In the pre-Qin period, surnames were different. Noble men call their surnames, and women call their surnames. Surnames are used to distinguish marriage and surnames are used to distinguish dignity. Wang Guowei, a master of modern Chinese studies, also said in On the System of Yin and Zhou Dynasties: Men call their surnames, women call their surnames, and the system of Zhou Dynasty is unified. Sheng is the surname of Qin, not Qin. Therefore, Ying Zheng, the first Qin Emperor, does not conform to the appellation habits in the pre-Qin period.
According to Gu's Original Surname, ... Men call their surnames by their first names, while women call their surnames by their first names ... The most expensive one is the monarch, who has no surname, but does not call his country ... The second one is the childe, who has no surname and does not call his son ... The last one is Shu Ren, and Shu Ren has no surname and does not call him by his first name. ...
Compared with the appellations of princes in the pre-Qin period in Historical Records, such as Zhong Er, Xiaobai and Lion Tiger. Because there are many vassal States, in order to distinguish them from each other, we put "one country" in the first place, such as the son of Jin, the son of Qi and Zheng Shizi. But there is no record of Ji Zhong Er, Jiang, etc. Otherwise, today China's first surname is Ji.
Before Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, it was usually called the Prince's Mansion, and after he succeeded the King of Qin, it could be called the Prince's Mansion of Qin. After being proclaimed emperor, it can be called Qin Shihuang's administration according to custom. There is a popular saying that the State of Qin is Zhao, so Qin Shihuang should be called Zhao Zheng. However, according to the title of former monarch of Qin, there is no such title. However, surnames are not immutable, and with the improvement of family status, new surnames will continue to be derived.
For the official position of the vassal king, the most expensive thing is the "country." Therefore, after the princes lost their country, they often took the "country name" as their surname. Many surnames of China today are derived from the names of countries in the pre-Qin period, such as Zhou, Qi, Lu, Wei, Zheng, Xu and Wu. (Before Han, Zhao, Wei and Tex gained the country).
The main source of the Qin family in China comes from the Qin Dynasty in the pre-Qin period. Therefore, Qin Shihuang should be called Qin Zheng. Since the Han Dynasty, surnames are no longer distinguished, and there are still cases where surnames are used, such as Ji, Jiang, Yao and Ying. Because some people don't have another surname from the beginning (usually they don't have another surname until they have identity and status, and surnames are for everyone).
So this part of the crowd takes the surname as their surname. But these people are not in the mainstream (the more prominent their surnames are, the easier it is to derive more surnames, and the less the base of their surnames is. For example, according to statistics, Ji's surname derives from 4 1 1 surnames, and Jiang's surname derives from 102 surnames, so there are cases where surnames are the same). Such as Ying Zheng, Ji Chang and Jiang Ziya. , are the names of their descendants, not the address habits at that time.