Analysis on the War of Qin Dynasty Destroying Six Countries
English Name: The Battle of Qin Destroying Six Countries
Participating troops: Qi Chu, Han Yan and Zhao Weiqin.
The result of the war: Qin unified China.
Time: 230 BC to 22 BC1year.
Character: Qin Shihuang, Li Jian, Mirror Edition
Details of the Battle of Qin Destroying Six Countries
Combine Korea and destroy Zhao.
Before Qin attacked Zhao, according to the plan of Reese and Liao Wei, Qin started a Yanzhao war with the help of spies. After the Yan-Zhao War broke out, Qin started to attack Zhao under the pretext of aiding Yan to resist Zhao. Qin Jun attacked Zhao from the west, northwest and south, but focused on the south of Zhao, leaving Zhao's army in a dilemma of fighting on both sides and being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis. In the winter of the eleventh year of Qin Shihuang (236 BC), the two countries were at war, and the State of Qin sent Wang Jian to attack Taihang Mountain, a strategic place coveted by the State of Qin, which was pulled out by the State of Qin in one fell swoop, thus opening the way to attack Handan from the west. Qin led the army to attack (north) and successfully conquered it, which made the northwest of Handan lose its barrier. Qin Huankun's army set out from Nanyang and occupied Anyang. At this time, it has advanced to the south of Handan, and it is only separated from Handan, the capital of Zhao State, by Zhangshui and several cities. Although there were 300,000 people, they met with stubborn resistance from Zhao's 200,000 troops. After they captured the above areas, they were blocked on the spot.
Later, after continuous operations, Qin Shihuang organized the original north-south three-way offensive troops into 1 independent combat units under the command of Huan Kun. In the 13th year of Qin Shihuang (234 BC), this newly formed army attacked Nanzhao again. Huan Kun avoided crossing the river from the front, but crossed the river from the lower reaches of the Zhanghe River, bypassing the side of the Zhao army and attacking Pingyang in the southeast of Handan. The two armies fought in Pingyang, Zhao was defeated, 65438+ ten thousand people were beheaded and Zhao was killed. The prince of Zhao used Li Mu, a famous northern frontier fortress, as commander in chief. Li once wiped out 654.38+10,000 Xiongnu invaders, which was a great shock to the frontier and had the strongest fighting capacity. Li Mu led the troops back to Zhao, and immediately launched a fierce battle with the army in Fei Xia, Yi 'an, which dealt a heavy blow to the rout of Qin Jun, and only the viceroy Huan Kun led a few guards to break through and escape. South Korea is the smallest among the seven countries, but its position is the most important. It stifled Qin's eastward advance from Hangu Pass, and if Qin wanted to merge and destroy the six countries, it must first destroy Korea, thus forming a continuous situation of Qin-Korea war. After Qin's repeated attacks, South Korea's land has been shrinking, and South Korea expressed its willingness to become a vassal of Qin. In the seventeenth year of Qin Shihuang and the ninth year of Wang Han (230 BC), Qin Wei completely destroyed Korea and sent Nestor to attack Korea again. Korea is really unbearable. Nestor ordered Qin Jun to conquer Han Wandu (Nanyang) and occupy Wang Hanan, and changed the acquired Korean land to Yingchuan County. In this way, South Korea became the first country to be destroyed at that time.
In the fifteenth year of Qin Shihuang, the king of Zhao moved for four years (232 BC), and Qin dispatched the northern and southern armies to attack Zhao.
Li Mu, the commander-in-chief of Zhao, decided to concentrate his forces and attack north. After winning, he attacked Qin Jun in the south. Zhao is flexible and quick under the command of Li Mu. He first gave a heavy blow, then attacked, pursued him, expelled him from Zhao's territory, and immediately returned to the south. Overwhelming, Qin Jun by the Zhanghe River heard the news and left without fighting. Qin Jun, Shangdang and other places have also retreated, afraid to fight again. Qin Jun's third large-scale attack failed. Although Zhao suffered repeated battles and defeats under the command of Li Mu, the loss of troops was hard to make up, and the existing troops alone could not fight against Qin for a long time, so it was necessary to seek foreign aid immediately. At this time, Chu and Wei were weak, and the relationship between Yan and Zhao was not good. Only by uniting with Qi and striving for the support of Qi's manpower and material resources can we compete with Qin. Aware of Zhao's attempt, Qin immediately sent a group of advisers to Qi to lobby, trying to destroy the alliance between Qi and Zhao and isolate Zhao. Qin did not lose the opportunity, and then launched a large-scale attack.
