Infectious diseases of people and animals caused by viruses. Before 1884 discovered the virus, the French scientist Pasteur invented the rabies vaccine. (Right: rabies virus particles)
Rabies virus (rabies
Viruses,
RV) belongs to Rhabdoviridae Rhabdovirus genus. It is the pathogen that causes rabies. The shape is bullet-shaped, the core-shell spiral symmetry, and the surface is covered with single-stranded RNA. The virus particles have an envelope outside and a nucleoprotein shell inside. There are many fibrils composed of glycoprotein in the outermost layer of the capsule, which are arranged neatly. This fibril has antigenicity and can stimulate the body to produce neutralizing antibodies. The virus contains five major proteins (L, N, G, M 1 and M2) and two minor proteins (P40 and P43). L protein is transcribed; N protein is the main nuclear protein of virus particles and the main component of inducing rabies cellular immunity, which is often used in the diagnosis, typing and epidemiological study of rabies virus. G protein is a glycoprotein that constitutes the fibril on the surface of the virus. It has the characteristics of agglutinating red blood cells, and is a structure that rabies virus binds to cell receptors, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis and immunity of rabies virus. M 1 protein is a specific antigen, which forms a cell surface antigen with M2.
There are two main antigens of rabies virus: one is glycoprotein antigen on the outer membrane of the virus, which can combine with acetylcholine receptor to make the virus neurotoxic, and produce neutralizing antibody and hemagglutination inhibition antibody in vivo, and neutralizing antibody has protective effect; The other is the nuclear protein antigen, which can produce complement-binding antibodies and precipitate in the body without protection.
Viruses isolated from patients and sick animals are called natural viruses or street viruses (stree
Virus), which is characterized by its strong virulence, has repeatedly passed through the rabbit brain to become a fixed virus.
Virus), the toxicity is reduced, and it can be used to make vaccines.