There are three scenic world cultural heritages in Henan: Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Yinxu in Anyang and Luoyang (1), nine national 5A tourist attractions: Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes, Yuntai Mountain, Shangheyuan in Qingming, Yinxu, Shennongshan, Baiyun Mountain, Yaoshan-Zhongyuan Giant Buddha Scenic Area and four world geoparks in Qingtianhe Scenic Area in Jiaozuo. Funiu Mountain has 10 national key scenic spots: Songshan Scenic Spot, Luoyang Longmen Scenic Spot, Jigongshan Scenic Spot, Wuwang-Yuntaishan Scenic Spot, Yaoshan Scenic Spot, Lv Lin Scenic Spot, Qingtianhe Scenic Spot, Shennongshan Scenic Spot, Tongbai Mountain-Huaiyuan Scenic Spot and Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Spot. Precious flowers: Luoyang. The following are some representative scenic spots: 1, the ancestor of Wanshan-Songshan, "Songshan (7 blocks) is the best in the world", and has been regarded as the "ancestor of Wanshan" since ancient times. The location of Songshan Mountain only depends on the word "Song", which means "Song" means "high" and "mountain". Songshan Mountain is at an altitude of1492m. Songshan area produced the earliest national civilization in China, and has long been the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China, leaving a large number of extremely precious ancient cultural sites. In 2009, there were eight "Songshan Ancient Architecture Complex" (1 1) which were the only declared world cultural heritage in China, and each item was eligible to declare the world cultural heritage separately. Songshan Mountain is a China history textbook written with stones and buildings, and it is also a rare geological museum in the world. Songshan, spanning five geological ages, namely Archean, Proterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, is a "five generations living under one roof" in the field of geology. It is said that both elephant fossils and walrus fossils can be seen on Songshan Mountain. This is Songshan World Geopark. 2. Mountain and Water Tourism Holy Land-Yuntai Mountain (10 photo) Yuntai Mountain is located in Xiuwu County, Jiaozuo, Henan Province. Yuntai Mountain is not only a world geological park, but also a national AAAAA-level scenic spot. Yuntai Mountain is covered with virgin forests, deep and quiet valleys and ponds, waterfalls and flowing springs, as well as picturesque peaks and rocks, forming a unique and perfect natural landscape of Yuntai Mountain. The summer platform and mausoleum of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, the remains of Sun Simiao, the drug king of Tang Dynasty, the Cornus peak written by Wang Wei, a great poet of Tang Dynasty, and the inscriptions and cultural relics of many famous writers have formed the rich and profound cultural connotation of Yuntai Mountain. 3. The Central Plains is unique-Yaoshan (Stone Man) Yaoshan (Stone Man) Scenic Area is located in the west of Lushan County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province and the east of Funiu Mountain. It was named after the Yao Temple built by Sun Yao and Liu Lei to worship their ancestors. 1980 has become a tourist attraction that people yearn for. 1997, a national nature reserve was established with the approval of the State Council. In 2002, it was declared as a national key scenic spot by the State Council. In 2003, it was approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national AAAA-level scenic spot. 20 1 1 was promoted to a national 5A-level scenic spot. Yaoshan has peculiar peaks, numerous waterfalls, dense forests, excellent hot springs and splendid cultural landscapes. It is divided into ten parts: Dongling altar, Shifei Yuzhang, Sanchakou, Bailongtan, Semi-Xianju, Stone Man, Jiguanshi, Bainiucheng, Secret Cave and Hot Spring. Experts say it has the risks of Huashan, the preciseness of Emei, the beauty of Zhangjiajie and the beauty of Huangshan. It is a good place for sightseeing, summer vacation, recuperation, scientific research and exploration. Yaoshan Scenic Area (13), the only scenic spot in the Central Plains, is a major feature of Yaoshan's natural scenery. Standing on the top of the Jade Emperor, the main peak, thousands of rocks and valleys, dragons and phoenixes flying, the distance is high and low, and the scenery is very different, which constitutes a beautiful picture. Mu Qing, former president of Xinhua News Agency, visited Yaoshan twice, intoxicated by its beauty, and left Mo Bao, the only city in the Central Plains. Wang Anshi once said: if people are close, there will be many tourists; If he is far away, he will be few. And the view that the world is magnificent and strange is often dangerous. Yaoshan is deep in the mountains and forests, with wild vines, and even if it is hidden deep, it is famous all over the world. But 36 scenic spots and 72 scenic spots are picturesque everywhere, and each place has touching historical stories and wonderful myths and legends. 