Guangxi has a long history. In the late Paleolithic period, that is, 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, there were "Liujiang people" and "Qilinshan people" working and living here.
"Qilinshan people" learned to use stone tools for drilling and sharpening knives 254.38+0 million years ago. Guilin's Zan Piyan Man site shows that ancient humans in Guangxi began to engage in primitive agriculture, animal husbandry and pottery making about 1000 to 6000 years ago.
Gong Yu is in the south of Jingzhou. During the Warring States Period, Lingnan was called the land of Baiyue, and Guangxi was a part of Baiyue.
After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, today's Guangxi region mainly belongs to Guilin County, Nanhai County and Xiang Jun County, which is the first time that Guangxi has been included in the unified territory of the central dynasty. Nanhai County has jurisdiction over the South China Sea in the southeast, Hezhou in Guangxi in the west, Nanling in the north, Panyu in the county, Zhanjiang in the county and a part of western Guangdong belong to Guilin County.
At the beginning of Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo, the prefect of Nanhai County, attacked Guilin County and Xiang Jun County and established Nanyue State. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan (before 1 1 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam, and Cangwu Guangxin (the capital of Jiaozhou in ancient Han Dynasty, located in Wuzhou, Guangxi, and Fengkai, Guangdong) became the administrative center of nine counties in Jiaotou. The Han Dynasty divided South Vietnam into nine counties. It is located in the toe of Guangxin County, Cangwu County. During the Western Han Dynasty, Hepu was one of the original ports of China's Maritime Silk Road. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the toe-crossing department was changed to Jiaozhou. Today, Guangdong Province includes the whole Nanhai County under the jurisdiction of Jiaozhou, including Cangwu County, Hepu County, Guiyang County of Jingzhou and Zhang Yu County of Yangzhou. Jiaozhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty included northern and central Vietnam, China, Guangxi and Guangdong. Governance in Panyu (now Guangzhou, China).
During the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Guangxi belonged to Wu first, then to Jin and the regimes of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in the Southern Dynasties. During the Three Kingdoms period, in 2 17 (twenty-two years of Jian 'an), the State of Wu was divided into Guangzhou and Jiaozhou. Oracle inscriptions moved Jiaozhou from Guangxin to Panyu. The metal is in Guangzhou. Song, Qi, Liang and Chen are in Xiangzhou and Guangzhou.
Sui belongs to Yangzhou department. At the end of Sui Dynasty, Guangxi was occupied by filial piety. In the early Tang Dynasty, counties were established. Forty-five States in Lingnan belong to Guangzhou, Guizhou, Rongzhou, Yongzhou and Annan (also known as Lingnan Five Pass), which belongs to Lingnan Road. After 655 years, all the five governments were assigned to Guangzhou, and the governor called them five governments (governors), and Guangzhou secretariat concurrently held the post. In 756 (six years from Su Zong to Germany), he was promoted to be the economic envoy of the five governments in Lingnan.
In the third year of Tang Xiantong (862), Lingnan Road was divided into Lingnan East Road and Lingnan West Road, which was the first time that Guangxi became an independent administrative region.
During the Tang Dynasty, Guangxi's economy and culture developed greatly, and "Chifu" was even more famous. The rise of important towns such as Guangxi, Yong, Liu and Rong; A famous water conservancy project acacia belt connecting Gui Jiang and Liujiang was built.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Chu and Southern Han fought for Guangxi for a long time. In the Song Dynasty, Guangnan Road was divided into Guangnan East Road and Guangnan West Road, referred to as Guangxi for short, and the name of Guangxi began.
In the Song Dynasty, Hengshanzhai (now Ma Ping Town, Tiandong County), Yongping Village (now Ningming County) and Sanboyichang, Qinzhou became southwest ethnic fairs or international towns that traded with Jiaozhi and other places. The output of non-ferrous metals tin and lead ranks in the forefront of the country; Wuzhou Yuanfeng supervisor has become one of the six major money casting supervisors in Jiangnan; Textiles, especially ramie fabrics, are of high quality, and woven fabrics produced by Zuoyouhe are rich in color. The Yuan Dynasty basically controlled Guangxi militarily, stationed troops near the main pass and practiced military reclamation. Guangxi was a book province of Huguang in Yuan Dynasty.
In the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (1363), Guangxi was established as a book province, which was the beginning of the establishment of Guangxi. During the Ming Dynasty, the names of provinces in the Yuan Dynasty were abolished, and a three-level regional system of division, state and county was established. The whole country is divided into 13 ministries.
In June of the second year of Hongwu (1369), Lianzhou and Qinzhou, which were originally under the jurisdiction of Guangxi, were placed under the jurisdiction of Guangdong.
In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Taizu (1376), Guangxi was established to undertake propaganda and deployment, and the name of "Guangxi" was thus fixed. Guangxi's political envoys are divided into 1 1 states, and Zhili Prefecture has three counties under its jurisdiction. 1 1 The governments are: Guilin government (governing Lingui county, now Guilin), Liuzhou government (governing Maping, now Liuzhou), Qingyuan government (governing Yishan), Sien government (governing Li Qiao, now Mashan, then moving to Wuyuan, now Wuming) and Siming government (governing Siming government, now Ningning). The three Zhili States are: Guishun State (governing Jingxi today), Tianzhou State (governing Tiandong today) and Sicheng State (governing Lingyun today). In addition, Quanzhou originally belonged to Hunan.
In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394), Quanzhou (now Quanzhou, Guanyang and Ziyuan) was changed from Huguang Yongzhou to Guangxi, which roughly formed the region of Guangxi.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were 13 states, 4 states, 44 counties, 34 states, 6 states and 5 long lawsuits in Guangxi.