In the seventeenth year of Qin Shihuang and the sixth year of moving the capital (230 BC), there was a drought in Zhao, and the following year Qin attacked Zhao again on a large scale. So he sent the north and south armies and sent some minority soldiers to fight; While Zhao continued to fight under the command of Li Mu and Sima Shang. Qin Jun fought hard, but the result was not optimistic. The King of Qin and his advisers thought that Li Mu had blocked Qin's two attacks on Zhao, and they all felt that they could not win militarily. So they switched to double agents, paid a lot of money to buy Zhao's traitors, slandered Li Mu and Sima Shang in front of Zhao, and attempted rebellion. The Prince of Zhao rashly dismissed Li Mu and Sima Shang without analysis, replaced Zhao Cong and Yan Ju as the commander-in-chief of Zhao, and killed the famous Li Mu by mistake.
Zhao Wangqian was cheated by Qin, paving the way for Qin to destroy Zhao. However, the enemy was defeated by Wang Jian and killed by Qin Jun. Yan Jun packed up the beaten army and went back to Handan to hold on. The traitor was bought by the state of Qin, willing to work for the state of Qin and persuaded him to surrender in many ways. Zhao Gongzi's family resolutely opposed it and advocated fighting to the end, leading clans and guests to participate in the defense of the capital Handan. But the prince of Zhao lost his fighting spirit, let Guo, a traitor, spread the cloth and ordered Kaicheng to surrender to Qin Jun.
After Qin captured Handan, Zhao perished. In order to replace the king, Gong Zijia fled to (now the northeast of Yuxian County, Hebei Province) to become king. In the first 222 years, Wang Ben, the general of Qin Dynasty, was defeated, and Gongzijia committed suicide (or moved to Xirong). Zhao, founded more than 250 years ago, finally perished.
Battle of destroying Wei
After Zhao was destroyed by Qin, Qin wanted to destroy Chu in the south, but there was also Wei in the middle. Although Wei had only a few cities near Daliang (Kaifeng), it was an obstacle for Qin to enter Chu, so he decided to destroy Wei before cutting Chu. So Wei is still here? The hub of the world? It has a superior strategic situation, but Wei's strength has been greatly weakened due to frequent wars. Over the years, under the attack of Qiang Qin, the territory north of Weihe River was annexed. In the twenty-second year of Qin Shihuang and the third year of Wei (225 BC), Qin sent troops to attack Wei. Wang Ben, commander-in-chief of the Qin battlefield, thought that the wall of Daliang was strong and difficult to attack and pull in a short time, so he led the water from Dagou to irrigate Daliang City. After three months of war, the Great Wall collapsed, Wei Wangjia came out and was killed by Wang Ben. Wei perished and Qin built it as the East County.
