Current location - Music Encyclopedia - Today in History - Build Soviet-class battleships
Build Soviet-class battleships
After two five-year plans, the Soviet shipbuilding industry has developed greatly, and the four major shipyards left over from the Russian period have undergone several rounds of expansion.

Current name, original name, security code and location

Ordzhonikidze Baltic Shipyard, Baltic Shipyard and 189 Plant Leningrad.

а Marty Shipyard, Naval Shipyard, 190 Factory, Leningrad

а Marty Shipyard, nikolayev Shipbuilding Consortium, 198 Factory, nikolayev.

6 1 Paris Commune member shipyard, French-Russian shipyard, 200 factories, nikolayev.

In addition, Stalin personally chose to build another large shipyard in Molotovsk (now North Devinsk) near Arkhangelsk. Tens of thousands of reform-through-labour prisoners have abruptly chiseled out two giant reinforced concrete docks 300 meters long, 42 meters wide and 7.5 meters deep on the indestructible Arctic granite. This was later the famous 402nd North Shipyard. At this point, the pattern of the three major shipbuilding centers in the Soviet era was formed and continued.

1938 65438+1October 2 1 Even before the new battleships were finalized, the Soviet government decided to start building four Type 23 battleships that year, and planned to launch them within 1939, and complete and put them into use before 1942. The first two battleships were launched. 1938 On July 5th, the groundbreaking ceremony of the first ship "USSR" was held at the slipway of 189 factory, but it was only to please Stalin's coping scene. The real project officially started in June 1939. The following year, the "Soviet" class sister ships started construction one after another.

Soviet Union, Soviet Union Ukraine, Soviet Union Belarus and Soviet Union Russia.

Engineering code 299,352, 10 1, 102.

Commencement1938 July 15,1938 June 3 1 June 9391938 February 2 1,1944.

Manufacturers: 189 factory, 198 factory, 402 factory, 402 factory.

From the beginning, the progress of "Soviet" level projects has been quite slow for various reasons. Although the Soviet shipbuilding industry has made great progress, it took too long to jump directly from the 10,000-ton cruiser Kirov to the 60,000-ton super battleship. Shipyards have no experience in building such a huge thing. Secondly, the "Soviet" class has been plagued by the shortage of raw materials during the construction process. According to the construction plan of 1939, 10000 tons of armored steel were required for the zhdanov Enola plant and Malipov steel plant in Leningrad, but only 1800 tons were actually delivered. The material shortage of 1940 is eager to improve, but at most, we can only hope to get half of the steel specified in the plan. Neither Einola Factory nor Malipov Factory is good at producing armor plates with a thickness of more than 230 mm.. The most powerful Kirov factory is busy with the кв and т-50 tank projects and has no time to pay attention to him. As a result, by 1940 and1February, Einola and Malipov factories could not guarantee the continuous supply of high-quality and thick armored steel. As a last resort, the designer had to replace all the high-strength carburized steels with a thickness of more than 200 mm with simple case-hardened steels. The power system also has insurmountable difficulties. According to the scheduled installation plan, the Soviet Union will copy six steam turbines at 1940, and then produce them at 194 1- 1942 12. In fact, until the outbreak of World War II, the 1 turbine was not built in the Kharkov factory. The first round of shore test of the boiler was originally intended to be carried out in September of 1938, but all the tests were completed at the beginning of 194 1 month. Due to the heavy burden on domestic enterprises, the Soviet Union had to order a large number of important parts including propellers from the Netherlands and Germany. The turret factory in nikolayev finally failed to assemble the 1 triple turret.

1940, a serious quality accident occurred on the USSR Belarus built by No.402 factory, and technicians found more than 70,000 unqualified rivets and bolts on its hull. Because there were no raw materials and no time to rework, the project "Soviet Belarus" stopped, and it was not officially dismounted until June 65438+1October 65438+September of that year, consuming 2648 tons of profiles. On the same day, Stalin had to cancel the construction plan of two follow-up ships. The first USSR and USSR Ukraine are expected to be launched in June 1943. The last "Soviet Russia" was that there was always a silver lining behind the dark clouds. Because "Soviet Belarus" accidentally dismounted, the 402 factory could concentrate on building her. At the same time, the imported steam turbine has also been transported to Arkhangelsk, and the ready-made power plant can be installed immediately after the hull is launched. Therefore, the expected launch schedule of "Soviet Belarus" is even advanced from 1944 to the third quarter of 1943. At the same time, the Soviet navy commander Kuznetsov did consider temporarily stopping the construction of the Soviet Union and Soviet Ukraine, completing the construction of the Soviet Russia first, and accumulating experience for the Soviet Union and Soviet Ukraine.

The pre-war project progress is as follows:

Date: USSR, USSR Ukraine, USSR Belarus and USSR Russia.

1939 65438+ 10/0.16%, 0.37%,-,-

1940 65438+ 10/0/5.96%, 4.0%,-,-

194 1 year 1 day 19.44%, 14.9 1%, 2.57% and 0.97%.