The invention of rolling bearing has a long history. According to the archaeological relics discovered in Yongji County, Shanxi Province, China, there were bronze rolling bearings as early as 2265438 BC+0 ~ 207 BC (Qin Dynasty). According to the archaeological relics found in Niemi Lake, Italy, there were also bronze rolling bearings from A.D. 12 to 4 10. The birth of modern bearing industry was marked by 1883 when Germany invented the world's first ball mill and entered the era of industrial production of steel balls. During the second industrial revolution, rolling bearings developed vigorously with bicycles, automobiles and other industries. It has gradually become a highly professional industrial industry in the world and has a very important position and role in modern industry.
The importance of rolling bearings is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) In the national economy, rolling bearings are called "industrial joints". Bearing industry is the foundation and pillar industry of machinery industry, and its development level often represents or restricts the development level of a country's machinery industry and other related industries. In Japan, people often refer to bearings as food for industry. Bearing industry is called "the core industry of machinery industry" and "the basic industry for improving national life", which is protected and supported by the revitalization policy of the Japanese government and is one of the 14 "specific machinery industries". In China, rolling bearing is one of the 1 1 special revitalization mechanical products determined by the state, and 33 bearing enterprises are listed as special revitalization industries. Among the 520 key enterprises newly determined by the state, the bearing industry has accounted for 6. At present, the catalogue of industries, products and technologies encouraged by the state includes the manufacture of automobile bearings, railway rolling stock, precision bearings and high-speed bearings.
(2) In national defense-rolling bearing is an indispensable armament material. Without bearings, missiles can't take off, planes can't go to the sky, warships can't go to sea, tanks can't attack ... bearings are important or core components in many military equipment; In the war, the bearing factory is one of the key targets of the enemy; During the Cold War, special bearing equipment was once one of the embargoed materials that western countries imposed economic blockade on socialist countries. Up to now, many bearing products and technologies are still included in the technical blockade by many military powers.
(3) As far as technical status is concerned, bearing steel is the most demanding and strict steel among all kinds of alloy steels. As we all know, the smelting level of bearing steel is a symbol of a country's metallurgical technology level. In China, stainless steel, high-speed steel, gear steel, valve steel, spring steel and many other special steels. Bearing steel is one of the few steels that need to be issued with production license so far. Rolling bearing is also an important application field of many new materials such as engineering ceramics and engineering plastics.
Rolling bearing industry is one of the earliest industrial fields to carry out standardization activities and adopt reliability technology. As early as 1949, the classical theory of fatigue life and reliability of rolling bearings was established, and it was included in the international standard ISO 28 1: 1963.
Development of Bearing Industry in China
With the implementation of China's reform and opening-up policy, a large number of bearing products with advanced foreign technology have entered China one after another. Due to the political influence in the early days of the founding of New China, the spread of foreign civil bearing technology and product sales were once blocked. However, due to the huge consumer market and the rise of national industries in China, most well-known foreign bearing brands have set up subsidiaries and even production plants in China. Although the domestic bearing industry has made remarkable progress and promotion, there is still a big gap in the promotion of technical quality and after-sales maintenance concept. Generally speaking, compared with foreign bearings, the commercial output value is inherently weak, and the popularity of high-end bearings in domestic industries needs to be expanded and developed.
Due to the special period of domestic development in China, the sales of bearing products under the market economy system are particularly chaotic. China has a large number of large and small dealers engaged in various imported and domestic bearings. Due to the large market demand, all walks of life are inseparable from bearings, which has created a unique phenomenon of bearing products in China. According to the needs of different enterprises (except military industry), in China, the market price ranges from imported high-quality bearing products to ordinary domestic bearings.
Relevant national standards
GB/T 28268-20 12 technical requirements for stamping cages for rolling bearings
GB/T 27556-20 1 1 Dimensions and tolerances of radial bearing locating grooves for rolling bearings
Gb/t 273. 1-201General outline of rolling bearings Part1:Tapered roller bearings.
