When Jin Mingdi was only a few years old, he sat on Yuan Di's knee. A man from Chang 'an, Yuan Di asked him about Luoyang, and he couldn't help crying. Ming Di asked Yuan Di why he was crying, and Yuan Di told him the whole story of moving eastward in detail. So he asked Ming Di, "Which do you think is farther from Chang 'an than the sun?" Ming Di replied, "The sun is far away. I have never heard of who is from the sun, obviously. " Yuan Di was surprised.
When Jin Mingdi was a few years old, she sat on Yuan Di's lap. Someone came from Chang 'an and asked Luo for news, and shed tears. Ming Di asked him why he was crying and told him in an oriental tone. Because he asked Ming Di, "How far do you want Chang 'an to be?" Answer: "The sun is far away. I don't know if people are from the sun. " Yuan Di was surprised.
The next day, Yuan Di called ministers to a banquet and told everyone what Ming Di said. Then he asked Ming Di again, but Ming Di replied, "The sun is near." Yuan Di was surprised and asked, "Why are you different from what you said yesterday?" Ming Di replied, "Because you can see the sun when you look up, but you can't always see Chang 'an. "
Tomorrow, I will call ministers to hold a banquet to tell you this and ask you more questions. But I replied, "The day is near." Yuan Di looked pale and said, "Why are you different from yesterday?" A: "Looking up at the sun, you can't see Chang 'an. "
Selected from Shi Shuo Xin Yu
I raised my eyes and saw the sun, but I couldn't see Chang 'an.
Western Jin Dynasty (266~3 16) In 266 AD, Sima Yan, the grandson of Sima Yi, the minister of Wei, usurped the throne and changed his title to Jin. His capital is Luoyang. Sima Yan is the Emperor of Jin Dynasty.
Rise and unification
The origin of the Jin dynasty royal family is the Sima family in Hanoi, and it has been an official for several generations in the Cao Wei era. For example, Sima Lang, Sima Yi and Sima Fu were eight brothers, and they were called the "Big Eight" at that time. Among them, Sima Yi had political and military talents. In the late Cao Wei period, he resisted the Northern Expedition of Shu and Han, pacified Liaodong and became an important official of Wei State. When Wei Mingdi died in 239, Sima Yi and Cao Shuang jointly assisted in the bequest, but Sima Yi was later shelved by Cao Shuang. In 249, the High Ping Ling Incident happened. At this point, the Sima dictatorship began. After Sima Yi's death, his sons Sima Shi and Si Mazhao gradually consolidated Sima Shi's power. During this period, there were three wars against Sima (known as Shouchun Three Rebellions in history), all of which were put down.
In 263 AD, Si Mazhao ordered Zhong Hui, Wargo and Zhuge Xu to attack Shu, and Jiang Wei, the commander of Shu Han, stopped the enemy at Jiange. Finally, Wargo took advantage of the situation to capture Fucheng and advance into Chengdu. Finally, Liu Chan surrendered and Shu Han perished. This is the so-called battle of Wei destroying Shu. Later, Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei attempted to defect, but they were immediately suppressed by Si Mazhao. Si Mazhao died soon, and his son Sima Yan finally died in 1920.
At that time, the situation of Sun Wu was chaotic, and Sun Hao, Emperor Wu, was down and out and lived in luxury. In 270, Xianbei Bald Tree in Hexi rebelled until 279. At this time, ready to cut wu. He sent Yang to Xiangyang to confront Lu Kang, a famous Sun Wu star, and sent Wang Jun to build a ship in Yizhou. In 274, Lu Kang died. The following year, yang hu proposed cutting Wu, and Jia Chong opposed it. After years of preparation, in 279, Jia Chong, Xun Xu and others objected on the grounds that the northwest was undecided. Finally, Sima Yan decided to attack the State of Wu in June+February 5438, which was the famous battle of annihilation in Jin and Wu. Sima Yan took Jia Chong as the commander-in-chief, and Wang Junjun in the upper reaches, Du Yu in the middle reaches and Wang Hun in the lower reaches went hand in hand. Finally in 280, approaching Jianye, Sun Hao surrendered, Sun Wu perished, and the Western Jin Dynasty perished.
