The Yellow River Basin in the Central Plains was the main activity area of Chinese ancestors during the Five Emperors and the Xia and Shang Dynasties.

There is no textual research on the specific form of Chinese before the Zhou Dynasty. It is said that the standard language at that time was the predecessor of the standard language of the Zhou Dynasty.

Periodic Chinese standard language is generally considered as the language of the Book of Songs, that is, elegant words. Yayan is mainly popular in the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin.

According to experts, the philology of the Zhou Dynasty studied the characters of the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Yin people learn from Xia people.

The ancient Yayan (the earliest ancient lingua franca in China, equivalent to the present Mandarin) was Xia Yan. Xia Jian's capital was in Luoyang, and then the construction of the Yin Dynasty was around Luoyang.

Therefore, the standard pronunciation of elegant speech in all previous dynasties was based in Luoyang, and it can be said that the ancient Mandarin was based on the ancient Luoyang dialect.

Second, the Qin and Han Dynasties

The specific language used in Qin dynasty cannot be verified.

The national language of the Han dynasty is Luo language, which inherited the elegant characters of the pre-Qin period.

The standard Chinese language in the Han Dynasty is called "pronunciation", "elegant language" and "common language".

Third, the Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

The Western Jin Dynasty inherited the Han Dynasty and took Luo as the national language. Yongjia Rebellion was overthrown, the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was moved to Jiankang, and the Luo language was combined with the medieval Wu language to form Jinling Yayin, also known as Wuyin, which was later followed by the Southern Dynasties.

Fourth, Sui and Tang Dynasties

The Sui Dynasty unified China and compiled Qieyun. Based on the elegant sounds of Jinling and Luoyang, the official sounds of the Southern and Northern Dynasties merged to form the official sounds of Chang 'an (Sanpang).

The system of Tang and Sui Dynasties. The Mandarin of Sui and Tang Dynasties is "Hanyin" or "Sanpang". Chang 'an is the capital of Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Luoyang is the eastern capital. At this time, Hanyin in the Central Plains and Guanzhong has evolved after blending with all ethnic groups.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Song Dynasty

In the Song Dynasty, Mandarin was called "pronunciation" and "elegance".

Sixth, the Yuan Dynasty

In the Yuan Dynasty, Mongolian was the national language, and then the Chinese pronunciation in the Yuan Dynasty was the standard pronunciation, which was called "the universal language".

Seven, the Ming dynasty

In the Ming Dynasty, the elegance of the Central Plains was positive, but before the Ming Dynasty, the Central Plains region was formed by the integration of many northern nationalities. The "Voice of the Central Plains" in the Jianghuai area is relatively pure, so the Mandarin is based on the Nanjing accent, and the Nanjing Mandarin is the standard Chinese.

During the Yongle period, he moved the capital to Beijing and immigrated to Beijing from all over the world. Among them, there are about 400 thousand immigrants from Nanjing, accounting for half of Beijing's population. Nanjing dialect became the basis of Beijing pronunciation at that time, while Nanjing Mandarin was popular throughout the Ming Dynasty.

Eight, the Qing dynasty

Manchu became the national language in the early Qing Dynasty, and then Mandarin became the national language. In the early Qing Dynasty, Nanjing Mandarin was still the mainstream standard language of Chinese. In the eighth year of Yongzheng, Andrew Pavilion was established to promote Beijing Mandarin with Beijing accent as the standard.

Beijing dialect was formed on the basis of the integration of old Beiping dialect and Nanjing Mandarin in Yuan Dynasty, and some components of Manchu pronunciation were integrated.

In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, Beijing Mandarin gradually replaced Nanjing Mandarin. 1909, the National Language Editorial Committee was established, that is, there were so many dynasties in China in the late Qing Dynasty, and each dynasty had its own official language.

Language seems to be only a way of communication between people, but it represents the supremacy of imperial power, so the choice of official language is not an easy task.

Language reveals dynasties