Battle of Chu
After Qin Jun destroyed Zhao, Yan and Wei, he immediately attacked Chu. At that time, Chu was a big country in southern China, with western and southeastern Henan, southern Shandong, Hubei and Hunan provinces, east of Dongting Lake, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
At this time, Chu already had the strength needed to fight against Qin. Qin Shihuang believed it, and the young and brave Li Xin led thousands of soldiers to pursue Yan Taizi Dan in Yanshui and won. He is an ideal general who leads troops to attack Chu. So he entrusted him with an important task and asked Li Xin, "If we send troops to attack Chu, how many soldiers and horses will we need?" ? Li Xin replied? But what about 200,000 people? . The first emperor asked Wang Jian again. Wang Jian said? Does it have to be 600 thousand people? . The first emperor disagreed with Wang Jian's opinion, but agreed with Li Xin's statement and immediately said:? If you are old, why are you afraid? Li Zhen is brave, and his words are true. ? Wang Jian's words were useless, and he retired after illness. Li Xin was appointed commander-in-chief, and Meng Tian led 200,000 troops to attack Chu. Li Xin concentrated its forces on Yingchuan County. In view of the fact that the border of Qin Chu is mostly plain and there is no danger, he thinks that the purpose of this action is to annihilate the field army of Chu. Li Xin judged that when Qin Jun attacked Chu, in order to resist Qin Jun's attack, the Chu army would concentrate its forces on both sides of Rushui, that is, the border between Huaiyang, Shangshui and Shangcai. Then decided to take two wings to surround and annihilate the Chu army. So it was decided that Meng Tian would command some troops, advance along the banks of the Ruhe River, and attack the Chu army from the front. The main force was commanded by Li Xin himself, from the south of Rushui, through Wuyang, Pingyu, Xincai and Yingshang, bypassing the left wing of the Chu army, joining forces with the Mengtian army, encircling the Chu army and gathering for annihilation.
Qin Jun ruled out the resistance of the Chu Border Army, and launched an attack on Bedding and Pingyu in the north of Ruhe River, thus defeating the Chu Army. Li Xinjun occupied Pingyu and Meng Tianjun occupied Bedroom City. Qin Jun did not encounter any major resistance from ChuJun. After he occupied the two cities, he crossed the Red River and moved eastward.
Xiang Yan, commander-in-chief of the Chu army, changed the marching direction with Qin Jun, went deep alone, immediately led the main force of the Chu army, made great efforts to pursue Qin Jun in Tangxi, hit Qin Jun and Li Xin hard, and led the army to retreat in the direction of the city father. The Chu army pursued victory and fought day and night for three days. The camp built by Qin Jun recently was breached by the Chu army. A surname of seven first-class generals was killed, and Li Xinjun suffered heavy losses. Thanks to the cover of Meng Tianjun, the father of the city, Li Xincai was able to break through and escape to the territory of Qin to avoid being captured. This is another major setback after the Qin unified war relayed the Yi 'an War.
Qin Jun suffered a major setback. Although Qin Shihuang felt that he had chosen the wrong commander-in-chief, his determination to destroy Chu did not waver, and he continued the war to destroy Chu. After Li Xin's defeat, Wang Jian had to be reactivated as commander-in-chief of Qin Jun. Qin Shihuang abdicated and went to Yang Pin, Wang Jian's hometown, and invited Wang Jian to be the commander-in-chief of Qin Jun. Wang Jian declined politely, saying that he was in poor health and it was difficult to make it. Qin Shihuang insisted that he go to war and asked him what he wanted. Wang Jian said at this time:? The king will have to use his ministers instead of 600 thousand people? . Qin Shihuang agreed. Wang Jian then succeeded Li Xin as commander-in-chief and led 600,000 troops to fight against Chu. Qin Shihuang personally sent Wang Jian to the Qinshui River in the suburbs of Beijing. Wang Jian asked the king of Qin to give him more farmhouses. The king of Qin agreed to his request, and Wang Jian walked eastward with his troops.
According to the long-term combat experience in the past, Wang Jian knows that both Chu and Zhao have strong fighting will and can fight and defend. Recently, the Chu army defeated Qin Jun under the command of Li Xin, with high morale and high morale. He has no chance of winning against such an enemy, and if he acts carelessly, it will also affect the future of the whole war. Therefore, after Wang Jian entered the State of Chu, he ordered the troops to build solid base areas in Shangshui, Shangcai and Pingyu, hold on to them and forbid troops to fight. Rest and stand by, so the two sides have been at loggerheads for months without major fighting.
