Through the development of theorists such as Turner, Engels, belinsky and Luacs in the 20th century, and the literary practice of great writers such as Balzac, Dostoevsky, Flaubert and Tolstoy, realism reached its climax. Realism theory is becoming more and more perfect, forming a complete set of discourse rules. It includes the following meanings:

First, the realistic and objective representation of social reality is the most fundamental meaning of realistic terms. Damian Grant explained the objectivity of realism with the theory of conformity, which he called serious literary psychology. "If literature ignores or belittles external reality, and hope only draws nutrition from unrestrained imagination and exists only for imagination, this serious psychology will protest." This emphasizes the loyalty and responsibility of literature to reality. R Wellek interprets this meaning from the historical background of realism against romanticism: "It excludes illusory fantasy, fairy tales, meanings and symbols, high stylization, and pure abstraction and sculpture, which means that we don't need fiction, fairy tales and dream worlds." In this sense, I hope to truly present the real state of social existence.

Second, the well-known typical theory. Typical theory constitutes the core content of realistic theory. Generally speaking, the typical theory is to solve the relationship between the special and the general of literary figures. Hegel and Schelling laid an aesthetic foundation for the spread of typicalism. Hegel believes that personality is the real center of ideal artistic expression, and personality is interesting because of its integrity, and integrity "is due to the combination of the universality of the power represented and the particularity of individual characters, and becomes a unified self in this unity." According to the history of Wellek, the original user of typical terms is Schelling, which means a person with great universality as a myth.

Third, historical requirements. Wellek believes that historicity is a feasible standard in realistic theory. He quoted auerbach's comments on Red and Black to illustrate this point: "The hero is rooted in a universal political, social and economic reality, which is concrete and developing at the same time". Wellek's point of view is right. Realism does have its historical dimension.

/kloc-the trend of critical realism in the 0/9th century is both a historical inheritance and a realistic innovation. It summed up the literary experience before18th century, supplemented the historical concreteness of realism in the Renaissance, got rid of the rational principle of classicism, and overcame the didactic elements of realism and the subjectivity of romanticism in the Enlightenment.