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History of automobile development. Urgent!
Karl friedrich benz (1844165438+1October 25th-1April 4th, 929), one of the founders of the famous German Daimler-Benz automobile company and one of the pioneers of modern automobile industry, is called "the father of automobiles" and "the originator of automobiles". Cars are changing our lives. It has brought us great convenience, but it has also brought us some troubles. However, life is like this, and the evaluation of any lifestyle is relative, and there is no absolute good or bad. This is an idea, an attitude and a culture.

Edit this paragraph to develop.

1890- 1920 the carriage transited to the car, and the metal body appeared. 1885, German engineer karl benz made the world's first tricycle, and applied for and obtained the invention patent on1886+129 October, so18865438. Almost at the same time, German engineer gottlieb daimler also successfully developed a recognized four-wheeled vehicle driven by internal combustion engine. 1894, Mercedes-Benz velo was the earliest mass-produced vehicle. In terms of materials, the metal fuselage was patented in 1900, but the main structure is still wood and steel connecting them. At the beginning of the 20th century, John Pierpont Morgan founded the American Steel Company to provide sufficient raw materials for the rapidly developing automobile industry. 19 14, Edward g Budd invented the all-metal body. In the same year, Dodge Company produced the first all-metal car. 19 18, the Italian lancia company also began to produce all-metal cars. Non-loaded body has become a loaded body, and the car is no longer a simple superposition of chassis and body, but a whole. Technically, in 1890, the first cars manufactured by Panhard Le Vasseur (France) set many standards for later cars, such as the layout of front engine and rear wheel drive, and the earliest transmission. In 1904, panhard levassor commented on the layout of the car, including the height of the hood and the reduction of passenger seats. The prototype of modern automobile is summarized. In terms of color, early cars were only black. 1924, Auckland, the predecessor of Pontiac, cooperated with DuPont Coatings Company. The first color car (blue) was introduced, which represented models 1886 Gotelli step, Daimler four-wheeler 1890 Systeme Panhard four-wheeler 19 14 dodge brothers 1922 lancia lambda/kloc-0.

Edit this paragraph 1920-1950 HarleyEarl Times.

Germany invented the automobile, and the United States brought this industry into the palace of art design. Halliwell is the greatest master of automobile design ever, and his influence on modern automobiles is immeasurable. Halliwell entered GM and designed 1927 Cadillac LaSalle, and the era of Halliwell began. It has round lines and a tapered tail. Slender and low-key 1928, Harry Earle added chrome decoration to the car design. Since 1930s, the artistic color he established has gradually made GM the most powerful automobile empire. 1938, he designed the world's first concept car Buick Y job. Hull, a streamlined body built with complex curved surfaces, was imitated by manufacturers in the following decades. Y job also introduced clay model technology for the first time, which made the modeling of cars more flexible. This technology has been used to this day. 1947, Cadillac sedanet conquered the world with silver chrome decoration and beautiful tail. It was Harry Earle who turned the car from a simple means of transportation into art and fashion.

Edit this streamline and hull 1930-1950.

The 20 years from the Great Depression in 1930s to the end of World War II is an important period for the transformation of automobile design to modernization. Europeans have also joined the field of automobile design dominated by Americans. Europe leads in streamlined design. The car designed by Giuseppe Merosi1913 for the Italian Count Ricotti was the earliest streamlined work. Paul Jared started the wind tunnel experiment for the first time and obtained an American patent. Due to the economic recession, American manufacturers have also realized the importance of aerodynamics in fuel saving. In the 1930s, streamlining was almost synonymous with fashion. The front of the car is widened, the tires are wrapped, the headlights fall into the front of the car, and the independent suitcase suspended at the rear of the car is also integrated with the rear of the car, laying the embryonic form of a modern car. Completely get rid of the shadow of the carriage. 1934, Chrysler Airflow adopted a lighter load-bearing body, achieving a mass distribution of 54:46 for the front and rear axles (compared with 30:70 for similar products at that time), which greatly improved the handling. However, Americans who are used to grandiose style are unwilling to completely succumb to aerodynamics, because it makes cars look too similar and is not conducive to stimulating consumption. By the 1940s, streamlined trends had faded like fashion. The new car, represented by Buick J job, has a high nose and a downward rear, and becomes a boat-shaped body. During this period, European manufacturers have made great progress in engineering technology. In 1930s, Citroen applied independent front suspension and front wheel drive technology to traction avant on a large scale. In order to reduce its weight, it also adopted a load-bearing car body from racing cars. At the end of 19, the top speed of the car reached 50km/h, and the open body was too closed. The 1920s was the first explosive period of American automobile industry. In order to stimulate consumption, GM first introduced the "annual reform" in 1924. Almost all big car manufacturers are using this now. Representative models 1927 Paul Jared +0934 Chrysler Airflow 1934 Tetora T77 1934 Citroen's streamlined car pulling avant.

Edit this paragraph 1940-1960.

