Marx once pointed out: "Human beings can only put forward tasks that they can always solve, because as long as we observe carefully, we can find that it will only happen when the material conditions for solving it already exist or at least are forming." (The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 13, Page 9) Since the development trend of global integration has become an undeniable social and historical objective reality of contemporary mankind, the proposal of a globally integrated society as a new social and historical form has also become. Since the "material conditions already exist or at least are forming" to solve the macro-historical form of a global integrated society, it is inevitable to conduct theoretical investigation and research on it.
Human society is divided into five basic forms: primitive society, slave society, feudal society, capitalist society and communist society. This division method and viewpoint is a great progress in19th century, which lays a theoretical foundation for the scientific theory of social and historical forms and has epoch-making significance in the field of social and historical forms theory. However, since the birth of19th century, with the continuous development and progress of social history and the changes of the times, the five-form theory will inevitably have the following limitations: First, from the methodological point of view, primitive society and communist society belong to social forms without private ownership, class and nationality; Slave society, feudal society and capitalist society all belong to the social form of private ownership, class and nation-state. From the perspective of social organization system, we can summarize slave society, feudal society and capitalist society as "national state social form" Therefore, we can divide human society into three macro-historical forms or three macro-historical periods: primitive society, nation-state society and global integration society, and further divide the macro-historical period of primitive society into four meso-historical periods: primitive natural social historical period, primitive matriarchal clan social historical period, primitive patrilineal clan social historical period and primitive clan tribal alliance social historical transformation period. The macro-historical era of nation-state society can be divided into four historical periods: the historical period of slavery society, the historical period of feudal society, the historical period of capitalist society and the historical transition period of socialist society. The macro-historical era of a globally integrated society can be divided into four meso-social historical periods: the historical period of a globally integrated network society, the historical period of a globally integrated cultural and ecological society, the historical period of a near-earth space civilized society and the historical transformation period of a distant space civilized society.
Second, the era of primitive social organization system, the era of national social organization system and the era of global integrated social organization system.
From the macro-historical level, the whole process of the development and evolution of the dialectical movement of human social history on earth can be divided into three macro-social historical eras: the era of primitive social organization system, the era of national social organization system and the era of global integration social organization system.
The social and historical period of primitive clan tribal alliance is a transitional period of dialectical transformation from primitive social era to national social era. This transitional period not only has some basic characteristics of the primitive social era, but also gradually produces some new characteristics that form the social era of nation-state. Therefore, it will show the transitional characteristics of the social and historical transformation of "returning home". The historical period of socialist society is a transitional period from the era of nation-state society to the era of global integration society. In this transitional period, there will be some basic characteristics of the era of social decline of nation-state and some new characteristics of the era of global integration society. Therefore, it will also show the characteristics of social and historical transformation and transition. The social and historical period of distant space civilization is a transitional period of dialectical transformation from the era of earth civilization to the era of interstellar civilization. This transitional period not only maintains the internal connection with the earth civilization, but also gradually transits to the interstellar civilization, and will also show the social and historical transformation and transition characteristics of "the earth is also a star".
From the micro-historical level, each historical period of the meso-social organization system can be divided into several stages of micro-social historical development. For example, the historical period of capitalist society can be divided into three stages: the initial stage of capitalist society, the all-round stage of capitalist society and the end stage of capitalist society. For another example, the meso-historical period of socialist society can be divided into three micro-social historical stages: the historical class of the primary development of socialist society, the historical stage of the all-round development of socialist society, and the historical stage of the all-round transformation of socialist society to the era of global integration.
Third, the basic characteristics of the social organization system in the historical era of primitive society
In primitive society, the historical form of social organization system will present the following obvious basic characteristics: (1) From the aspect of marriage and family form, it will experience a variety of historical development forms such as limited group marriage, group marriage outside the group, and couple marriage. It will eventually turn into a monogamous marriage system. (2) From the perspective of social organization system, it will go through four historical forms: primitive natural social organization system, primitive matriarchal social organization system, primitive paternal clan social organization system and primitive clan tribal alliance social organization system. It will eventually be transformed into the social organization system of the nation-state. (3) Judging from the relationship between the marriage and family organization system and the social organization system, it is still in an undifferentiated primitive chaotic state. The original marriage and family organization system and the social organization system are dialectical and identical, but they have not yet differentiated and merged into one. (4) From the perspective of social activities, social production, social life and social management have not yet differentiated from each other. The budding social division of labor in this era is in a primitive and identical state of chaos, mainly due to the natural division of labor among social members due to gender, age and physiological conditions. For example, adult women are responsible for the division of labor of bearing children, and adult members are responsible for the division of labor of gathering and hunting. Members with strong physical strength and experience are usually leaders of social activities, while underage children are taken care of by adult members on the one hand. On the one hand, learn to imitate the basic skills of production and life, and accumulate relevant production and life experience and common sense. (5) From the relationship between social members and social wealth, there are differences in physiology, age, labor skills and experience among social members, and there is an original equal relationship in the possession and use of social wealth, which is due to the primitive backwardness of the development level of social productive forces. The accumulated social surplus labor products and social surplus wealth have not yet been produced. [6] From the perspective of the scale of social organization system, in the primitive society era, due to the development level of primitive productivity, transportation and social management, primitive society was divided into many primitive forms of social organization system and social units such as primitive blood groups, primitive clan society and primitive clan tribes.
Fourth, the basic characteristics of the social organization system in the social and historical era of the nation-state.
The social era of the nation-state is the dialectical negation of the primitive social era and the inevitable result of the dialectical development of the primitive social era. In the social era of nation-state, the historical form of social organization system will present the following obvious basic characteristics: (1) From the form of marriage and family organization system, monogamous marriage and family form will exist in the whole social era of nation-state. Polygamy marriage and polygamous marriage and family forms are extremely rare. On the one hand, monogamous marriage and family can clearly analyze the blood relationship among members of human society, laying a clear basic premise for the formation, development and consolidation of private ownership; On the other hand, it is beneficial to the healthy development and evolution of human physiology and intelligence, and lays a solid physiological and genetic foundation for the continuous development and evolution of society. (2) From the perspective of social organization system, on the one hand, social organisms gradually differentiate into various social production organizations, various social service organizations, various social daily life organizations and various social public affairs management organizations; On the other hand, various social organizations and other social system elements have formed various organic and unified social organization systems through mutual connection, interaction, mutual restriction and interdependence during the development and evolution of dialectical movement. And in different historical periods, it presents the historical development form of social organization system in different social and historical periods. The social era of nation-state will experience the historical development period of four social organization systems: slavery society, feudalism society, capitalism society and socialism society. These four periods are also four historical development forms of the social organization system of the nation-state. (3) From the relationship between marriage and family organization system and social organization system, in the era of nation-state, marriage and family organization systems have been separated from each other, and marriage is only one aspect of social relations, and family is only the basic cell of social organization system. Marriage and family organization system and social organization system are no longer in the original state of indifference. However, in slavery and feudal society, the marriage and family forms and social organization systems of slave royal families and feudal royal families are still in a state of no difference. The change of marriage and family relationship between slave royal family and feudal royal family usually has an extremely important impact on their social organization system. (4) From the perspective of the relationship between social members and social wealth, in the era of nation-state, the relationship between social wealth and social members has been separated, and social wealth has gradually concentrated on a very small number of social members, thus becoming the exploiting class and the ruling class; Most other members of society gradually become poor social classes that are exploited and ruled. (5) As far as the basic form and scale of social organization system are concerned, in the social and historical era of nation-states, human society is divided into social organization system units of many nation-states, which are independent of each other and directly or indirectly related to each other. Due to the corresponding improvement of the development level of social productive forces, the corresponding changes in communication and transportation conditions, the corresponding changes in the level of social management, and the corresponding development of social science, technology, culture and education, the social scale of some nation-state rulers has also expanded accordingly. Although some national rulers in this social and historical era tried to expand their influence to all countries in the world, due to the limitations and constraints of the social and historical conditions of their time, they could only become a grand and beautiful historical fantasy lacking the objective reality of social history.
Five, the basic characteristics of social organization system in the historical era of global integration society
The era of global integration society is the inevitable result of the development and evolution of dialectical movement in the era of nation-state, and it is the dialectical negation and dialectical development in the era of nation-state. The social organization system in the era of global integration society has the following obvious basic characteristics: (1) From the perspective of the form and scale of social organization system, In the historical era of a globally integrated society, the social organization system of separated, independent and conflicting nation-states will be transformed into a globally integrated social organization system, and the countries of all nationalities in the world will be integrated into an organically unified global human social community, and all races and nationalities in the global society will be integrated into an organically unified "earth human"; In terms of scale, the global integrated social organization system will cover the whole earth in space, and its organizations will spread all over every region of the global society. (2) As far as the relationship between social members and social wealth is concerned, in the historical era of globalization, social production facilities, social service facilities, social daily life facilities and social management facilities will spread all over the world. The above four systems will gradually merge into an organic and unified "global social public facilities system", and the ownership, use right, income right, disposal right and management right of this huge system are jointly owned by members of human society all over the world. In this way, the differences between social members in the possession of social wealth will disappear completely, thus realizing the real "common ownership" of social wealth. (3) From the perspective of social division of labor and social activities, in the historical era of a globally integrated society, due to the high and full development of social science, technology, culture and education, the level of social productivity has been greatly improved, and the quality of every member of society has been fully developed, which will completely change the traditional social division of labor and enable every adult member of society to become a producer, a service provider, a consumer and a manager.