tool

1. Bletilla striata water: Bletilla striata is sold in Chinese medicine shops. Before use, boil it until it looks like glue, not too thin. Buy 232 bletillas at a time and you can soak one or two bottles of bletilla water in Coca-Cola plastic bottles. Bletilla striata water can be prepared on the same day or the day before. Don't store it in advance to avoid losing viscosity.

2. Brush: Brush the rice paper with bristles, so that the words are concave and the handwriting is visible, and the hair quality is moderate, so as to avoid insufficient strength or damage to the rice paper; Brush two soft hairs, apply bletilla striata water, and flatten rice paper; The cleaning brush is used to remove the dust and dirt on the surface of the monument, and the hardness of the wool should ensure that it will not damage the surface of the monument.

3. Tobo: Two. Wrap cotton with silk and tie it tightly into a garlic shape. The silk on the top forms a handle and the lower end forms an oblate shape, which is an extension bag. It should be slightly hard and elastic. One is dipping ink rubbings; The other is used to adjust the degree of dryness and wetness of ink on the rubbing bag to make the ink color uniform. After repeated use, if the cloth surface is stained or perforated, it needs to be cleaned or remade; Otherwise the rubbings will be stained with ink.

4. Ink: Song Yanmo or the refined calligraphy and painting ink can be used for coloring. Adding a little spice to ink can remove the fishy smell of rubbings.

5. Xuan paper: long fiber, moderate thickness and toughness. The paper is about one or two centimeters higher than the monument to be unfolded.

step

First, feed paper

1. Before rubbing, the rubbing surface must be cleaned with water, and the moss and dirt on the rubbing must be cleaned to avoid polluting the rubbing, and then the rubbing must be dried. If there is a sludge seal, it can be removed with a knife or detergent, but it must not damage the cultural relics.

2. Brush a layer of bletilla striata water on the tablets first, and it must be evenly coated, so that the rubbing paper can firmly stick to the tablets and will not shift.

3. After smoothing the paper with a soft brush (paint bucket is also acceptable), drive away the air to make the paper closely combine with the flat surface to avoid wrinkling.

Second, knock on the door.

1. Knock with a bristle brush to dent the text, but don't use too much force to avoid damaging the rubbing paper. You can put a clean piece of white paper on the first piece of paper and pat it.

2. When striking, the intensity should be even, neither light nor heavy, every word should be recessed, the handwriting can be clearly displayed, and all words should be recessed evenly.

Third, ink.

1. Before inking, the degree of dryness and wetness of rice paper must be moderate, and the paper is slightly white before inking. Too dry, air easily penetrates between the writing board and paper, causing floating phenomenon and handwriting translocation; Too wet, ink stains easily penetrate into inscriptions, rubbings are difficult to identify, and the fax effect is lost.

2. When inking, take an expansion bag in each hand. (Take the dominant hand as an example) The left extension bag is dipped in ink, and the right extension bag is even in the ink color of the left extension bag. The two extension bags beat each other, and the left extension bag absorbs ink from the right extension bag to make the ink color uniform. You can try it on the prepared paper first to see if the color is even.

3. When the rubbing paper is 70% to 80% dry, pat it up and down with the rubbing bag gradually. Don't hit sideways, don't hit too much, don't hit one place, and don't hit the east and west. Generally, it needs to be inked three times until the whole monument is painted.

4. When inking for the first time, the ink should be dry and shallow, and then gradually become thicker. Ink should not be too thick and damp, and 70% dry is better.

Fourthly, remove the rubbings.

1. The best time to remove the rubbings is when the rubbings are 80% to 90% dry, because at this time, the rubbings are not easy to be damaged and easy to be removed. If they are still wet, they should be removed immediately, otherwise they will be easily broken.

2. Prepare the newspaper in advance and put it on a flat surface to dry naturally. If the rubbings are exposed to the sun, they will be uneven and hard.

Secret of rubbing production process

Tools:

1, a plastic toolbox, tools (sold everywhere,

You don't have to teach yourself the plastic molding process)

2, a plastic watering can, used to distribute paper (that is, the barber shop sprays water,

Or spray flowers at home)

3, a brown brush, used to brush paper (the kind that brushes walls and dust,

Depending on the size of your own palm)

4, shoe brush, used to knock paper (better quality shoe brush, don't knock it off at the same time)

5, Tobao, one or two for each size (this can't be bought,

I'll leave it to you two. )

6, ink (right, stick some ink to make the words clear, but it takes some effort,

Be physically prepared, especially for monuments)

7, Xuan paper (cooked Xuan, that is, the kind of hanging alum, so as to avoid the word mouth soaked in ink)

8. Play table tennis and use the smooth side of the rubber to spread ink (not for competition).

Production of expansion package:

1, plain, silk is the best (no coarse or concave fabrics,

Will leave a texture on the rubbings), large, medium and small pieces, cut into squares.

2, chicken intestines a few meters (that is, white cotton belt, we call it chicken intestines belt here,

You can ask for fifty years if you don't believe me.

3, thin bubble film (that is, the kind of filling material in your sofa,

I don't know the scientific name, cut it into three pieces.

4, several packs of medical cotton (in fact, human hair is the best, it will not swell into a dead bag,

Good elasticity, if you two are willing to shave your hair.

Besides, the ponytail is also very nice. See if you two talk to the horse next door and see if it wants to. )

5. Unfold the square cloth and put a circular film in the middle.

Then put the medical cotton on the film, remember to pull the cotton loose by hand first to make it loose.

