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Cixi's message
Ye Lashi, Empress Dowager Cixi (1835- 1908), whose real name was Laner, was a passerby in Huining, Anhui. 185 1 year, she was elected to the palace as a female monk, and her name was Yi Guiren. Because of the love of Emperor Xianfeng, she entered Feng Yiman at 1854. Zai Chun was born in 1856. The following year, it was rounded to "Palace of Gathered Elegance, an imperial concubine". 186 1 In August, Emperor Xianfeng died in Jehol, and Zai Chun was appointed as the Crown Prince by the testamentary edict and succeeded to the throne. And appointed eight people, including Prince Yi, Duan Hua and others, as ministers of the Ministry of Housing, as assistants of the "Zanxiang Government King". The title of the year is "Kai Xiang", and mother Nora is honored as "Queen Mother". In June165438+1October of the same year, Nala and Prince Gong launched a coup with one heart and mind, and dismissed or executed eight "Zan township government officials" respectively. With the reform of Yuan and Tongzhi, Nala listened to politics behind the scenes and actually controlled the state power.

1873, when Zai Chun came of age, Nora announced that he would kick off the curtain and return to politics, but he still had something on him. The following year, Zai Chun died, and Nala imperial clan Zai Tian succeeded to the throne, with the title Guangxu, and resumed listening to politics.

1889, when Zai Tian got married and started a family, Nora announced her "return to politics" and retired to the Summer Palace. However, the personnel of the DPRK and China are still in their hands, and Emperor Guangxu is actually living in a puppet position.

1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War. That year, it coincided with Nora's 60th birthday, and she planned to "celebrate in the Summer Palace, following the example of Kangxi Qianlong's reign, from the inside to the garden, passing by, setting up a colorful shed and holding a celebration". Mobilize naval funds, repair the Summer Palace, decorate the scenery and collect donations. So he supported Li Hongzhang's idea of compromise and surrender to Japan.

Preparations for the 60th Anniversary Celebration began at the beginning of the year. In August, the Sino-Japanese War intensified, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development wrote "Please stop the project", and Nora flew into a rage. Weng Tonghe, Minister of Military Affairs of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, was forced to change his tune and said, "Stop inspection refers to ordinary projects in the future, and there is no need to stop existing projects." Some courtiers of the warring factions have been at large, demanding that the "finishing touch" be stopped and used for military spending. Nora was furious and said, "whoever makes me unhappy today, I will make him unhappy all my life."

In September, China and Lu Haijun were defeated one after another, and Nalashi was more eager to make peace. On September 27th, Weng Tonghe, the military minister of the main battle, was forced to go to Tianjin to discuss with Li Hongzhang about a truce. June 23, 65438+1October 65438+1October ordered princes and provincial officials to put the "60-year-old tribute" into the star. 165438+1On October 7th, the Japanese army occupied Dalian Bay, which was Nora's birthday. Military emergencies came like snowflakes, but Nora was unmoved. In the Summer Palace, someone congratulated me on my ascension to the temple, held a big banquet and invited a group of ministers. I enjoyed the play for three days in a row, and my business was postponed.

165438+1On October 22nd, Lushun, the stronghold of Beiyang Navy, fell, but Nora still disagreed and turned her finger at the hawks headed by Emperor Guangxu. 165438+1On October 26th, Nora summoned the Minister of Military Affairs in Yiluan Hall, but Emperor Guangxu was absent. Suddenly announced that "Jin, Zhen all kinds of misdeeds have asked for intervention, that is, to surrender to the nobility." He also sent Zhi Rui, the younger brother of Jin and Zhen, the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, to guard Uriah Terrace. Princess Zhen was a favorite of Guangxu and supported Guangxu's main battle against Japan. At that time, some main battle officials in the imperial court were dissatisfied with Nala's and Li Hongzhang's knees to Japan, so they asked the younger brother of the Second Princess, Zhi Rui, to "close the palace and let Zhen Fei speak on it" to promote Guangxu's resistance to Japan. 10 year128 October, Wen personally played: "The Japanese aggressors and the ministers of Xinjiang have different aspirations, but what they want is strictly discussed", impeaching Li Hongzhang and others, "only wanting peace" and "waiting for attack", and "asking the ministers of Japan and Beiyang to present a strict discussion to preserve the national law". At this time, Nalashi used Prince Gong to preside over the peace talks with Japan with all his heart, and there was a lot of noise between the Lord and the air. Nora chose to punish Princess Guangxu and her brother at this time, with the aim of cracking down on the pacifists and demonstrating to Guangxu. On February 4, 65438, Prince Gong Yixin was also appointed Minister of Military Aircraft, and Manchu sinology was cancelled, which further strengthened the forces of pacifists and cut off the forces of hawks around Guangxu.

1at the end of 894, the Qing court became more and more desperate in the war, and Nora's heart for peace became more and more urgent. Zhang and Shao Youlian were sent to Japan as plenipotentiaries to promote peace. The Japanese government refused to hold this meeting on the pretext that China's envoy did not fully authorize it. When the negotiation failed and the envoy was rejected, Nora was terrified. He ordered Shuntianfu to prepare chariots and mules, intending to flee to Shanxi.

After the Japanese government refused to make peace in Hiroshima, it immediately attacked Ahava, another base of Beiyang Navy. On the 27th, Ahava was captured and the Beiyang Navy was destroyed. At the beginning of March, the lower reaches of Liaohe River were launched, and within six days, Niuzhuang, Yingkou and Tianzhuangtai were even trapped. At this point, the capitulators headed by Nala made up their minds to surrender to Japan. In March, they sent Li Hongzhang as the first-class plenipotentiary and went to Japan for peace again. /kloc-in April of 0/7, they signed the treaty of shimonoseki, which was an unprecedented humiliating treaty in the history of China. After the news came out, the whole country was in an uproar and angrily denounced the traitorous behavior of Nala, Li Hongzhang and others. People posted "Long live without borders and celebrate with the whole world" at the gate of Beijing. The antithetical couplet protest of "the defeat of the three armed forces is based on the peace of the land" According to treaty of shimonoseki, the Japanese army began to send troops to invade Taiwan Province Province in June, which was met with heroic resistance from the people of Taiwan Province Province. On the one hand, Nalashi ordered officials from Taiwan Province Province to cross the border, and it was forbidden to support the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians in Taiwan Province Province. At the same time, he set up a ceiling in the Summer Palace to prepare for the summer vacation. People also wrote a couplet entitled "Taiwan Province Province has been returned to Japan, and the ceiling of the Summer Palace has been erected", denouncing Nora for treason.

After the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War, Emperor Guangxu was angry at the defeat, cut off the stage, thought about it, and made up his mind to reform. 1June, 898, the imperial edict of the state affairs was promulgated and the political reform was implemented. In September, Nora staged a coup to stifle the New Deal, imprisoned Emperor Guangxu in Yingtai and began to come back for political training.

1900, Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, and Nora fled Xi 'an with Guangxu. On February 14 of the following year, the outline of peace talks was approved and the shameless policy of "measuring China's material resources and winning the favor of the country" was promulgated. On September 7 th, the "Xin Chou Treaty" was signed, which humiliated the country. 1902 back to Beijing. Since then, the Nora family has been "afraid of outsiders and willing to accept any requirements."

1908, 10 year1October 22nd, Empress Dowager Cixi died at the age of 74. 19091October 4th, buried in Ding Dong Mausoleum, Putuoyu, Dongling, Qing Dynasty.

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