Yuan Ming Qing dynasty
In the eighteenth year of Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (128 1), Wuchang became the provincial capital of Huguang province, and Wuhan became the provincial administrative unit for the first time. Yu Que, a poet in Yuan Dynasty, once called Wuchang and Hanyang "Twin Cities" in his poems. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Xu Shouhui, the leader of the Red Scarf Army, moved the political capital to Hanyang.
When Zhu Yuanzhang conquered Wuchang, his sixth son, Zhu Zhen, was born. Later, Zhu Zhen was enfeoffed as King Chu of Wuchang by Ming Taizu, which made Longquan Mountain form an ancient architectural complex with "three turtles, nine bedrooms and twelve scenes". In the tenth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1474), the Hanjiang River diverted from the northern foot of Guishan to the river, and Hankou developed independently from Hanyang. During Jiajing period, Hankou Town was formed on the north bank of Hanshui New Waterway, and businessmen from all over the world came to operate it. At that time, Hankou became the national land and water transportation hub and the largest inland port in China. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Hankou, Zhuxian Town, Jingdezhen and Foshan Town were called the "four famous towns" in the world, so it was said that "goods arrived in Hankou to live". Hankou, Beijing, Jiangsu and Foshan were also called "four places in the world", and the beautiful scenery of "ten miles sail according to the city and ten thousand lamps stay up all night" (Wu Qishi) enjoyed the "first prosperous place in Chu" for eight years (/?
Late Qing dynasty
1852, the Taiping Army occupied Hanyang and Hankou successively. The following year, Wuchang City was captured, which was the first provincial capital captured by Taiping Army.
1858, the Tianjin Treaty added 1 1 trading ports, including Hankou. 186 1 March, Hankou officially opened. On the downstream coast of Laohankou Town, British, German, Russian, French and Japanese concessions were opened one after another, and Hankou was transformed from a traditional commercial town to a modern metropolis. It has become one of the three earliest trading ports along the Yangtze River (Zhenjiang, Jiujiang and Hankou). Hankou's foreign trade can almost keep pace with Shanghai.
/kloc-in 0/864, in order to prevent the Nian army from going south, Hankou Castle was built, starting from the bridge mouth and going down to Yiyuan Road, which is called the back city.
From 65438 to 0889, Zhang Zhidong was the governor of Huguang. During his administration, he vigorously promoted the Westernization Movement, especially the construction of Hanyang Iron Works and Hubei Artillery Works, which stimulated the rise of modern industry in Wuhan and the development of urban commodity economy. During his stay in Hubei, Zhang Zhidong presided over the construction of the Luhan Railway, initiated education and founded new schools such as Hubei Academy.
Republic of China period
19110 June10, Wuchang Uprising broke out in Wuchang, which started the first battle of the Xinhai Revolution. 10 year 10 month 1 1 day, the insurgents announced the establishment of a military government in Hubei, leaving the Qing Dynasty and becoming the Republic of China. At this time, Wuhan became the revolutionary center of China. 10 June 18, Revolution
The summer war broke out between the army and the Qing army in Hankou and Hanyang. 165438+1On October 30th, the Qing army was defeated and the Hankou market was burned for four days.
19 12, Jiangxia county was changed to Wuchang county, Hanyang county was abandoned, and Xiakou hall was changed to Xiakou county. Taking Wuchang as the capital of Hubei Province, Sun Yat-sen came to Han in the same year, and gave the evaluation of "Wuhan is a call, the world responds" and "Wuhan is really the first to succeed when the Republic of China started".
19 18 years, American harp magazine published will Walter's article "Chicago, China". The article praised: "Hankou's position in the national commodity market can be comparable to Chicago's position in the United States."
1922, Jiang 'an Railway Station was the headquarters of the Beijing-Han Railway strike. On February 7, the February 27 strike was brutally suppressed, and the national workers' movement turned into a low tide.
1926 5438+00 In June, the Northern Expeditionary Army captured three towns in Wuhan, and designated Wuchang County as Wuchang City. As the capital of Hubei Province, it changed Xiakou County into Hankou Special City, which was directly under the National Government and under Hanyang County.
1927 On New Year's Day, the National Government moved its capital from Guangzhou to Wuhan. On October 5th, 65438/KLOC-0, hundreds of thousands of people attacked the British Concession in Hankou. On February 9, 65438, the National Government officially recovered the concession. /kloc-In April of 0/8, the Wuhan Municipal Government was established, Wuchang City and Hankou Special City (including Hanyang County) were merged into' Jingzhao District' as the capital, and Wuhan Special City was established. Therefore, the history of Wuhan's establishment is only over 80 years. After the counter-revolutionary coup in April 12, the fifth national congress of China * * * Production Party was held in Wuhan. /kloc-in July of 0/5, Wang Jingwei launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Wuhan on July 15. On August 7th, the 87th meeting of China * * * Producer Party was held in Hankou, and it was decided that China * * * Producer Party would take the form of armed riots against the reactionary Kuomintang rule in the future.
193 1 in summer, a serious flood occurred in Wuhan in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
After the city was flooded for a hundred days, 36 19 people died in the city alone.
From June 1938 to June 10, China and Japan invested millions of troops in the Wuhan Battle, which lasted for several months. 10 year1October 25th, Wuhan fell.
1949 May 15, Bai Chongxi, head of the Kuomintang Central China Military and Political Chief's Office, fled Wuhan by plane. 16, the Fourth Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army entered Hankou City, Wuchang City and Hanyang County the next day, and the three towns of Wuhan were liberated. On the 22nd, China established the Wuhan Military Control Committee. On 24th, the Wuhan Municipal People's Government was established, and the next day, the Wuhan Municipal Committee was established, temporarily directly under the central government, becoming the first municipality directly under the central government in the history of People's Republic of China (PRC).
People's Republic of China (PRC) period
1954 June19, the 32nd meeting of the Central People's Government Committee decided to change Wuhan from a municipality directly under the central government to the capital of Hubei Province. On June 25, the warning water level of 26.30 meters at Wuhan Mountain Pass was broken by the flood. On August 18, the water level in Wuhan Pass rose to 29.73 meters, the highest in history since hydrological records were recorded.
On September 25th, 1955, the main bridge of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was fully constructed. 1957 65438+1October 15. Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is opened to traffic, and the Beijing-Han Railway is connected with the Guangdong-Han Railway, and the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway runs through it.
1958 September 13, Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company was completed and put into operation.
1975, Wuchang County (now Jiangxia District) was assigned to Wuhan City.
1983, Huangpi County and Xinzhou County were placed under Wuhan City.
1984 On May 2 1, the State Council approved Wuhan as a pilot city for comprehensive economic system reform and a city with separate plans.
1986, the State Council announced Wuhan as a national historical and cultural city.
199265438+1October 18, the first stop of Deng Xiaoping's "southern tour speech" was Wuchang. In the same year, Wuhan was approved as an open city.
1998 In the summer, a serious flood occurred in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. After several months of emergency protection by soldiers and civilians in the province, Wuhan turned the corner.
On July 28th, 2004, the first phase of Wuhan Rail Transit 1 Line was put into trial operation, which was the first full-elevated rapid rail transit line in Wuhan and the first rail transit line in the central and western regions. Wuhan became the fifth city in China to have a subway.
On June 7th, 2007, 65438+February 7th, 2007, the State Council approved Wuhan Metropolitan Area as the national comprehensive reform pilot area for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.
On February 24th, 2008, General Administration of Customs, Ministry of Finance, State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China and State Administration of Foreign Exchange officially approved the establishment of Wuhan Dongxihu Bonded Logistics Center, which is the fourth bonded logistics center established in China after Suzhou Gaoxin, Nanjing Longtan and Beijing Airport.
On February 28th, 2008, 65438+, Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel (Highway) was officially opened to traffic.
On February 24th, 2009, the State Council approved Wuhan Donghu High-tech Zone as the second national independent innovation demonstration zone.
On March 8, 20 10, the State Council approved the overall urban planning of Wuhan, and determined that Wuhan was the central city in the central region.
On March 2010/9, the State Council officially designated Wuhan Xingang as the shipping center in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
20 10 On June 30th, the State Council General Office listed Wuhan as the first batch of pilot cities for triple play.
On 20th11March16th, Wuhan was listed as a pilot project of national smart city construction by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
20 1 1 On August 29th, the State Council approved the establishment of Wuhan East Lake Comprehensive Bonded Zone.
20 1 1 On September 5, 2008, Wuhan was rated as the first phalanx in China by the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and was named "National Ship Export Base".