Ming Xianzong set up the Governor's Office in Wuzhou, and in the forty-five years of Jiajing, the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi was changed from Wuzhou to Zhaoqing, Guangdong.
In the Qing Dynasty, it was implemented at four levels: province, road, prefecture (Zhili Hall) or prefecture (Zhili Prefecture) and county. Re-establish Guangxi Province, with its capital in Guilin (now Guilin).
The whole province of Guangxi is divided into 1 1 states, 2 zhili departments and 2 zhili states, which govern counties, cities and counties respectively. 1 1 is endowed with: Guilin Fu (governing Lingui, now Guilin), Liuzhou Fu (governing Ma Ping County, now Liuzhou), Qingyuan Fu (governing Yishan), Fu (governing Wuyuan, now Wuming), Sicheng Fu (governing Lingyun), Pingle Fu (governing Pingle), Wuzhou Fu (. The two Zhili halls are: Shangsi Zhili Hall (managing today and thinking about today) and Baise Zhili Hall (managing today and thinking about Baise); The two Zhili States are: Zhili State in Zhi Lin (now Yulin) and Zhili State in Guishun (now Jingxi). In addition, Lianzhou Prefecture (now Hepu) and Qinzhou Zhili Prefecture (now Qinzhou) belong to Guangdong Province. Libo County originally belonged to Guangxi Province, and it was placed under the jurisdiction of Guizhou Province in the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732). In the late Qing Dynasty, there were 13 states, 4 states, 44 counties, 34 states, 6 states, 10 Tusi and 3 long lawsuits in Guangxi.
The Revolution of 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty and established the Republic of China 19 12. During the Republic of China, Guangxi was called a province after the Qing Dynasty, and its geographical area was roughly the same as that of the Qing Dynasty.
Guangxi was established as a province until the Republic of China, and its capital was Guilin. It moved to Nanning on 19 12- 1936.
In the first year of the Republic of China, all the prefectures and departments in Zhili were changed to prefectures, and the whole province was divided into 10 prefectures: Guilin, Pingle, Liuzhou, Qingyuan, Wuzhou, Zhou Xun, Nanning, Taiping, Zhen 'an and Sien, which respectively governed the counties.
In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the government system was abolished and the county was directly administered.
In the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17), the whole province was divided into six roads: Guilin Road (governing modern Guilin), Liujiang Road (governing modern Liuzhou), Nanning Road (governing modern Nanning), Cangwu Road (governing modern Wuzhou), Zhennan Road (governing modern Longzhou) and Tiannan Road (governing modern Baise). Measures to improve soil and return to the jurisdiction of local governments since Ming and Qing Dynasties,
In the eighteenth year of the Republic of China (1929), it was completely completed, and all Tuzhou and Tuxian counties were changed into new counties.
In the fifteenth year of the Republic of China (1926), according to the principle of military and political integration, the Taoist system was abolished and the whole province was divided into several districts. In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), the whole province was divided into 12 militia areas.
1927 12 16, Huang led the Guangxi department to swear allegiance to Guangdong in Wuzhou, and the Guangdong-Guangxi war broke out, which led to the Guangzhou incident. Guangdong officials launched an attack in Guangzhou, and in February 1927+ 1 1, * * people launched an uprising in Guangzhou. After Guangxi launched the Guangdong-Guangxi War, it divided its forces and attacked Guangzhou in two ways, occupying Zhaoqing, Sanshui and Hekou successively. The fourth army of Guangdong army captured Dongjiang in an all-round way, and Li stopped it in Guangzhou. Gui Jun changed his plan and turned to Dongjiang.
In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), it was changed into an administrative supervision area. During this period, Guangxi was ruled by new and old Guangxi warlords for 28 years.
In the thirty-eighth year of the Republic of China (1949), on the eve of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the whole province was divided into 1 city (Guilin), 15 district (1- 15 district) and 99 counties. Qinzhou, Hepu, Lingshan and Fangcheng are still under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. From the establishment of Guangxi Province to the Republic of China, the provincial capital was in Guilin for most of the time, and it was only in the first year of the Republic of China that it moved to Nanning in the twenty-fifth year of the Republic of China (19 12- 1936).
Guangxi was a national model province during the reign of the New Guangxi in the Republic of China, and was the base of Guangxi warlords in China. 1949 65438+February 1 1, China People's Liberation Army captured the whole territory of Guangxi and established Guangxi Province.
In the early days of liberation, Guangxi Province was founded with Nanning as its capital.
From 195 1 to 1955, Qinzhou and Lianzhou (now Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Beihai) were included in Guangxi from Guangdong.
1952 65438+February 10, Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region was established in Yongning, Yishan and Baise.
From 1955 to 1965, Qinzhou and Lianzhou were once again incorporated into Guangdong.
1956 5438+00 In June, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the initiative of establishing Guangxi Gelao Autonomous Region.
1957 In June, the State Council made a decision to establish Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region, and adopted a corresponding resolution at the fourth session of the first National People's Congress held in July of the same year.
On March 5th, 1958, Guangxi Province was changed to "Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region" and the provincial "Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region" was established.
1965, Qinzhou and Lianzhou were once again incorporated into Guangxi. In June 65438+1October 65438+February of the same year, with the approval of the State Council, "Guangxi Yi Autonomous Region" was renamed "Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region".
Since 1978, the anniversary of the establishment of the autonomous region has been set at 65438+February 1 1, which coincides with the day when the China People's Liberation Army captured all of Guangxi, Youjiang Soviet Area and the Red Army was founded.