I. History and Culture of Bazhong
The bas-relief on the cliff
The cliff statues in Bazhong have many characteristics, exquisite shapes and meticulous craftsmanship, and have gathered statues of various Buddhist factions. For example, the cliff statue in the south niche not only has various forms of grotto lintel and edge decoration carving, but also is decorated with colorful cluster beads and curtain tassels, showing the mysterious color of religion. There are a lot of flying angel music, not only many musical instrument brands, but also different flying postures, which is the concentrated embodiment of Bazhong religious culture in the Tang Dynasty. In terms of craft production, it is mainly realistic, vivid and graceful, which can be compared with Dunhuang murals. Sculpture art is more national and secular, with fullness and strength as its beauty. Clothing developed from "leaning to the right shoulder" and "over the shoulder" in Buddhism to "unjust clothing" in China. The sculptures of Shuining Temple all adopt the techniques of high relief and round carving, which show the beauty of the lines of human body modeling and make the statues look more exquisite. 1992, Mr. Duan Wenjie, a professor at Dunhuang Art Research Institute in China, inspected the stone carvings in Bazhou and wrote an inscription praising "Tangshuining is the best in China" and "Bazhong Grottoes, a national treasure".
2. Ancient customs
The national folk culture in Bazhong is also reflected in many ancient customs, such as the creation myth "Goddess of Heaven", the love story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl "Yong Dong", the historical legend "Prince Zhang Huai", the killing of Bashi snake during the Tang Zhenguan period, and even the Chinese New Year custom. Lantern Festival (Lantern Festival), Tomb-Sweeping Day, Duanyang Festival, Ascending Festival on the 16th day of the first month, Mid-Autumn Festival (Half Moon Festival), Double Ninth Festival (Festival for the Elderly) and folk religious temple fairs: Wenchang Club, Guanyin Club, Laojun Club, Flat Peach Club, Buddha Club, etc. There are life customs such as "playing three dynasties", "holding a full moon wine", "dizzy", "worshipping michel platini", shaving one's head, welcoming six gifts, sitting in a sedan chair, holding a birthday party and holding a school wine. Funeral customs still maintain the traditional two procedures of "mourning" and "mourning", and funeral customs are basically left over from the Spring and Autumn Period. Their mourning clothes, mourning clothes, memorial methods, corpse disposal, burial procedures, funerary objects, coffin patterns, etc. all retain traditional customs. Their burial methods include "cave burial" and "hanging coffin burial" (hanging coffin burial), including burying the body in the coffin (buried in the grave pit) and hanging the coffin from the grave (repairing the grave with stones first, and hanging the body on the grave wall with chains after entering the coffin) The second burial of ashes in urban cemeteries belongs to burial after cremation; Up to now, there are still a set of ancient customs and rituals related to nature worship and plant worship, such as "looking at the foundation under the house", "erecting walls", "erecting beams and columns", "opening the door to sweep the dam" and "offering sacrifices to the new house". Its housing pattern includes quadrangles in the north, three courtyards in the south, a large number of stilt houses with stilts and thatched earth walls, and semi-cave and semi-stilt houses in some places. There are also many quadrangles in the city, which are composed of traditional cabinets, doors, patios, halls, corridors, brick walls and blue tiles. Among the folk food customs, there are roasted Dinggang wine and old jujube wine. Boiled eagle tea, boiled tea, roasted tea, sugar tea, etc. There are also the folk customs of the "Top Ten Bowls". Grain storage still retains the folk custom of smoked bacon; Indigenous papermaking is a handicraft technology, which is very popular among the people. In some places, there are also rod-bumping winch (commonly known as "small oil squeezing", which is expensive). There are also traditional printing and dyeing techniques, traditional bamboo weaving techniques and stone carving techniques. The clay sculpture of enyang River, the paper-cut of Tongjiang, and the root carvings of Tongjiang, Nanjiang and Bazhou are also famous. Folk firing techniques are generally retained in Bazhong city, while the local lacquer making technology in Nanjiang and the local ink processing technology in Bazhou town still exist. "Tan Juan Opera" and "antique tricks" in folk operas are very popular in Nanjiang, Tongjiang and Bazhou. The best and most active shadow play troupe and shadow play production in Sichuan are all in Bazhou (Li Yuxiang Shadow Play Troupe and Zhang Xuelin Shadow Play Troupe); The folk art "Talking about Spring" in Bazhou Zaolin is the only sprout of this art form in China. Guan Chun, the spring talker, is still active in Bazhong and southern Shaanxi.
Rich national folk culture is the genetic culture of Bazhong culture.
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