1, the root cause of failure: lack of leadership of the advanced class. The peasant class is not the representative of the new productive forces and relations of production, but has the inherent class limitations of small producers.
2. For specific reasons, without the guidance of scientific theory, it is impossible to put forward a complete and correct political program and social reform plan. It is impossible to maintain the unity of the leading bodies for a long time. On foreign issues, there is a lack of rational understanding of the essence of foreign capitalist powers' invasion of China.
3. Experience and lessons: The occurrence and failure of the Taiping Rebellion show that in semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, farmers have great revolutionary strength, but they cannot shoulder the heavy responsibility of leading the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle to win.
Extended data:
The predecessor of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was "Worship God" founded in 1843, which advocated the equal thought that "all men are brothers and all women are sisters". However, the oppression of women by the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is unprecedented.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom practices polygamy, but the number is not limited. Yang, the king of the East, publicly admitted in a foreign affairs document in reply to Americans: "When brothers marry wives and concubines, the marriage is determined by heaven, and how much is determined by heaven."
-I don't know how many wives I have. The number of wives and concubines owned by the heavenly king Hong Xiuquan is accurate: fifteen shortly after jintian uprising, and thirty-six after occupying Xiao Yong 'an a year later. After entering Tianjing, it was even expressly stipulated that "all young women and beautiful women are ready for the king to choose".
1864 When the Taiping Army was defeated, the young heavenly king Hong Futang said in the captured confession: "I am sixteen years old, and the old heavenly king is my father. I have eighty-eight (or one hundred and eight) mothers. I'm the second deadbeat. When I was nine years old, I gave four wives. " Here, even if the heavenly king has only 88 queens, it has far exceeded the number of 72 queens in the three palaces and six courtyards of feudal emperors in previous dynasties.
Because there are too many wives and concubines, Hong Xiuquan can't remember the names, so she simply numbers them. He also wrote hundreds of poems about the heavenly king to discipline his wives and concubines, which stipulated many strange rules, such as forbidding women to look up at him. "At first glance, it is the Lord who goes against the sky, and the sin is not small." "When watching the main list, it is best to look at the shoulders and the breasts. If you look at your eyes boldly, you will neglect the king. "
Hong Xiuquan can be said to have developed the possession of women by emperors and hierarch to the extreme. Forest, a British translator and acting consul of Ningbo, mentioned in Travel Notes of Tianjing that once he visited the palace, his voice suddenly became noisy, and drums, cymbals, gongs and cannons were mixed together. It turned out that it was time for the heavenly king to eat, and these voices didn't stop until after dinner.
At this moment: "The holy door was half open, and many weak and poor women either entered or left, each carrying utensils such as bowls and chopsticks and offering royal meals. Most items are made of gold. " The heavenly king has a crown, made of pure gold and weighs eight pounds; There is also a gold necklace, which weighs eight Jin. His embroidered golden robe also has golden buttons. He rose from the inner palace to the main hall to face North Korea, and took a golden cart called Shenlong Car, led by a beautiful woman.
The emperor of a country is still like this, and the following officials are not much better. At this time, we didn't see the equality thought of "most women in the world are sisters" advocated in the teachings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom at all, and only gave women absolute authority and repression.
The killing of Taiping Army is too serious. Hong Xiuquan himself is tyrannical. Before he became king, he often killed his wife. Under the leadership of the heavenly king, the Taiping Army killed people like mowing grass, which can be seen only from how the Taiping Army eliminated the "demon man".
Honest officials, Manchu, monks and nuns, businessmen, Confucian scholars and even doctors, shop assistants and artists were all regarded as demons by the Taiping Army.
The Taiping Army's method of distinguishing demon people is extremely absurd: those with rosy palms and no heavy cocoons on their fingers are all accused of being demons, or killed at first sight, or killed after questioning and answering, or some people can't bear torture and think they are demons, and some people simply commit suicide. For Manchu people, they killed all men, women and children.
Many Han officials, gentlemen and scholars can't escape, and they don't want to die at the hands of Taiping Army and commit suicide together.
Within the Taiping rebels, everyone will never be soft when they kill each other. Most Taiping soldiers who violated dogma and prohibition were beheaded. Those who "rebel against evil spirits" are even sentenced to death for "lighting a lamp" and "dismembering five horses". Make the Taiping Army a "three noes" tool without thoughts and feelings, personal freedom and personal dignity.
There is no friendship between kings. For example, the infighting between Hong Xiuquan and Yang not only killed Yang's family, but also killed more than 20,000 people under Yang. Then let Wei Changhui kill Shi Dakai's family, and then be awed by Shi Dakai's prestige and kill Wei Changhui. There is no kindness or faith in the whole interior.
People's Network-The Truth of the Death of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom