Taocha, the head of the first canal in China, is hard to find on a million-scale map of China, let alone a map of the world.
However, this small place, which is unknown to most mountain people in Xichuan, has become famous almost overnight since it became the head of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer. When CCTV's "Weather Forecast" program forecasts the noon weather in the capital of Henan Province, it uses peach tea.
Taocha headwork is contracted by the Taocha headwork project department established by the Fifth Branch of the 11th Bureau of Hydropower in China, with a construction period of 20 10 -20 13.
The main canal of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project is located in Taocha Village (now renamed Danyang Village), Jiuzhen Town, Xichuan County, Nanyang City, Henan Province. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is by far the largest water conservancy project planned by human beings. It is divided into three water transfer lines: east, middle and west. Through these three water transfer lines, the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Huaihe River and the Haihe River are connected, forming a water conservancy pattern of "three verticals and four horizontals", and realizing the goal of north-south allocation of water resources and mutual assistance between east and west in China. The Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project with a total investment of over 654.38 billion yuan spans Hubei, Henan and Hebei provinces and runs through Beijing and Tianjin. The construction projects include the water source project in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, the main water conveyance canal project, the Yellow River crossing project, the storage project and the compensation project. The main diversion canal is located in Danyang Village, the ninth town of our county, from which water is diverted to Tuancheng Lake in Beijing (the head water level of the canal is 147.2m, and the water level of Tuancheng Lake is 49.5m, with a drop of nearly 100m). At that time, the gate at the head of the canal will move down 80 meters, the gate top will be raised to 176.6 meters, and the water level will also be raised to 170 meters. The first section of the main canal is designed with a bottom width of 50m and a water depth of 47m. From south to north, the main canal gradually narrows and shallows, reaching Tuancheng Lake in Beijing, with a bottom width of only 7 meters and a water depth of 3.5 meters. The design flow of the canal head sluice section is 350 cubic meters per second, and the flow is increased by 420 cubic meters per second; The flow of the Yellow River crossing section is 265 cubic meters per second, increasing the flow by 320 cubic meters per second; The flow to Tuancheng Lake is 70 cubic meters per second. The total length of the main canal is 1267 km, and the project plans to realize water transfer by the end of 20 14, with an average annual water transfer of 9.5 billion cubic meters. It can solve the problems of domestic water, industrial water and farmland irrigation in more than 20 large and medium-sized cities along Henan, Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin provinces.
President Mao Zedong was the earliest initiator of the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Transfer. 1953, Chairman Mao inspected the Yangtze River and said to Comrade Lin Yishan, a water conservancy expert, "There is more water in the south and less water in the north. If possible, it is ok to borrow some. " Chairman Mao's remarks are simply a "South-to-North Water Diversion Project". Lin Yishan thinks it is possible, and puts forward that transferring water from Danjiang is the most possible and ideal water transfer route. 1969 1 month, Nanyang area took the South-to-North Water Diversion Project as the blueprint, and used more than 654.38+ten thousand people from seven counties to launch the Taocha Great War. It took six years to complete the water diversion project in Dan. The project mainly includes five parts: diversion canal, head sluice, main water conveyance canal, Xiawa hub and Qingquangou pumping station. Danjiang River flows through the diversion canal, headwater and main canal, along the edge of Yushan Mountain, all the way to Dengxian, Xinye, Tanghe and other counties and cities, providing sufficient water for these counties and cities. (The total length of the approach canal is 4.4km, the canal depth is12-47m, the opening width is150-500m, and the width of the canal bottom is 30-35m. When the water level in the reservoir area is148.3m, the storage capacity is 500m3/s ... The total width of the sluice at the head of the canal is 38m, and it is a five-hole culvert, each hole is 6m wide and 6.7m high. Floor height140m, dam crest height162m. When the sluice at the head of the canal was opened, the Danjiang River gushed out like five dragons. The whole project is magnificent, exquisitely designed and breathtaking. To the east of the gate is the main canal. The total length is 8.9 kilometers, the opening width is100-300m, the trough bottom width is 2-8m, and the water passing capacity is120m3 per second. ) The whole water diversion Dan project is of great scale and boldness of vision. In the past six years, 67 million cubic meters of earth and stone were excavated and more than 700 tons of broken steel wire rope were used. It is estimated that the excavated earth and stone can be piled into a wall with a width of 1 m and a height of 1 m, which can circle the earth along the equator. Such a huge project is catching up with the Cultural Revolution. At that time, the social and political environment in China was very special, and its arduousness and danger could be imagined. According to the engineering records, more than 2,880 people were injured and disabled during the construction, and 140 people were buried under the levee at the head of the canal. The blood and sweat of the people at the head of the canal did not flow in vain. They wrote touching music with the blood and even life of youth. Today, the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion has started, and an everlasting drama is being staged!