4. The Taoist Holy Land and the birthplace of the story of Yishan in Gong Yu-Wuwang Wuwang Scenic Area is located in the west of Jiyuan City, Henan Province. It is the first of nine famous mountains and ten caves of Taoism in ancient China, and it is also the hometown of Gong Yu. The story of Gong Yu's pioneering mountain is famous for the quotation of Liezi and Mao Zedong in Yishan, Gong Yu. 5. Baiyun Mountain, the most beautiful place in China, is located in Songxian County, Luoyang City. In 2006, it was rated as "the most beautiful place in China" by chinese national geography magazine and many travel agencies. Baiyun Mountain is located in the virgin forest area in the hinterland of Funiu Mountain, with beautiful peaks, long white clouds, waterfalls and deep forests. The whole scenic spot integrates mountains, rocks, water, caves, forests, grass, flowers, birds and animals, and the male, the dangerous, the strange, the secluded, the beautiful and the strange complement each other, forming five tourist areas with their own characteristics: Bai Yunfeng, Yuhuangding, Xiaohuangshan, Jiulong Waterfall and Primitive Forest. 6. Witness to the decline of dinosaurs-Funiu Mountain Funiu Mountain World Geopark is located in the southwest of Henan Province, stretching for more than 800 miles from northwest to southeast. This ancient mountain witnessed the prosperity of dinosaurs and kept the secret of their decline. The south slope of Funiu Mountain contains a large number of dinosaur eggs, which are unparalleled in the world. China Xixia dinosaur ruins park and dinosaur egg chrysanthemum museum are good places to visit dinosaurs. Baotianman, which is listed in the "World Man and Nature Conservation Circle" by UNESCO, is located at the southern foot of the middle section of Funiu Mountain, 800 miles away. Here, ancient trees are towering, birds and animals are in groups, and the peaks are beautiful and lush. Longtangou Waterfall Group in Xixia is surrounded by water and rocks, with unique scenery. The majestic and magical Tongbai Mountain, with carved peaks and picturesque clear water, is the birthplace of the Huaihe River in Li Qian. Climb Taibai Peak, the main peak, and listen to the shallow singing of Baili Lin Tao. You can see the mountain scenery and enjoy the water color. 7. The cultivation of Kao Chrysanthemum in Kaifeng has a long history and has begun to take shape as early as the Tang Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng Chrysanthemum became more famous. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, chrysanthemum planting and chrysanthemum appreciation in Kaifeng were still popular. When Emperor Qianlong visited Yuwangtai in Kaifeng in the Qing Dynasty, he left a famous sentence "Maple leaves fall green, frost turns white", which is engraved on the "Qianlong Imperial Monument" preserved in Yuwangtai Park today. 8, the national color is fragrant-Luoyang Peony "Only peony is the national color, and the capital moves when it blooms." Peony is famous all over the world because of Luoyang, the Millennium imperial capital, and Luoyang is even more charming because of Luoyang Peony Atlas (20 pictures). Luoyang peony is elegant and magnificent, and is known as "national beauty and fragrance" and "king of flowers". Luoyang peony began in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, and was the best in the Northern Song Dynasty. Luoyang peony is not only charming in color, but also rich in peony culture. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there have been a large number of poems, songs, novels, stories, paintings and embroidery praising peony. (1) Important sites of ancient culture 1. Nanzhao ape-man: The ape-man fossil found in nanzhao county, Nanyang, Henan Province, proves that humans lived in Henan about 500,000 to 600,000 years ago. 2. Xuchang people: In 2007, ancient human fossils dating back about 65,438+10,000 years were discovered in Xuchang, Henan. Its discovery and cooperation with other sites provide certain evidence that China people did not originate in Africa. 3. Jiahu Site: Located in Wuyang, Henan Province, about 9000 years ago. The world's earliest musical instrument, the world's earliest wine, the world's earliest symbols engraved with similar words and other world's earliest achievements of civilization have been discovered here, which has caused a sensation in the world and is considered as "the first threshold for mankind to move from ignorance to civilization". 4. Peiligang Culture: It was named after its discovery in Peiligang Village, Xinzheng, Henan Province about 8,000 years ago, and it is one of the sources of Chinese civilization. 