domestic trouble and foreign invasion
The political atmosphere in the Western Jin Dynasty is deteriorating. During the Cao Wei period, the clan was deliberately suppressed and meritocracy was advocated, but its reputation gradually declined. After Sima Shi came to power, he slaughtered dissidents. Under the wings of Sima Yi and Chen Qun, clans gradually re-emerged, making most of the founding heroes of the Western Jin Dynasty belong to the generation without virtue and talent. At that time, the famous clansmen were Wang Xiang of Langya, Yang Rong Zhengchong, Chen Hezeng, Linhuai Chen Qian, Xun Yi Xun of Yingchuan, Wei Guan of Hedong, Pei Xiu of Hedong, Wang Hun of Taiyuan, yang hu of Taishan, Dan Tao of Hanoi and Du Yu of Jingzhao. At that time, society. " On the contrary, Shi Chong, the richest man at that time, set up a museum in Jingu. He once competed with his spouse Wang Kai for wealth. At that time, Emperor Wu of Song did not stop him, but helped Wang Kai. Because luxury and corruption are inseparable, scholars at that time almost all got rich by taking bribes. Although Emperor Wu of Jin repeatedly advocated frugality, he did not set an example. During the Cao Wei period, many literati followed suit and eventually formed a group with both fame and fortune.
The party was founded because of the ministers' argument on the issues of "Wu Ping" and "Li Si". Yang hu and Zhang Hua supported cutting Wu and thought it impossible. However, Jia Chong, Xun Xun and Feng Yi, slaves of Sima's family, opposed it, so it dragged on for several years. After Wu Ping, Jia Chong was ashamed of his mistakes and resented Zhang Hua. At that time, the princes quarreled even more. At that time, the prince was Sima Zhong, incompetent. Sima You, the younger brother of Emperor Wu, is more benevolent and filial. Ministers Wei Guan and He Yi advocated making friends, but Xun Yu, Xun Yu and Feng Yi all failed. Wang Qi, you finally died in anger. After the establishment of the Western Jin Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty enfeoffed the kings and sent them to the country in 277. Some of them are in charge of the military affairs of the states, such as Wang Liang in Runan and Wang Wei in Chu. They are in charge of Yangzhou. After reunification, the state garrison was abolished in order to avoid the recurrence of the state separatist regime in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu enfeoffed the kings and went up to the state and county soldiers to avoid the dictatorship of the powerful ministers and local separatist regimes. However, the power of the local imperial clan gradually surpassed that of the central government. At that time, the Hu people in the border moved into the Central Plains, showing a semi-closed situation to the State of Jin. These conference semifinals are always oppressed by Chinese officials or discriminated by Chinese people, so they are dissatisfied. In 270, Xianbei Bald Tree in Hexi rebelled, and Liu Meng, the Hun, went through the customs until he was pacified in 279. Later, Guo Qin, Jiang Tong and others used the migration theory to persuade Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to forcibly move the foreigners back to their original places.
Emperor Wu of Jin was mediocre in talent, but very lewd. In 273, in order to choose ladies-in-waiting, he banned ethnic marriage. After the destruction of Wu, 5000 ladies-in-waiting in Sun Hao's harem were included, which made the harem have a scale of 10,000 people at that time. He inherited the inheritance of the first emperor and became emperor, not a genius. He failed to solve the problems of extravagant political style and corruption, the rise of political parties, the expansion of imperial clan forces and the inward migration of foreigners, which buried the distant causes of the Eight Kings Rebellion and Yongjia disaster in the future.
Intervention in Politics after Home and the Eight Kings Rebellion
In 290, Emperor Wu of Jin died, Hui Di succeeded to the throne, and Yang Jun, a consort, assisted in state affairs. Hui Di is incompetent and incompetent. History records that he was swimming in Hualin Garden, and he heard frogs and said, "Is this singer an official?" Private? "When the world panicked and people starved to death, he actually said," Why not eat minced meat? "Jia Nanfeng queen ambitious, the opportunity to govern. At that time, he was in power and opposed Jia. Sima Liang, the king of Runan, was afraid that Yang Jun would hurt him and fled to Xuchang. In order to consolidate his power, Yang Jun appointed his cronies to take charge of the imperial army, which made the imperial clan king and some ministers dissatisfied. 19 1 year, Empress Jia was deposed by Sima Wei, the king of Chu, and he appointed Wei officials to manage politics. Before long, Jia used the King Wei of Chu to manage politics. After that, Zhang Hua, Pei Wei and Jamo were appointed as power. Fortunately, Zhang Hua and others, such as Qi Xin, worked together to fulfill their duties, and the political situation was stabilized. In 294, Xiongnu Hao San rebelled and was soon put down. In 1996, under the leadership of Qi Wannian, his younger brother Liu joined forces with Ma Lanqiang and Lushuihu in the northwest, and the Jin Army was defeated and Zhou was killed.