Qin Chujun marched eastward on a large scale and concentrated all his forces to fight. At that time, the state of Qin had destroyed Sanjin, so there was no worries, and there was a lot of material support to fight a protracted war. Chu is far behind both militarily and politically. Commander-in-Chief Xiang Yan still concentrated the main forces of Chujun on the north bank of Shouchun Huaihe River, waiting for Qin Jun's attack. The king of Chu blamed Xiang Yan for being afraid of war and sent several people to urge him to take the initiative to attack Qin Jun. Xiang Yan's army had to attack Qin Jun, but Qin Jun's camp could not be broken, and Qin Jun refused to fight. Xiang Yan was helpless and led the army eastward. Wang Jian immediately ordered the whole army to pursue the Chu army blocked by the vortex river. When the two sides met, the Chu army was defeated and fled east. Qin Jun chased it to the south and pacified the whole State of Chu. Xiang Yan, the general of Chu, was killed, and Wang Jian led an army to Shouchun, the capital of Chu. Shouchun was captured by Qin Jun, and Xiong Fuchu, the king of Chu, was captured alive. Qin Jun marched into Qin 'an, and after 1 years of fighting, Chu, known as the southern power, fell apart.
In the twentieth year of Qin Shihuang (227 BC), the Qin Dynasty sent Wang Jian and Xin Sheng to lead the army against the State of Yan. Commander-in-Chief Wang Jian made a direct attack on Ji Cheng, the capital of Yan State, his operational goal. At the same time, it is judged that the Yanjun must rely on the rivers that Zhao Yan Avenue passes through to resist, especially Yishui, a larger river in the Zhao Yan world, which must be heavily guarded and should not put its main force into frontal attack. The lower reaches of Yishui River are deep and wide, making it difficult to cross the river. Surrounded by mountains in the upper reaches of Yishui, the Yan army in front of Yishui can surprise and win easily. Therefore, Wang Jian decided to take some troops from Zhongshan (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province) to attack Yan in the north. The Yan army of Zhaojiabu and the Zhao army joined forces to attack on the north shore of Xiao. Wang Jian, with Qin Jun as the main force, detoured the upper reaches of Xiao River, surrounded the Yanjun right wing in Xiao River, and the two sides met in the west of Xiao River. Defeated the Yan army, Zhao withdrew from the county seat, and the remnants of the Yan army retreated. Qin Jun continued to attack Yan, breaking the resistance of Yan and besieging Yan. Yan didn't have the determination to stick to the capital, so he retreated to Liaodong and won. Immediately after Wang Jian conquered the capital of Yan State, he sent Li Xin to chase the Yan army back to the east and catch up with the areas led by Yan Taizi Dan. At this time, the rulers of the Yan State who fled to the Liaohe River Basin believed that the attack on the Yan State was entirely caused by the plot of the assassination of the Prince, and the disaster began with the Prince. Zhao Jia also suggested that the prince of Yan kill Taizi Dan and offer his first sacrifice to the State of Qin for peace. So the prince killed Taizi Dan and made peace for the first time, but Qin Jun didn't stop the military attack.
Qin Jun pursued the remnants of Yan State to Liaodong, because the place was remote and had little to do with the overall situation, so he mobilized troops to resist Chu. After about three years, Qin defeated Chu, and he turned to send troops to attack Liaodong under the command of Wang Ben. Yan Jun was powerless to resist, and Rebecca was occupied by Qin Jun. Qin immediately transferred troops to attack Dai Jun. Although Zhao Jia led his army to fight, he finally failed and committed suicide.
Battle of destroying Yan
In the process of destroying Zhao, the army of Qin reached the border of Yan. The prince is in a state of panic. Seeing that Qin destroyed Sanjin, he wanted to commit suicide, but there was nothing he could do. Yan Taizi Dan finally came up with a desperate assassination, that is, the famous Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin in history, which was in 227 BC. The assassination failed, but the king of Qin almost died under Jing Ke's dagger. He hated Yan deeply and immediately sent more troops to attack. In 226 years ago, Qin Jun captured Yan Dou thistle (now Beijing), and Yan and Taizi Dan fled to Liaodong County. Li Xin, the general of Qin Dynasty, led thousands of people to pursue Taizi Dan to Yanshui in Qin Jun. Prince Taizi Dan survived because he was lurking in the water. Later, after weighing the interests, Wang Xi of Yan sent someone to kill Taizi Dan and dedicate his head to Qin, hoping to get a truce and keep Yan. After Prince Xi fled to Liaodong, Qin Jun's main force was transferred to the downtown to attack Chu. In the first 222 years (the 25th year of the King of Qin), Wang Ben was ordered to attack the remnants of Yan State in Liaodong, capture Yan, and Yan State was completely destroyed.
