The development history of volleyball
Volleyball is the symbol of volleyball and the buffer position of volleyball. Volleyball originated in America. 1895 in Holyoake, Massachusetts (formerly known as Massachusetts), a man named William &; MiddotG & ampmiddot Morgan's sports staff invented it. Tennis and basketball were very popular at that time. Mr Morgan thinks basketball is too intense and tennis is too little. He wants to find an indoor entertainment with moderate exercise and strong interest, which is suitable for men, women and children. He wanted to move tennis, which was popular at that time, indoors and play it with his hands on the basketball court.
At the beginning of the game, he hung the tennis net on the basketball court and played the game with the basketball net like tennis. However, the indoor basketball court is small and volleyball is easy to go out of bounds, so he made some improvements: First, he changed the rule that tennis lets the ball land and then returns to the ground. Second, the shape of volleyball is changed to 25-27 inches in circumference and 225-340 grams in weight. Third, basketball is too big and too heavy to play in the expected way, so we play basketball instead. And basketball is too timid and erratic in the air. It is inconvenient to play and difficult to control. However, because the trial effect was good, I decided to use this ball. Although the international standard ball has undergone thousands of improvements in a hundred years, the specifications of the ball are almost the same as those of the first generation.
The first volleyball rule is American Morgan (William &; MiddotG & ampmiddot Morgan) is published by spaulding Sports Publishing House. At that time, it was stipulated to adopt "rotation system" and "15 points per game", while in 19 18, the number of players was stipulated to be 6. Since then, six-a-side volleyball has become popular in Europe and America.
Springfield College is the birthplace of volleyball. The YMCA of Springfield College was the first organization to spread volleyball and hold the first volleyball exhibition match. YMCA officials, missionaries, students who graduated from Springfield College, and American troops who participated in World War I all became the original communicators of volleyball. Volleyball was first introduced to Canada in 1900. It was introduced to India in Asia in the same year. 1914-1918. During World War I, volleyball was brought to Europe by the US military. As for when, where and by whom volleyball was introduced into China, there is no way to verify it. However, the existing historical data prove that as early as 1905, volleyball activities have been carried out in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and other places in southern China. In the early days when volleyball was introduced to China, apart from some churches and schools, the Christian church also played a considerable role in promoting and spreading this project.
Volleyball was introduced to Asia in 1900. The initial number of players is 16 instead of 6. According to Philippine volleyball introducer, American F &；; Mr. middotS· Blank said: "At that time, there was a gym in the United States, which was more suitable for six-a-side volleyball. There are many Asians, mostly outdoors. Take into account that most people can participate in volleyball. " Therefore, Mr. F & middotS Blanc and F&; Mr middotH Blanc introduced 16 volleyball to the Philippines and Japan. So the first Far East Games adopted 19 13. 19 19 The 4th Far East Games will be staged in 12-person competition system, and the 8th Far East Games will be staged in 1927 9-person competition system. 1950 In July, the rules and competition methods of six-a-side volleyball were introduced for the first time at the national summer study meeting for sports workers held by the All-China Sports Federation. Since then, six-a-side volleyball has gradually developed throughout the country.
Volleyball Since the 1 World Men's Volleyball Championship was held in 1949, the international volleyball has made great progress. Volleyball, in particular, has been attached great importance by many countries since it was included in the official competition in the 1964 Olympic Games, and its technical and tactical development has entered a new stage. In 1950s, the achievements of volleyball in the Soviet Union and some countries in Eastern Europe were always in the leading position. In the 1960s, the Japanese women's volleyball team won the world championship. In 1970s, Asian teams such as Japanese, China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea and South Korea were famous for their fast and changeable style of play. The Cuban team, which is good at bouncing in Latin America, and the American women's volleyball team, which has made rapid progress, have also attracted people's attention. At the beginning of the 1980 season, the world women's volleyball team presented a top five confrontation among China, Japan, the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States. Judging from the men's volleyball team, the tall and mighty Soviet team is still in the leading position. Bulgaria, Romania, Cuba, China, Poland, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Italy and South Korea are also competing to upgrade their technology in an all-round way. In today's volleyball match, teams from Brazil, China, the United States, the Netherlands, Cuba, Russia, Japan, Italy, Germany and Poland are competing with each other, and teams from Thailand, Dominica and Puerto Rico are also advancing by leaps and bounds.
