Hydrofluoric acid (English:
Hydrofluoric acid [1]) is an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride gas, a colorless and transparent smoky corrosive liquid with a strong pungent smell.
Hydrofluoric acid is weakly acidic and corrosive, and can strongly corrode objects containing metal, glass and silicon.
Inhalation of steam or contact with skin can cause incurable burns. Laboratories generally need to be made of fluorite (mainly calcium fluoride) and concentrated sulfuric acid, sealed in plastic bottles and placed in a cool place.
According to martyn poliakoff, a member of the Royal Society, a order of the british empire laureate and a professor of chemistry at Nottingham University, in fact, chemists found that hydrofluoric acid was rapidly corroded by hydrofluoric acid, and finger neurons were killed and felt pain when their fingers were immersed in hydrofluoric acid.
According to Poliakoff, many people don't know there are holes in their gloves. After exposure to hydrofluoric acid, their hands became less when they picked up gloves.
The bodies used by Lao Bai and others in the American drama Breaking Bad are extinct? Fossil water? It's hydrofluoric acid.
Why is hydrofluoric acid so strong?
The strong corrosiveness of hydrofluoric acid does not depend on its acidity.
Hydrofluoric acid is not as acidic as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. H-F bond is difficult to separate, but hydrofluoric acid is an element such as fluorine, so it is a very active substance.
Hydrofluoric acid can react not only with metal, cement, pottery, rubber and leather, but also with glass and enamel. So in the experiment, hydrofluoric acid was not added to the glass.
But hydrofluoric acid has active properties, so many industries use hydrofluoric acid made of glass, semiconductor and stainless steel. Hydrofluoric acid is also used as an etchant for ceramic materials because it can corrode ceramics.
Hydrofluoric acid is also used in the medical field. Hydrofluoric acid is often used in dentistry.
When installing porcelain teeth, dentists use hydrofluoric acid to corrode the inner surface of porcelain teeth, which is easy to aim at the parts that need to be repaired.
Hydrofluoric acid is sometimes used as a cleaning agent when cleaning marble, toilets and air conditioners in daily life.
Hydrofluoric silane coupling agent for dentistry.
Then, hydrofluoric acid, which is so active in chemistry, can not only decompose myoglobin and hemoglobin, but also do something in the human body.
Hydrofluoric acid is different from ordinary acid. The destructive power of ordinary acids is acidic hydrogen ions, which cause coagulation necrosis of tissues and protein degeneration of necrotic tissues. However, due to direct death, the destructive power of acid liquor is hindered by dead organizations.
But the corrosiveness of hydrofluoric acid is not its acidity (hydrogen ions). In fact, according to the Australian Institute of Occupational Safety, only 2.5% of the laboratory technicians who died of hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of 70% in 1980 were burned.
1994, a technician from the Australian Geological Laboratory accidentally injected 100 ml of 70% hydrofluoric acid into the inner thigh when he suffered 9% burns all over his body.
In fact, as Poliakoff said, hydrofluoric acid can easily enter the human body, leaving no obvious wounds and pains, and it will become more dangerous.
On the other hand, when fluoride comes into contact with intracellular calcium and magnesium, it will form water-insoluble calcium fluoride (CaF2) and magnesium fluoride (MgF2) with them, and the ion channels of cells will be disordered.
On the other hand, hydrofluoric acid is lipophilic, so neurons, blood vessels, tendons and other tissues will soon die. If 15 ml of 9% hydrofluoric acid solution is taken orally, it will lead to death.
So in short, students with strong hydrofluoric acid must pay attention. Contact with chemical products containing hydrofluoric acid must be very careful.