose its due glory. More importantly, it allowed Disney to invest $6,543.8+$700 billion in the film masterpiece Pearl Harbor. The reason is that Shrek, a fully computer-animated film, is unattractive and has green hair, but it is very attractive. It has not only won the love of countless audiences, but also won high praise from film critics.
3) Warner Film Company
Warner Bros. was founded in the 1920s, and it was not until the 1930s that it began to make cartoons. However, I encountered difficulties on the way, and once closed the animation department. From 1962 to the 1990s, I resumed the animation business.
From 1930, Warner Corporation began to produce a series of animated short films with a length of 6 minutes, such as Bugs Rabbit, Crazy Tune, daffy duck and other works, Happy Melody, Pigeonpea and so on. These short films were favored by film companies at that time and became their first choice before the film was released. Among them, bugs bunny, daffy duck and other characters became classic animation stars in history, and the most dazzling star was bugs bunny, who was nominated for three Oscars and became the owner of the Oscar statuette with 1958.
Tom and Jerry was created by Hollywood animation legend Wei Jian? Hannah and Joseph. Babela was co-authored by 1939 * * *. It is a famous animation brand of Warner Bros. in America and one of the best cartoons in the world. Since its creation, this cartoon has been warmly loved by fans all over the world, and its achievements are still dazzling.
1988 Who framed Roger Rabbit? 1996 Who framed basketball superstar Michael? Jordan starred in two films released by Warner Corporation, Slam Dunk in the Air, which was a sensation. Many years later, Warner Company brought together Hollywood movie stars and animation stars such as bugs bunny, Toffee Ya, Porky Pig, Martians, Elmer Fudd, Dazui, Yosemite Sam, BB Bird, Suspected Wolf, Cui Di, Sylvester, etc., and grandly released the movie Tale of Stars, which received good results.
4) Columbia company
Columbia film company was founded in 1920, formerly known as CBC film sales company, by H. Cohen, J. The Cohen brothers and J. Brandt was founded in Hollywood. They used to be employees of Universal Pictures. The company began to make short comedy films, and 1924 was renamed to its current name. Through their unremitting efforts, they finally developed into one of the eight American film companies after 10.
1999, Columbia released "Little Mouse", which shocked the American film market and became the top box office in the United States, and lasted for several weeks. The style of this film is humorous and full of family atmosphere. It is completed by real people, animal actors and three-dimensional animated images, which brings freshness to people.
In 2005, Columbia Company completed the animation masterpiece Final Fantasy, which cost nearly1.200 million. It lasted for four years. In order to complete this huge project, the Colombian company has made great efforts in organizational structure: it has organized hundreds of cartoonists and computer technicians to design paintings and animations, and set up a special production room. Its movie background design blueprint is different, and the terrain of new york and Los Angeles is shot by special personnel. The action scenes in the film used a combination of reality and reality, and 80% of them used the most advanced computer animation technology at that time. Even the details such as the texture of characters and the folds of clothes reached an unprecedented level of realism.
5) Fox Company
Fox Film Company was established in May 1935, which was one of the eight major Hollywood film companies in 1930s and 1940s. This company was formed by the merger of Fox Film Company, a large silent film company, and 20th Century Film Company.
1997, Fox released the animated film "true and false princess", which tells the story of true and false princess, a famous Russian Romanov dynasty, and is also the first animated film about this content of Fox. Although the historical theme was renovated, it did not achieve the expected effect, that is, it left a name in the history of animation.
In 2000, Fox released the animated film Titan A. E, named Frozen Earth, which is the second film after true and false princess. This is a science fiction cartoon with the theme of saving mankind and the earth. The film is 95 minutes long, and the plot is dangerous and fascinating. The picture is magnificent, and the scene music draws lessons from the tricks of Star Wars. It belongs to animation PG, mainly aimed at young audiences. This cartoon adopts the combination of traditional animation and CGI animation, that is, computer animation generation technology, which is rarely used when creating cartoons.
