First, the connotation of circular economy
Circular economy is the abbreviation of closed material circular economy, which is relative to traditional economy. The traditional economy is a linear open-loop economy with one-way flow of "resources → products → wastes → pollutants". This economic development model uses a lot of resources at one time, consumes a lot of resources and seriously pollutes the ecological environment. Circular economy is a material cycle process that imitates natural ecosystem, builds a circular economy system according to its laws of material cycle and energy flow, and makes the economic system harmoniously integrate into the natural ecosystem, which shows low or even zero emissions in the environment. Specifically, according to the material circulation principle of natural ecosystem, different enterprises or industrial groups are linked through waste exchange and reuse, and a closed-loop circular economy of "resources → products → renewable resources → products" is formed, so that resources can be used reasonably, efficiently and permanently in the economic cycle, so that the natural resources invested in the production and consumption process are the least, and the emission or harm of human activities to the environment is minimized. The contradiction between economic development and environmental protection has been fundamentally solved, and the harmonious cycle of economic system, ecological system and social system has been realized.
The core content of circular economy is the material circulation under the guidance of 3R (reduction, reuse and recycling) principle, which includes three levels of circulation: small circulation, medium circulation and large circulation, and the realization of these three levels of circulation can not be separated from reverse logistics.
Second, the essence of reverse logistics
A complete logistics system should include forward logistics and reverse logistics, which form a complete logistics circulation system. Generally speaking, logistics mainly refers to direct logistics, and forward logistics is the flow of goods and related information from suppliers to consumers, which is the main flow direction of logistics; Reverse logistics refers to the process of planning, managing and controlling the return of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and related information from downstream enterprises or consumers to upstream producers or suppliers in order to regain the use value of products or correctly dispose of waste products.
The essence of reverse logistics is to recover the use value of unqualified products or packaging materials through recycling, processing and reuse, so that products, product transport containers, packaging materials and related logistics information can flow upstream from the final client along the supply chain, improve the utilization rate of resources, reduce the pollution and damage to the ecological environment, and realize the coordinated and sustainable development between man and nature.
The flow of matter and energy in circular economy is closed-loop. In real production and life, the traditional way of goods flowing only in the forward direction obviously cannot meet the requirements of closed-loop flow of matter and energy, which requires people to actively carry out reverse logistics.
Thirdly, implement reverse logistics management in the environment of circular economy.
1. Establish the concept of circular economy development and take reverse logistics as an important part of developing circular economy.
The essence of reverse logistics is to recycle and treat waste resources to regain their use value and reduce the pollution and damage to the ecological environment; Circular economy also integrates clean production, resource recycling, ecological design and sustainable development to achieve reduction, resource utilization and harmlessness. It can be seen that a large part of the fields involved in reverse logistics and circular economy overlap. Therefore, developing reverse logistics in the field of circular economy is actually an important part of developing circular economy. Therefore, the government should change its concept when vigorously developing circular economy, fully understand the role of reverse logistics in circular economy, incorporate the development of reverse logistics into the planning of developing circular economy in this region, and formulate appropriate preferential policies to encourage the development of reverse logistics.
2. Actively promote enterprise reverse logistics related technological innovation.
For a long time, China's economic development model has been extensive and one-off, ignoring the recycling of resources. The technology of waste recovery, disposal and recycling is relatively backward, the cost of reverse logistics is high, and the utilization rate of renewable resources is low. Many wastes cannot be recycled and treated due to technical factors, so they directly flow into the ecological and social systems, which aggravates environmental pollution. Therefore, technical factors have become the bottleneck restricting the development of reverse logistics.
At present, when our country vigorously advocates independent innovation, we should increase the research and development of related technologies in the field of reverse logistics. First, encourage enterprises to improve product design, improve product quality, realize green manufacturing and ensure the entrance of reverse logistics; Secondly, because product backflow is inevitable, the government should encourage enterprises to do a good job in the treatment scheme of backflow products, and consider how to make the follow-up treatment of backflow products simple and easy at the beginning of product design, so as to facilitate the renovation, remanufacturing and recycling of raw materials; Third, focus on research and development of connection technology, recycling technology, extend the production chain and related industrial chains, improve the processing efficiency of reverse logistics, reduce the cost of reverse logistics and reduce environmental pollution.
3. Establish reverse logistics information network and strengthen information sharing.
The development of reverse logistics in China is not long. Many enterprises do not pay enough attention to the management of reverse logistics, lack a unified and effective reverse logistics network information system, and the reverse logistics market network of the whole society has not been formed, which leads to poor information and blindness in market supervision. Enterprises can't fully and timely understand the market information of reverse logistics. When developing reverse logistics, they can only accept the spontaneous adjustment of the market, and the cost of reverse logistics is high, thus reducing the enthusiasm of enterprises to engage in reverse logistics.