The development of history

Beihai is named because the north of the city is close to the sea. It was first seen in the early years of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, and it began to be called the city from Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty. 1876 Sino-British Yantai Treaty establishes a trading port. 1949 was liberated on February 4th. At that time, it was a town under the jurisdiction of Hepu County. 10, 19565438 was changed to the municipality of Guangdong province. In May of the same year, it was entrusted to the leaders of Guangxi Province. 1952 was officially assigned to Guangxi in March, 1955. 1959 was changed to a county-level town, 1964 was restored to a county-level city, and1965 was transferred to Guangxi in June. 1982 was approved by the State Council and became an open city for tourism. 1983 10 was restored as a prefecture-level city. 1April, 1984, was identified by the State Council as one of the fourteen coastal cities for further opening to the outside world. 1. 0987 June Hepu County was placed under the jurisdiction of Beihai City.

Environmental resources

Land: The total cultivated land area is 78,643 hectares, and the per capita of farmers is 1. 1.6 mu, of which paddy field is 5 1.9 1 hectare, accounting for 66% of the cultivated land area and dry land is 26,732 hectares.

Topography: The terrain inclines from north to south, with hills in the northeast and northwest, and terraces and plains in the south coast. Urban coastal plain land accounts for more than 70% of the total area, and the soil quality is composed of sandy clay and gravel, with stable stratum structure and strong bearing capacity, generally18 ~ 25t /m2. Marine beaches account for about 20% of the total land area of the city, and the bearing capacity of this kind of land is low, between 12 ~ 16 tons/square meter. Average elevation10 ~15m. The highest peak is 554m (Wudianmei), and the highest point in the urban area is120m (Guantouling).

Climate: subtropical maritime monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 22.9℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 37.65438 0℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is 2℃. Average annual rainfall1670mm, average annual sunshine hours of 2009 hours, and average annual total solar radiation11kcal/cm2. The main meteorological disaster is typhoon, which occurs 6 times every 10, and the magnitude is above 10.

Oil and natural gas: Beibu Gulf is one of the six major oil and gas basins in China, with proven oil reserves of 22.56 million tons and natural gas reserves of 35 billion cubic meters.

Mineral resources: quartz sand mine, with proven reserves of 30 million tons, containing more than 98% silicon dioxide; Gypsum mine, with proven reserves of 276,543.8 million tons, containing 70.97% calcium sulfate (average); Clay, with proven reserves of 65.438+0.89 billion tons, grade: 24-32% of alumina and 52.5-64.8% of silica; Ilmenite, with proven reserves of 6.5438+260 million tons, contains 52-60% titanium dioxide.

Marine resources: The coastline starts from Yingluo Bay, Lianjiang County, Guangdong Province in the east and reaches Dafeng River Port in Qinzhou City in the west, with a total length of 500 kilometers (including coastline of 3 1.9 kilometers) and a tidal flat of 730,000 mu. The fishing ground in Beibu Gulf has a total area of 1 0.6 million square kilometers, more than 500 species of marine fish and shrimp1species, with a sustainable resource of 700,000 tons and an optimum catch of 330,000-350,000 tons/year. 726,770 mu of tidal flat (intertidal zone). Shallow sea (0 ~ 10 meter water depth) covers an area of 2,263,400 mu. Aquaculture area is 2 1 10,000 mu (including 87,300 mu of water surface). The average concentration of seawater is 3 Baume, and the bromine content is 55 ~ 60 ppm.

Freshwater resources: The total water resources is 34.97 billion cubic meters. The total storage capacity of the reservoir is 2 1.5 1 100 million cubic meters (the effective storage capacity is177 million cubic meters). There are 93 rivers, with a total length of 558 kilometers, a total basin area of 2,324 square kilometers, and the total annual runoff of rivers is 9187 million cubic meters (654,380+82 million cubic meters in the domestic part). The total amount of fresh water resources is 1 188 billion cubic meters, and the available amount is 395,438+0.7 billion cubic meters. Urban groundwater reserves are 2 billion cubic meters. The water production per square kilometer is 902,000 cubic meters, and the per capita water consumption is 3,300 cubic meters, which is 1.3 times of the national per capita water consumption.

Port resources: Beihai is the earliest foreign trade port in China and one of the starting points of the Maritime Silk Road. Historically, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other provinces are one of the main commodity distribution centers for overseas trade, and its geographical location is very important.

Beihai Port includes Beihai Old Port Area, Shibuling Port Area, tieshangang district and Dafeng River Port Area. Beihai Port is rich in port resources and can build a large number of different types of port berths. The recent constructions are mainly Shibuling Port Area and tieshangang district.

Beihai old port area: the coastline is long 1000 meters, and it is planned to be a small and medium-sized passenger and cargo terminal. At present, there are 7 berths with the maximum reliable berthing capacity of 1 1,000 tons, including a 1 1,000-ton ro-ro wharf.

Shibuling New Port Area: The coastline is 4,000m long, and there are 2 berths of 65,438 dwt, and 65,438+0 berths of 20,000 dwt and 35,000 dwt. Shibuling New Port Area plans to build three wharves and four harbor basins, and make full use of the port coastline to build 250,000-ton berths (including passenger berths 1). Specifically, there are 9 one-port pools, 7 two-port pools, 6 three-port pools and 3 four-port pools.

Tieshangang district: tieshangang district is building two 10,000-ton berths. The coastline of the port area is long and the conditions for port construction are good. Passing through the bay from the bay mouth along the car trough, the natural water depth over 5m is 217000m, of which 9000m is natural water depth10m. Long-term planning can build a large number of deep-water ports. The west channel of the port directly leads to the natural deep ditch outside the bay, and the natural water depth of this section is 6000m above10m, of which the water depth above15m is 2800m.

The deep trough from Zhuoluokou to Yin Di at the mouth of the West Coast Bay is 6000m long, which can be used to build professional wharves of 10 to 200,000 tons, such as large berths for coal, crude oil and steel. The length of industrial coastline is 18600 meters, and 60 to 85 deep-water berths can be built. From the bottom of the slope to about 7000 meters south of Shibubu, 25 to 35 large and medium-sized commercial berths can be built.

Four Fengjiang port areas: It is suitable to build a number of berths below 5,000 tons, and there is no plan in the near future.

Tourism resources: Beihai is a romantic city with beautiful scenery and pleasant climate. Beihai is located in the subtropical zone, with abundant sunshine, rainfall and abundant vegetation. Flowers bloom all year round, and fruits are fragrant all year round. The natural environment is well protected, and there are many excellent natural beaches along the coast of the mainland and islands. The sea water is warm and clear, the waves are soft as a blanket, and the self-purification ability is strong. Water quality is a national first-class standard. The fresh air in Beihai is the best in China, and it is in a leading position among cities in China. It is one of the livable cities in China, namely Zhuhai, Beihai, Weihai and Xiamen.

Beihai is located in the subtropical zone, with warm and humid climate and fresh air. The content of negative oxygen ions in the air per cubic centimeter is as high as 2500 ~ 5000, which is 50- 100 times higher than that in inland cities. It can be called free oxygen. The seashore belt, represented by the famous Silver Beach, has beautiful scenery and all the elements "sea water, sunshine and beach" for developing coastal tourism. There are four main categories: coastal, scenic, humanities and historic sites.