5. Taihao Mausoleum: About 7000 years ago, it is located in Huaiyang County, Zhoukou, Henan Province. It is the tomb of Fuxi, the No.1 in Huang San, ranking first among the Ming Tombs in China. It was founded in Shaolin Temple in Henan Province in the Spring and Autumn Period (19 pieces), expanded in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and perfected in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with 5 1 piece of imperial sacrifices. Huaiyang, called "Wanqiu" in ancient times, is the capital and resting place of Fuxi and the capital of Shennong. It is considered to be the birthplace of Chinese surname culture, farming culture and dragon totem, and a sacred place shared by both Chinese and Dongyi nationalities. 6. Yangshao Culture: It was named after its discovery in Yangshao Village in Sanmenxia about 5,000 to 7,000 years ago. 7. Huangdi's hometown: Xinzheng is recognized by domestic historians as the place where Xuanyuan Huangdi was born, started his business and built his capital. China people began to offer sacrifices to the Yellow Emperor, the ancestor of mankind, in Xuanyuanqiu, Xinzheng in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it has continued to this day. The "ancestor worship ceremony in the hometown of the Yellow Emperor" was widely recognized by Chinese all over the world and became the first ceremony in China. 8. Erlitou Culture: It was named after it was discovered in Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang about 4,000 years ago, and is considered as the capital of Xia Dynasty by academic circles. The earliest bronze ritual vessels in China were unearthed here. 9. Zhengzhou Mall: Located in the center of Zhengzhou today, it is an important capital in the early Shang Dynasty. This is one of the reasons why Zhengzhou became an ancient capital. 10, Yinxu, Anyang: The discovery of the world's largest bronze wares and Oracle Bone Inscriptions caused a sensation in the world, ranking first among human 10 archaeological discoveries in the 20th century, and Yinxu became a world cultural heritage without any dispute. Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively mature script with about 5,000 commonly used characters, which is the only one of the four oldest scripts in the world: 1 1. Shangqiu Ancient City: Shangqiu Ancient City is the only Bagua City in the world, a world heritage symbol, also known as Guide City. Shangqiu Ancient City was the seat of Guide House in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The ancient city consists of brick city, city lake and city wall. The trinity of city wall, city wall and city lake makes the outer ring of the ancient city inside a huge ancient coin shape. The building is very unique, which means that Shangqiu is the birthplace of commodities, commerce and commercial culture in China. 12, Baima Temple: Located in Luoyang, it was founded in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is the first official temple built after Buddhism was introduced into China, and it is a powerful witness of cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. 13, Longmen Grottoes: World Cultural Heritage, located in Luoyang, excavated after the Northern Wei Dynasty moved its capital to Luoyang. Rushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple, whose "Oriental Smile" combines divinity and humanity, masculinity and femininity, is of great artistic value. 14, Shaolin Temple: Located in Dengfeng, it is the birthplace of Zen and Shaolin Wushu. Longmen Grottoes 15, Zhongyue Temple: Located in Songshan, it is the largest Taoist architectural complex among the five mountains, with 5 14 ancient buildings. Zhongyue Temple was built in the Qin Dynasty. Later, emperors such as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Empress Wu Zetian and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty expanded it after imitating the Forbidden City. The existing Zhongyue Temple was built by Emperor Qianlong in imitation of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Because it resembles the Forbidden City, it is called "the Forbidden City in the deep mountains". Wuyue Mountain is sealed by Taoism, and Zhongyue Temple is the largest Taoist building in Wuyue Mountain, so Zhongyue Temple is considered as a symbol of Songshan's status. 16, Yingtian Academy: Located in Suiyang District, Shangqiu, it is the first of the four academies in the Song Dynasty, and it was called Yingtianfu in the Northern Song Dynasty. 17, Songyang Academy: Located in Songshan, Dengfeng, it is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. 