Characteristics of the development of volleyball tactics
The characteristics and development trends of volleyball techniques and tactics in the contemporary world are as follows:
This technology is comprehensive and professional.
At present, although there is no new service technology, teams are competing to adopt long-distance floating ball, "high-hanging ball" and some new service methods and strategies, trying to find ways to destroy the opponent's cushion ball, thus undermining the composition of their fast-break tactics. In the first level, due to the increase of training time and proportion and the improvement of buffering technology, the error rate is greatly reduced and the in-place rate is significantly improved. In the future, we must adapt to various forms of service in order to create conditions for the formation of fast break. In the aspect of spike, firstly, it breaks the restriction of run-up and take-off in a certain step and direction, and adopts various take-off with variable steps and directions to adapt to various on-the-spot situations; Second, it broke the restriction of special division of labor, requiring both fastball and storm; The third is to break the limit of positioning spike and demand to achieve attack in active running; Fourth, it broke the limit of 3-point attack and developed into front row live attack and back row deep attack.
In blocking, the run-up swing arm is used to fully spread its shoulders and arms after high jump, and the continuous take-off technique is used to deal with fast attack; When dealing with transposition attack, we not only use man-to-man and man-to-man blocking, but also sometimes use new overlapping blocking; When dealing with individual tactical spike, it is emphasized to improve the independent combat ability of individual blocking. Sometimes, we use the transfer of hands in the air to block the line-changing spike, and use the back of our hands to block the ball, trying to organize a quick counterattack after blocking. In the back row defense, it is emphasized to master a variety of defense techniques and constantly develop new technologies, such as rolling shoulder defense techniques to roll and various blocking techniques.
High play and quick change promote each other.
Over the years, the tactical styles of volleyball in the world have formed two main different styles, namely, the Asian style with rapid changes as the main body and the European style with strong attacks as the main body. With the strengthening of international communication and the development of techniques and tactics, the two styles have been learning from each other and using each other, gradually narrowing their differences and tending to blend and combine with each other. Some teams also learn new ways of playing and form their own unique style on the basis of inheriting and developing their original specialties according to their own specific conditions. On the premise of inheriting and developing the fast attack style, Asian teams strive to improve their ability to break through the storm.
European-style teams actively absorb the fast-break style while constantly improving the level of strong attack. Judging from the development trend of volleyball technology, it is difficult to defeat powerful opponents by relying solely on height and strength, or by relying solely on speed and technology. The top teams in China have developed their own unique style of play based on their own conditions, drawing lessons from other countries' strengths, insisting on the combination of height and speed, and combining storm with rapid change.
With the development of rules and technology, the height factor has become an important condition for top teams in the world. The height factor is manifested in two aspects: First, the figure is outstanding. Judging from the volleyball match of 1980 Olympic Games, the average height of the world's top teams and women's volleyball teams is around 1.77 meters, and there are generally 4-5 people who exceed 1.80 meters; The average height of men's volleyball team is above 1.92 meters. For teams with a height of 1.94m, each team has 7-9 tall players, and some shorter teams are also trying to find tall players for training. The second is to play high jump. All teams attach great importance to the training and improvement of special jumping ability. As an excellent volleyball player in the world, the height of women's volleyball team is generally above 3.05 meters, that of men's volleyball team is generally above 3.50 meters, and that of men's volleyball team can reach 3.76 meters.
The increase of players' height and the enhancement of offensive ability have intensified the confrontation of online interception. The success or failure of modern volleyball matches largely depends on the online competition ability based on comprehensive technology. Spiking and blocking are the most important scoring methods in the game. Without a strong attack and tight blocking defense, it is impossible to resist the attack and win the ball by relying solely on the back row defense.
Offensive tactics are fast, high and changeable.
At present, the tactics of volleyball offensive in the world are developing rapidly, and are developing in the direction of high acceleration, storm and accelerated attack, strength and skill, frontier and depth.
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Articles related to the development history of volleyball;
1. The development of volleyball in China
2. The origin of volleyball
3. The development trend of volleyball
4. Introduction of volleyball rules
5. A brief introduction to the history of China National Women's Volleyball Team.
6. Inspirational quotations about volleyball.
7. The origin of volleyball and the change of rules.