The United States entered the era of automobile popularization by virtue of Ford's assembly line production mode before World War I, while European countries such as automobile care, Britain, France and Germany only entered the family in large numbers after World War II, and reached its peak in the 1960s and 1970s. Hitler's concept of "producing cars for the masses" before World War II led to the birth of many practical and classic national cars in European car circles after World War II, which adopted as simple and durable mechanical structures as possible. Modeling is just an accessory. Volkswagen Beetle, an epoch-making classic in automobile history, is also a car with the longest production cycle in history (even today, Beetle is still synonymous with fashion and practicality, although it deviated from the concept of national car at that time), which was produced by ferdinand porsche. The prototype was born in 1930 and officially started to be produced in 1939, which is simple, durable, cheap and fuel-efficient. It quickly became the best-selling car in the world at that time. It also laid the foundation for Volkswagen's position in the automobile industry in the future. 1948 French Citroen 2CV, 1948 British Maurice Miner, 1957 Italian fiat500, 1959 British mini were all classics of national cars at that time. It is also a classic in the history of automobiles. 1950-1970 From long tail to short tail, coupe rose briefly. At that time, the typical American car was a rocket-type front and a spaceship-type rear. After the end of World War II, the explosive growth of American cars was unprecedented and lasted for more than ten years. Bigger and better has become a style, and the importance of performance has become slightly second to appearance. Comfort and style became the most important, and the long tail was a typical feature of American cars at that time. Later, wedge-shaped bodies, that is, sports cars with short tails, became popular. In the 1960s and 1970s, Lamborghini, Ferrari and Maserati, as well as Ford Mustang, Kvet and Dodge Viper, all adopted long front engines. The short and wide rear (which can accommodate huge wheels), the strong American economy and the enthusiasm of small European factories led by Italy and Britain to show their aesthetic skills make young people who are keen on sports pursue coupe models. Aston Martin DB2, Alfa Romeo giulietta, Maserati A6 and 5000GT are all classics of that era. After the oil crisis broke out in the 1970s, people gradually lost their enthusiasm for coupes and turned to economical and practical small cars, especially Japanese cars.

Edit this paragraph 1970-1990 plane right angle and diversification

1974 is an important year. Lamborghini Contacchi designed by Mario Gandini and Volkswagen Golf designed by George Roya were born in this year, and their right-angled shapes, which have been popular for decades, were mercilessly abandoned. In the following years, George Roya designed similar Fiat Panda and Lancia Delta. Their appearance has changed the thinking mode of many designers. At the same time, it was also a compromise of auto parts technology at that time. As we all know, it is much more difficult to accurately manufacture several parts with complex lines and curved surfaces made of different materials and combine them perfectly than to build several assembled building blocks. Therefore, the square rose suddenly in the 1980s and was carried forward by Japanese manufacturers until the 1990s. The staunchest supporter was Volvo. In the late 1970s, 1940s and 700.900s, manufacturers hoped that Fangzheng's modeling design could give drivers a psychological hint of safety. Affected by the oil crisis in the 1970s, finance was relatively difficult in the 1980s, and automobiles began to develop into diversified practicality. Designs from military, agricultural, expeditionary and other fields, with special nostalgic complex of "lack of style" and strong practical characteristics, caused waves in the automobile industry and later became a fashion. American Jeep, which can best reflect this change, has gradually become a part of American cultural landscape since the 1940s. 1948+0974, the first Cherokee was born, becoming the most successful series in Jeep car history. However, affected by the oil crisis, people began to pay attention to sport utility vehicles that are more refined and look more like cars. 1948+0984, the new Cherokee came out. Jeep turned the rough off-road vehicle into a fashionable city car. The Land Rover Range Rover, which was born at the same time, seized the high-end market. Since 1980s, MPV was born, and in 10, Chrysler's first van and the world's first van, Grand Jetron, came out. Different from the previous van, this car provides more space for passengers. As quiet and comfortable as a car. The whirlwind of MPV has extended from North America to the whole world. Renault espace is the first MPV in Europe. In the 1990s, Chevrolet Lumina and Toyota Overlord also joined this camp.

Edit this paragraph 1990- the era of division-now

"A hundred schools of thought contend and a hundred flowers blossom." With the rapid development of modern economy, people are more pursuing individuality, more critical and more diversified, which also leads to the emergence of various styles at the same time. One of them is classicism, which includes many levels. One is the designer's own memory and respect for the past classics, and the other is the designer's efforts to give his own color to the original classics. There are also attempts to open up new roads for the company with classic models. Their representatives are Volkswagen New Beetle, mini and Chrysler PT rambler. The other branch is neoclassicism. Tradition should be followed, but more innovation should be made on this basis. Bentley and Rolls-Royce were acquired by Volkswagen and BMW respectively in the late 1990s, and then the Continental GT and Phantom launched under the operation of a brand-new design team were completely new. But there is still respect for tradition, which is more important for it to continue to grow. Although they have their own characteristics, they can't get rid of each other's influence in design. It can be said that you have me and I have you. The design concept of the new sharp world is generally considered to have started from the Ford GT90. Wide curved surface, sharp fillet, sharp transition, decisive and tensile lines are different from smooth modeling style, and the design pays more attention to the layering of lines. This design that emphasizes lines will visually make people feel that the size of the car is wider, which is very suitable for the design of small cars. Therefore, it is very popular with manufacturers and represents Mercedes-Benz A-class. It can be seen that the implementation of Wenger's doctrine still cannot get rid of the streamline. If there is no streamline, the designed car can only be a box, which lacks aesthetic feeling. Of course, under the influence of fender-ism, streamlined design is more sporty and fashionable, which can be seen in some sports cars that appeared in the late 1990 s, such as the first generation Audi TT and Ford Thunderbird, which are full of momentum and momentum. After entering the 2 1 century, from the current automobile design trend, wingerism finally defeated streamline. Both the inner and outer lines pursue extremely tough lines. This line can make the car look strong and safe, but the disadvantage is to force the car to become longer, wider and higher. This can be reflected from the situation that the car is getting bigger and bigger. But it is very suitable for medium and large cars and sports cars, such as Chrysler 300C and Lamborghini Gallardo.

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