Prince Sima Yi was not born to the Queen Mother, and the Queen Mother deliberately abolished it. In 300, the prince was slandered and rebelled by the empress dowager and was abolished. Sima Lun, the king of Zhao, adopted Sun Xiuji to provoke the Empress Dowager and killed the Prince. Later, Zhao and Sima Mian, the king of Qi, sent troops to get rid of the empress dowager and her henchmen on the grounds of revenge for the prince, and Zhao ruled the country. In 30 1 year, Zhao became emperor and started his own business. Qi Wang Party, Hejian Yu, Chengdu Ying and Changshan Ai (later called Changsha Wang) attacked Zhao. In May, Zhao and his henchmen were purged and the dictatorship of the Qi King Party was restored. In 302, Wang Yong from Chengdu and Hejian sent troops to attack the Qi Wang Party, and Wang Wa from Changsha responded in Luoyang, the capital.
In 303, Wang Ying, a native of Chengdu, and Wang Yong, a native of Hejian, joined forces to attack Luoyang, and were repeatedly defeated by the King of Changsha. At the beginning of 304, Luoyang was short of food. Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, colluded with the imperial army, captured the king of Changsha alive and surrendered in Kaesong. Changsha King was roasted to death by Hejian General Zhang Fang, and Chengdu Wang Ying forced him to be his younger brother, Hejian Wang Yong to be Taizai and Donghai Wang Yue. The political center moved northward. Later, Wang Yue of the East China Sea gathered all his strength and attacked Chengdu and Wang Ying with Hui Di. Finally, Hui Di was captured, and the King of the East China Sea fled to the East China Sea (now north of Tancheng, Shandong). General Zhang Fang, king of Hejian, occupied Luoyang.
Ma Teng, his younger brother, defeated the King of Chengdu together with ieee fellow, the secretariat of Bingzhou, and the secretariat of Youzhou. King Chengdu fled to Luoyang and took refuge in Hejian King who owned Guanzhong and Luoyang. Finally, the King of Chengdu was abolished, and Sima Chi, Wang Gai of Hejian, became his younger brother. In 305, Wang Yue of the East China Sea rose again in Shandong, and was tackling key problems in the west. In 306, Wang Yue of the East China Sea invaded Chang 'an.
Five nomadic tribes plague China people.
During the Eight Kings Rebellion, Sima's local influence declined, and the local power continued to expand, and foreigners defected to independence one after another, and Li Cheng became independent one after another. Li Xiong, an Adi, gradually gained power in Yizhou, and finally became emperor in 306, known as Li Cheng in history. In 304, Wang Jun sent Liu Yuan, the leader of Xiongnu, back to Bing to send troops to support, and Liu Yuan took the opportunity to declare independence.
After the Eight Kings Rebellion, Liu Yuan sent his son Liu Cong to plunder Luoyang, while general Schleswig and Wang Mi plundered the Kanto countries. In 3 10, Liu Yuan died and his son Liu He succeeded to the throne. Liu Cong committed suicide and stood on his own feet soon. In 3 1 10, Schleswig sent troops to Xiangyang, and the Jin Dynasty sent troops to crusade. However, due to mutual suspicion between the imperial court and Sima Yue's Lord, 8 Jin Army was in civil strife and was finally captured by Schleswig. History calls it "the disaster of Yongjia". In 3 13, Emperor Huai was killed and succeeded to Chang 'an. Han and Zhao sent Liu Yao to continue the attack. In 3 16, Di Chin surrendered and was finally humiliated and killed, and then the Western Jin Dynasty was destroyed. Later Xiongnu, Bian, Jie, Xianbei, Qiang, etc.
After the demise of the Western Jin Dynasty, there were still three areas loyal to the Jin Dynasty in the north, namely Liu Kun in the north of Bingzhou, Pipi in Youzhou and Zhang Shi in Liangzhou. However, Bing Liu Kun was defeated by Schleswig first and took refuge in Pippi in Youzhou. Duan Pipi was ordered by the Eastern Jin Dynasty to kill Liu Kun, and was defeated by Schleswig. Finally, after Zhang Shi died in Liangzhou, his younger brother Zhang Mao surrendered to Liu Yao.
The reign of the Jin and Yuan emperors (276 ~322) was from 3 17 to 322.
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Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in China. Temple name Zhongzong, Yuan Di, posthumous title. The great-grandson of Sima Yi and the son of Sima Jin. Zi was born in Wenxian County, Hanoi (now Wenxian West, Henan Province).
