Since September 1965, the headquarters of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries has been moved from Geneva, Switzerland to Vienna, Austria. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is the earliest and most influential producer and exporter of raw materials in the third world. Oil is the most important energy source in the world after the war. In the early post-war period, the exploration, exploitation and sales of world oil were almost completely controlled by western oil monopoly consortia. As a result of this monopoly control, the western developed countries have gained excess profits, while the economic interests of the major oil-producing countries in the third world have been damaged. In order to compete with major oil companies (mostly the United States, Britain and Germany), in order to reduce oil prices and the burden on producers. At first, the organization was only an unofficial negotiating group, selling to third world countries at a lower price. Such a scale limits its efforts to gain a greater share of profits and a higher level of production control in western oil companies. However, in the early1970s, it began to show its effectiveness. The General Assembly of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is the highest authority of the organization, and all member countries send delegations led by ministers of oil, minerals and energy. The general assembly is held twice a year, and special meetings can be held when necessary. The General Assembly adheres to the principle of unanimous consent of all Member States, and each Member State has one vote. It is responsible for formulating the main policies of the organization and determining the appropriate ways to implement them.

At the same time, the General Assembly of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries also decides whether to accept new members, and considers the reports and suggestions submitted by the Council on the affairs of the Organization. The general assembly deliberates and approves the appointment of directors from any member state and elects the chairman of the board of directors. The General Assembly has the right to request the Council to submit a report or make recommendations on any matter concerning the interests of the Organization. The General Assembly will also consider the budget report of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries submitted by the Security Council and decide whether to revise it.

The Council of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is similar to that of ordinary commercial organizations, and is composed of directors nominated by member countries and adopted by the general assembly. It is held every two years. The Council is responsible for managing the daily affairs of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, implementing the resolutions of the General Assembly, drafting the annual budget report and submitting it to the General Assembly for deliberation and approval. The Council also considered the report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly on the daily affairs of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

The Secretariat of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is responsible for exercising the administrative functions of the Organization under the leadership of the Council in accordance with the Regulations of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The Secretariat consists of Secretary-General, Research Office, Data Service Center, Energy Situation Research Department, Oil Market Analysis Department, Administration and Personnel Department, Information Department, Secretary-General's Office and Legal Office. The secretariat was established in 196 1, and the office was originally located in Geneva, and then moved to Vienna in 1965. A specialized agency, the Economic Commission, has been set up in the Secretariat to help the Organization stabilize the international oil price at a fair and reasonable level.