Misunderstandings in the renewal of historical blocks
The reality of China at this stage is: a large number of historical blocks carefully designed and reinterpreted by excellent designers have merged cultural values and artistic works to reproduce their elegance; However, although these newly designed historic blocks have been recognized in the field of architecture, they have been given a cold shoulder in front of China people. There are also some historical blocks with considerable artistic value. Although a lot of manpower and material resources have been invested in updating, the streets are deserted, shops are neglected, and it is impossible to rejuvenate, which has become a huge waste of social resources. Therefore, it should be the primary task to clarify the purpose of protection and renewal of historical blocks. The key to the revival of historical blocks should not be the restoration and revival of buildings in the architectural category, but the revival of blocks in the sociological category-the updated historical blocks should become a lively living space that people like to see and hear.
Key points of revitalization of historical blocks with different properties
Judging from the main functional characteristics of historical blocks, they can be divided into three types: residential historical blocks, commercial historical blocks and cultural historical blocks, so the intangible cultural heritage existing in historical blocks is mainly reflected in three aspects: residence, commerce and context. According to different types of historical blocks, we should transform them in different ways.
Residential Historic Block —— Reconstruction and Continuation of Residential Space
Residential historical block is a historical block with residential as its main functional feature, and residential function is the basis of its development and continuation. In addition to the residential function, residential historical blocks also have the characteristics of historical continuity, spatial integrity, community and culture. It is necessary to consider the continuation of the vitality of residential historical blocks from the intangible cultural heritage such as residents' living habits, daily activities, neighborhood relations and social network composition.
First of all, we should focus on the protection and renewal of residential buildings. For the blocks with less damage and higher overall value of residential buildings, complete protection should be taken, only the buildings with serious aging materials in the blocks should be repaired, and the physical space and social network of the blocks should be completely preserved. For those blocks with uneven quality of traditional buildings, some buildings can be replaced appropriately according to the actual situation, and structural adjustments can be made, such as transforming the buildings with better quality in the blocks into characteristic hotel or public activity centers.
Secondly, in the planning and design of the protection and renewal of residential historic blocks, on the basis of in-depth understanding of neighborhood relations and social network composition, we should design and arrange corresponding places to provide places for residents to meet, communicate and entertain, so as to continue the social relations, communication methods and neighborhood relations among residents in the blocks.
Commercial Historic District —— "Time-honored Brand" Rejuvenates in the Second Spring
Commercial historical block is a historical block characterized by commercial transactions, which mainly deals in special food and traditional handicrafts. The intangible cultural heritage of this kind of block mainly includes old shops, traditional handicraft skills and inheritors of various skills. The remarkable characteristics of intangible cultural heritage depend on human existence. Therefore, in the process of protecting and updating such historical blocks, time-honored brands should plan and design the space environment according to the different requirements of production, processing, display, sales and catering methods to ensure that the intangible cultural heritage can adapt to the material space carrier; We must not simply move these old brands out of historical blocks through functional replacement.
In addition, it is particularly important to protect the inheritors of intangible cultural heritage such as traditional handicrafts and special diets. Inheritors are inseparable from the cultivated cultural soil. By preserving the combination of their commercial activities and residential buildings, they can maintain their traditional skills in the specific environment where they grew up and studied. The government can make full use of economic leverage, mobilize the enthusiasm of intangible cultural heritage inheritors by commending and naming, help them occupy more advantages in market competition, and give strong economic subsidies and funding to improve their living environment, so as to effectively inherit intangible cultural heritage.
Cultural and historical blocks-the unity of historical culture and space
Cultural and historical blocks mainly reflect the history and culture of a city or region, and intangible cultural heritage mainly includes traditional culture, customs and etiquette, religious culture and so on. The planning and design of blocks must fully respect this point, which is not only conducive to the development and continuation of history and culture, but also conducive to the integration of culture into modern society. For the revitalization of this kind of historical block, we should first consider arranging corresponding places to introduce and publicize its unique history and culture. On the one hand, it can make citizens or tourists who visit the block have a clear understanding, on the other hand, it is also a way to protect the history and culture of the block.
The reconstruction of China historic district is not only the work of architects, but also the principle of protecting architectural style and exploring the invisible characteristics of the district, integrating various resources and doing a good job of full demonstration; According to the specific block types, in-depth study and the right medicine can make the transformation planning truly integrate into the blood of history and culture, awaken the strong sense of identity of the citizens, and finally realize the goal of revitalizing historical blocks. (End)