18, Dengfeng Stargazing Observatory: Located in Dengfeng, it was built in the Yuan Dynasty and has a history of about 800 years. It is one of the earliest observatories in the world and the most important astronomical site in ancient China. Guo Shoujing, a great astronomer at Yuanjiashan Lunar Observatory, has made astronomical achievements 30 1 year ahead of the West, and the "chronograph calendar" thus formulated has been used by China, North Korea and Japan for more than 360 years. Hongqi Canal 19: Located in Linzhou City, Henan Province, it is a world-famous "artificial Tianhe" and "the eighth wonder of the world". 20. Jigongshan: Known as a "summer resort, green spots and Chu Yu" [1], it is one of the four summer resorts in China. With a total area of 287 square kilometers, the scenic spot is divided into six high-quality scenic spots: Beishan, Donggou, Summer Resort, Baoxing, Bomb Shelter and Dashenggou. (2) 1, Sui, Shennong, Fu and other dynasties whose capital was Henan were called "Huang San": Sui made Shangqiu its capital, which opened Chinese human civilization; Shennong is another ancient emperor who built his capital in Shangqiu. History: "Yandi Shennong is in Shangqiu" (textual research of ancient history); Fu: The capital is in Huaiyang and Zhoukou. 2. Xuanyuan and Gao Xin: Xuanyuan is the Yellow Emperor, ranking first among the five emperors. He was born, started a business and built his capital in Xinzheng. Gao Xin's family, Di Ku, was born in Shangqiu with its capital in Shangqiu. 3. Xia Dynasty: Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in China. In the summer, the capital was moved to Erlitou, Yanshi, Luoyang, Yangcheng (now Dengfeng and Zhengzhou, also near Luoyang) and (now Ningling and Shangqiu). 4. Shang Dynasty: Shang Dynasty moved its capital many times, with Shangqiu as the first capital, and the other four: Yinxu in Anyang, Yanshi Mall in Luoyang, Zhengzhou Mall and Chao Ge (in Qixian County, Hebi, Henan). 5. Western Zhou Dynasty: There were two countries in the Western Zhou Dynasty, one was Haojing (in modern Shaanxi) and the other was Luoyang. 6. Eastern Zhou Dynasty: Luoyi (now Luoyang), the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, lasted for hundreds of years. 7. Western Han Dynasty: The main capital of the Western Han Dynasty was Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), but Luoyang was also the capital in the early days. 8. Eastern Han Dynasty: Luoyang was its capital. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo held Xian Di hostage in Chang 'an for several years. 9. Cao Wei: Cao Wei made Xuchang its capital in the early days, and later Cao Pi made Luoyang its capital. 10, Western Jin Dynasty: Luoyang was its capital. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the emperor was taken to Chang 'an and kept there for several years. 1 1, Northern Wei Dynasty: Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi) was the capital in the early Northern Wei Dynasty, and Emperor Xiaowen of the Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang. 12, Sui: Wendi made Chang 'an his capital and moved to Luoyang. 13, Tang: Chang 'an is the capital of Tang and Luoyang is the eastern capital. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Zhu Wen took the emperor of the Tang Dynasty to Luoyang, the capital. 14, Wu Zhou: Wu Zetian usurped the throne of Li Tang, established Wu Zhou, made Luoyang its capital, and called Luoyang the capital of gods. 15. Back beam: The back beam has its capital in Kaifeng and then moved to Luoyang. 16, Late Tang Dynasty: Luoyang was its capital. 17, Houjin: Houjin set its capital in Kaifeng and temporarily moved its capital to Luoyang. 18, Houhan: Kaifeng is the capital of Houhan. 19, Houzhou: Kaifeng is the capital of Houzhou. 20. Northern Song Dynasty: Kaifeng, the capital of Northern Song Dynasty. 2 1, Southern Song Dynasty: Shangqiu was the capital in the early Southern Song Dynasty and later moved to Hangzhou. 22. Jin: Jin Zeng moved the capital to Zhongdu (Beijing) and then moved the capital to Nanjing (Kaifeng). 23. Chu: The capital of Chu is located in Xichuan, Gudanyang (Henan), and then moved to Chenying (Huaiyang, Henan). (3) The names of Henan and China Henan are not only "Central Plains" and "Zhongzhou", but also "China" and "Middle Earth" in history. Today's "China" is the abbreviation of People's Republic of China (PRC) (PRC), and the earliest "China" in history refers to the Henan area with Luoyang as the center. More than 3,000 years ago, Duke Zhou measured the sun shadow in Yangcheng (now near Luoyang, Dengfeng, Henan) (now the site of Zhougong Observatory in Songshan, Dengfeng), and found that there was no sun shadow in the surrounding scenery at noon from summer solstice, thinking it was the center of the earth, so the Zhou Dynasty called China, and Luoyi was built nearby. Therefore, Luoyang was regarded as "the best in the world" by scholars in previous dynasties. There was a word "China" in The Book of Songs: "China is also the capital", and the capital at that time was Luoyi (now Luoyang), the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.