Then, gather the four corners of the cotton cloth, grab it into a pinch, and start winding it with chicken intestines.

Wrap it tightly to the length of a handle and repeat it several times to make it stronger.

Depending on your own hand, you are free to use it.

Making process of rubbings:

1, send a paper. Spray clear water evenly on the rice paper with a watering can, not too wet or too dry, just let the paper fibers fully expand to avoid deformation in the future.

2. Paper. When the rice paper is full (depending on the weather for half an hour or a few hours), brush the rice paper on the flat body with a brown brush (this is a bit of a test of craftsmanship, bold and cautious, and coherent. Don't brush on a large area, it will make a mess. Use a brush to squeeze out the air bubbles between the paper and the sheet, so that the paper and the sheet can fully contact.

3. Gently pat the paper with a shoe brush (in fact, gently pat the flat body, but sometimes you have to use force. Remember, every extension will damage the flat fuselage. However, since the injury is inevitable, prepare for heartache first! ),

In particular, the part with words was knocked down, making the words plausible.

4. Wait. Master the heat, the paper will not peel off from the flat when it is dry, and it will not be so wet that it will faint at the sight of ink.

5. Ink. Pour a little ink on the table tennis racket, hold the racket in your left hand, and hold the extension bag in your right hand to first stun the ink on the racket, and stick the ink on the racket while extending it. Spread a layer of light ink on the tablet as a whole and deepen it according to the situation. Don't leave one piece in the east and one piece in the west, resulting in different shades. It's called cat and dog in Sichuan dialect! )。

Pay attention to key points

For beginners, the most important thing is to master the degree of dryness and wetness of paper. The degree of dryness and wetness of paper should be between 80% and 90%. If the paper area is large, it is necessary to consider the synchronization of drying and wetting in advance, especially in the summer when the paper dries faster. The following methods can be adopted: the amount of water sprayed is from less to more according to the operation order, and it can also be covered with plastic film or wet cloth. Remember, once the paper is dry, it's a mess! Regarding the production of extension bags, personally, it is better to use sponges than cotton. Sponges are elastic and feel good. The use of Bletilla striata water is basically unnecessary after skilled operation, but it is still necessary to develop more exquisite things.

Rubbing communication technology has a history of more than 1000 years in China. There are mainly two kinds of rubbings and rubbings, as well as wax rubbings, inlays and sound films.

Ink painting: The main tool is a brush made of fine felt. Eraser should be rolled tightly, and it is appropriate to grasp it properly. Cut off the lower end of the felt roll and level it off. Spread the wet paper on the stone tablet, brush it flat with a brown brush to make the paper cover the recess tightly, and then hit it in sequence with a bristle brush. If the stone carving is firm, the paper needs to be padded with felt and struck with a mallet to make the nuances of the pen path clear, and it is not allowed to be struck with a mallet. When the paper is dry, dip the ink on the rubbing with a pen, wipe the ink evenly with an eraser, and then wipe the ink on the paper. Don't soak the back of the paper in black and white, wipe the ink three times.

Pumo extension method: the common characters used in extension are white cloth or satin wrapped in cotton cloth and oil paper, with two layers of interlining, one end of which is tied into a garlic shape, which can be tied into three types according to the needs of extension inscriptions and utensils. Wet the bag with water, brush it on the washboard with a pen dipped in ink, and knead it evenly with a hammer. If you use a double hammer, you can dip the ink in the lower hammer first, then rub the ink evenly with two hammers, and then splash the ink on the semi-dry paper. The first ink must be even, and you can see that the ink is black and shiny after three or four strokes.

Wax ink rubbing method: pine nuts are mixed with wax to make a cake-shaped ink ball, dry paper is pasted on the stone carving, and it is wiped with large wax biscuits, also known as dry ink rubbing. In areas with cold climate or damp caves, dry rubbing ink extension method can be used.

Mosaic: A method of mosaicing the edges of Chinese characters before mending them. Remove the edges of the words first, and then add all the ink. This extension method is often used to carve Chinese characters on cliffs.

Extension method: copy and extend rare inscriptions, spread transparent tissue paper on the inscriptions, hook the outline with a pen, and then extend with a small hammer. Or cover the original flat with a layer of thin paper and then fill it with ink.

The best ink for spreading inscriptions is the broken ink in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Put the broken ink into a small pot, add a proper amount of cold water, and stir with a wooden stick to make ink, which can be used without writing. The ink made of pine smoke tung oil and spices, or the refined calligraphy and painting ink now, is also a good product for spreading and spreading inscriptions. When using cigarette glue as ink, or using cigarettes and egg white as ink, it is necessary to add some spices such as mint essence and camphor essence to the ink to avoid the fishy smell of rubbings. It is the worst to spread directly by black smoke and water.

The paper used to pave the inscription is too thin and fragile, and the thickness of the paper does not show a pen; Bamboo paper is not durable, cotton paper dries easily, and rattan paper is also good, but it is not suitable for playing. To extend the paper carved with ancient artifacts, first remove impurities such as bumps, grass sticks and sand grains with a knife, cut off the red marks on the edge of the paper, and wipe the paper clean before use.

The main way to spread the boring paper on the inscription is to clean up the inscription, cut the paper according to the size of the carved stone, and connect the paper and semi-paper with cotton. Fold the paper into a square or rectangle of 20×20 cm, with each piece staggered by 5 mm, so as to uncover it for use. Then put the folded paper into a clear water basin, soak it, take it out and put it on a clean wet cloth. Every piece of wet paper is folded.