/kloc-at the age of 0/5, he succeeded to the throne of Langya. In the later period of the Eight Kings Rebellion, he attached himself to Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea. The more you take him as general Pingtung and supervise Xuzhou military affairs, the more he stays behind. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Yuan rose up, the situation in the Central Plains deteriorated, and Si Marui used Wang Dao's plan to move the capital to build his capital (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In the first year of Yongjia (307), the court appointed him as the general Anton He.
In the fourth year of Jianxing (365,438+06), Liu Yao of Han Dynasty surrendered to Chang 'an, captured the emperor and died in the Western Jin Dynasty. In March of the following year, Si Marui ascended the throne and People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded. Si Marui proclaimed himself emperor in 365,438+08, and changed his name to Taixing. According to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Huaihe River and Pearl River Basin, it is called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history. Early years of Eastern Jin Dynasty. Said, diaoxie, as a confidant, want to refuse the king. In the first year of Yu Yongchang (322), in the name of killing Liu Kui, Wang Dun rose to Wuchang and took Stone Town (namely Jiankang). Wang Dao secretly helped Wang attack Jiankang, killed him and went to Schleswig. In the same year, he jumped off a building.
"Looking up at the sun, I can't see Chang 'an" in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Su Hui: How old is Jin Mingdi, sitting on Yuan Di's lap? When someone came from Chang 'an, Yuan Di asked about Charlotte (Luoyang) and shed tears. Ming Di asked, "Why are you crying?" I asked Ming Di, "How far is Chang 'an from the sun? What does this mean?" Answer: "It's far away. Obviously, people are not from Japan. "Yuan Di is different. Tomorrow, a banquet will be held for ministers to illustrate this point. More importantly, I asked him, but I replied, "The day is near." Yuan Di pale and said, "why are you different from yesterday? A: "I can see the sun, but I can't see Chang' an. "
This story shows that the son of Emperor Jin Yuan (Si Marui) is very clever, but it does not clearly describe the reason why the Emperor Jin Yuan wept. However, according to historical knowledge, we know that the capital of the Jin Dynasty was originally in Luoyang. After the Xiongnu soldiers captured Luoyang, they captured Chang 'an in 3 16 AD and destroyed the Western Jin Dynasty. In 3 17, Si Marui, the royal family of the Jin Dynasty, had to flee to Jiankang (now Nanjing) in the south of the Yangtze River to rebuild the Jin Dynasty, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty in history.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Si Marui took refuge in Meduoling, southwest of Chuzhou, hence the name Langya Mountain.
His mausoleum was built in Jianping Mausoleum (now Jilong Mountain, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).
Jin Mingdi Si Mashao (30 1-325), a native of Dao Ji, was the second emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the son of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty. His mother was born in Dai Jun.
During the reign of Yuan Di, he was made a prince. Yuan Di died in leap 1 1 in 322 AD, and he succeeded to the throne in the same month. The reign year was changed to "Taining". He died at the age of 27 after three years in office. Buried in Ping Ling (now Jilong Mountain, Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province).
Jin Mingdi has been very clever since he was a child. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, when Jin Mingdi was a child, he argued with his father whether the sun was closer to Chang 'an and the anecdote that the East Palace guards were used to build the Prince Xichi overnight. Si Mashao is not only good at calligraphy and courtesy, but also filial. Si Mashao is very brave. Wang Dun called him "Xianbeier". Wang Dun wanted to ask the Emperor Wu of Jin to abolish the Prince, but he gave up because of the minister's opposition.
After Si Mashao succeeded to the throne, he still used Wang Dao as assistant minister. Wang Dao's cousin Wang Dun thought it was an opportunity to seize the throne. In 324 AD, Wang Dun was seriously ill, and Si Mashao took the opportunity to plan to send troops to pacify Wang Dun. Wang Dun once again pre-empted, sent troops to attack health, and was repelled by 8 jin j.. Soon, Wang Dun died of illness, and the usurpation crisis temporarily subsided.
In the leap of August in 325 AD, Si Mashao was seriously ill. On his deathbed, he called Taizai Sima Yang, Stuart Wang Dao, Shangshu Lingbian and others to his bedroom to accept his life, and appointed Prince Sima Yan as emperor, asking them to assist him wholeheartedly. The next day (the day of the Eighth National Games), Si Mashao died in the East Hall of Jiankang Palace.
After Si Mashao's death, the temple was named Su Zong and posthumous title Ming Di.