Battle of destroying qi
After the invasion of the Yan army, Qi was so weakened that it did not have the strength to participate in the political and military struggle between the eastern countries and Qin. In the war of annexing Zhao, Han, Yan, Wei and Chu, Qi stood by. Once upon a time, at the critical moment of the battle between Qin and Zhao Changping, Zhao asked Qi for help and supplies. Zhou Zi, who had political foresight, once said to the King of Qi: What's more, both Zhao Zhi and Qi Chu were defending themselves, but they still had lips. When their lips died, their teeth became cold. If Zhao dies today, Qi Chu will suffer tomorrow. , urged to take the initiative to help zhao. Jing did not accept this proposal with a strategic eye. Later, although the vassal States jointly crusaded against Qin several times, Qi avoided participating or failed to participate in the war in an attempt to please Qin.
Jian 'an succeeded to the throne for more than 40 years. The wars among Sanjin, Chu, Yan and Qin continued. Because Qi and Qin did not share the same border, he was not attacked and lived in a peaceful environment for a long time. He didn't prepare for the war and prepare for the war, and his political numbness was amazing. Qi himself is incompetent, and Qi Housheng is also a greedy person. Hou Sheng bribed Hou Sheng with heavy money for many years, serving Qin's far-reaching and near-attacking strategy, and persuading Qi to surrender to Qin all day long, and the ruling and opposition parties had no fighting spirit. Therefore, when Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms, although Qi had more than 70 cities, it was still vulnerable.
In the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 BC), the army led by Qin Wangben suddenly attacked from the south of Yan State, aimed at the northern border and took Linzi directly. Qi was unprepared for this battle, and there were no soldiers to fight. After King Qixiang successfully persuaded him to surrender, Jian surrendered without a fight. Qi put the sent to this place between * * * and starvation. The king of subjugation, who was greedy for pleasure and lost his country, came to a proper end.
The number of casualties in the Qin Dynasty when six countries were destroyed.
In the war of annexing six countries, the number of people killed by Qin is unknown, but there are some records of the soldiers beheaded in the defeated country in Historical Records. Historical records? Tian Lei? "Biography of Wang Jian" contains: General Bai Qi of the State of Qin led an army to defeat the joint forces of Korea and Wei in Yi Que, captured 240,000 heads and occupied five cities; Lead the army to attack Wei, capture General Wei San alive, and behead him 1.3 million. After winning the battle with Jia Yan, the general of Zhao, he threw his opponent's 20,000 prisoners into the Yellow River. Attacked Hongcheng, South Korea, and beheaded 50,000. In the battle with Zhao Jun Changping, 400,000 prisoners were all buried alive. More than 450,000 Zhao troops were beheaded and buried alive before and after this campaign. According to Sima Qian's account, the army led by Bai Qi beheaded nearly 900,000 people.
The Chronology of Chinese and Foreign History, edited by Mr. Jane Bozan, counts the number of beheadings of Qin Jun:
? In 33 1 year BC, he was defeated by Wei and beheaded by 80 thousand; Before 3 12, the Chu-breaker was in Danyang and beheaded 80 thousand. In the first 307 years, Yiyang broke and beheaded 60 thousand people. 30 1 year ago, he was defeated by Chongqiu and beheaded by 20 thousand; In the first 300 years, he attacked Chu and took Xiangcheng, beheading 30 thousand; In the first 293 years, the allied forces of Korea and Wei were defeated by Yi Que, and 240,000 people were beheaded. In the first 280 years, he attacked Zhao and beheaded 20 thousand; In the first 275 years, he broke the Korean army and beheaded 40 thousand; In the first 274 years, Yu Weihua broke it and beheaded 150,000; In the first 260 years, Zhao Jun was defeated by Changping, and 450,000 people died in the pit. In the first 256 years, he attacked Korea and beheaded 40 thousand; Attack Zhao again and behead 90 thousand; In the first 234 years, Zhao Pingyang was attacked and 100,000 people were killed.
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