In 2002, The Frozen Planet released by Fox Company received a mediocre response in the animation market, because its story was out of date and was not welcomed by the audience. Therefore, the company was forced to take measures to lay off employees and cut the animation department. Later, it invested 60 million yuan to sign a contract with Blue Sky Studio, and it took three years to produce the popular cartoon Ice Age. "Ice Age" chose the story of abandoning one's son and returning home, which infected the fans with a humorous and affectionate style and became the first animated feature film with a box office of over 200 million, which made Fox gain a firm foothold in the animation field.
In 2005, Blue Sky Studio released the second animated feature film Robot Adventure after Ice Age. At the same time, their original two animated short films were nominated for Oscar. Although it is only a nomination, it is of great significance to Fox Film Company. It marks that the monopoly of Disney and DreamWorks in the animation market has been broken, and the Hollywood animation industry has since had competitors with Disney and DreamWorks.
6) Paramount Company
Paramount Company was founded in 19 12, which was formed by the merger of an American actor company and a feature film company. In the fifties and sixties, the American film industry began to slump, and its income declined seriously. Paramount has not escaped this fate. 1966, Petroleum Capital Group acquired Paramount, which went downhill, and made it a subsidiary of Gulf and Western oil companies. In the 1970s, the American film industry began to regain its former glory, and Paramount slowly recovered its former appearance through this east wind.
Paramount has a long history, and Disney is a giant in the animation kingdom. They are not in the same breath. However, in recent years, Paramount's cartoons "The Adventure of Cotton Box" and "Genius Boy: Jimmy" have been widely praised, among which "Genius Boy: Jimmy" is the most famous and has been nominated for best animation at the Oscar. After creating these well-received cartoons, Paramount also made games and cartoons, from which it benefited a lot. In the later operation, Paramount acquired DreamWorks, an animation upstart that can compete with Disney, and its competitiveness in the animation market has been greatly enhanced. Coupled with the successful operation mode of the genius Jimmy and the rich practical experience of DreamWorks, Paramount will definitely have amazing performance in the future.
Independent animators in the United States set off a wave of anti-commercial animation after the 1980s. Their cartoons have different production routes and styles, which are completely different from the mainstream animation industry in the United States. Some of these works criticize the secular, and some are spontaneous improvisations by the creators, who often choose short stories as the form of concentrated expression. Since then, the expressive force of American comics has been enriched with the appearance of these works.
Characteristics of American animation development;
After a long period of development, American cartoons have formed distinctive features. American animation occupies an important position in the history of world animation and has been leading the trend and development direction of world animation.
First, frequently enrich the animation peripheral products.
Second, he is good at modeling and launching animated stars;
The third happy ending, with fewer tragedies, caters to the psychological needs of the audience;
Fourth, pay attention to detail description, suit both refined and popular tastes, and cater to the audience's aesthetic taste;
Fifth, animal images are exaggerated and become a cartoon model widely used for reference;
Sixth, there is little difference between the character modeling design specification and the prototype, and the image is beautiful;
Seventh, the combination of digital technology and film technology makes the picture achieve perfect effect;
Eighth, drama films are the mainstay, with tortuous plots, vivid and interesting characters, distinctive personalities and beautiful music;
introduce
& lt& lt Dexter's Lab >> is a black humorous work that I like very much. The story begins with a small family in America that looks as normal as the average person. A pair of kind and caring parents and a pair of children with completely different personalities. Dexter, the protagonist of the story, is a gifted boy, only seven years old. He has an underground secret laboratory known only to his sister, the genus Rhinopithecus. The whole story revolves around how Dexter completed his great experiment while avoiding the genus Rhinopithecus.
Dexter did well in school, and his only enemy was his classmate Manke. His laboratory is several times larger than Dexter's and its equipment is more advanced. But Manke has a crush on Dexter's sister, the monkey.
This is the online viewing address/search/program/? Posto =% Search %2F Program% 2f & KW =% B5% C2% blast furnace% CB% CB% B9% CC% D8% B5% C4% CA% B5% D1%E9% CA% D2 & Navigation search target = 0 & Comefrom =1