GB/T 20060-20 1 1 Rolling bearings-Dimensions of detachable taper rings for cylindrical roller bearings
GB/T 27558-20 1 1 classification of linear motion rolling bearings.
GB/T 27557-20 1 1 coding method for linear motion rolling bearings.
GB/T 27560-20 1 1 Technical requirements for ball bearing casting seats with outer spherical surfaces for rolling bearings
GB/T 27554-20 1 1 code method for spherical ball bearings with seats.
GB/T 27555-20 1 1 technical requirements for spherical ball bearings with seats.
GB/T 27559-20 1 1 cylindrical roller bearings for spindle of rolling bearing machine tools.
GB/T 639 1-20 10 rated dynamic load and rated life of rolling bearings.
GB/T 25766-20 10 radial clearance of outer spherical ball bearing of rolling bearing
Rolling bearings. Ball bearings for automobile gearboxes.
Rolling bearings. Rolling bearings for automobile gearboxes
GB/T 25767-20 10 tapered rollers for rolling bearings
GB/T 25769-20 10 Measuring Method of Radial Clearance of Rolling Bearings
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions of needle roller and thrust ball combined bearings
GB/T 25768-20 10 rolling bearing needle roller and bidirectional thrust cylindrical roller combined bearing
GB/T 2576 1-20 10 overall dimensions of combined bearing with needle roller and angular contact ball for rolling bearing.
Rolling bearing -20 10 railway passenger car bearing
GB/T 2577 1-20 10 rolling bearings railway locomotive bearings
Rolling bearing -20 10 railway freight car bearing
Rolling bearing balls-part 2: ceramic balls.
Rolling bearings. Needle roller bearings for automobile gearboxes.
Rolling bearings. Needle roller and cage assemblies for motorcycle connecting rod brackets.
GB/T 255 10-20 10 Reference Dictionary of Rolling Bearings for Mechanical Systems and General Parts
Rolling bearings-kloc-0/0-1995 dimensions of spherical ball bearings with seats
Rolling bearings-Outer spherical ball bearing seats-Dimensions
GB/T 246 10.4-2009 vibration measurement methods for rolling bearings part 4: cylindrical roller bearings with cylindrical holes and cylindrical outer surfaces.
GB/T 246 1 1-2009 Terms, characteristics and causes of damage and failure of rolling bearings.
GB/T 246 10.3-2009 vibration measurement methods for rolling bearings part 3: self-aligning roller bearings and tapered roller bearings with cylindrical holes and cylindrical outer surfaces.
GB/T 246 10.2-2009 vibration measurement methods for rolling bearings-part 2: radial ball bearings with cylindrical holes and cylindrical outer surfaces.
GB/T 246 10. 1-2009 rolling bearing vibration measurement method part 1: basis.
Calculation method and coefficient of rated thermal speed of rolling bearing
GB/T 24608-2009 inspection rules for rolling bearings and their commercial parts
GB/T 24607-2009 Life and reliability test and evaluation of rolling bearings
GB/T 24606-2009 nondestructive testing of rolling bearings-magnetic particle testing
GB/T 24605-2009 Marking of Rolling Bearing Products
GB/T 24604-2009 Thrust angular contact ball bearing for screw rod of rolling bearing machine tool
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions and tolerances of needle roller bearings without inner ring and stamped outer ring
Overall dimensions of miniature radial ball bearing with rolling bearing flange outer ring
Rolling bearings-linear motion rolling bearings-part 2: rated static load.
GB/T 27 1-2008 Classification of Rolling Bearings
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions of double row tapered roller bearings
GB/T 2 1559. 1-2008 linear motion rolling bearings part 1: rated dynamic load and rated life.
GB/T 78 13-2008 overall dimensions of vertical bearing housing for rolling bearings
Rolling bearings-Outline dimensions of four-row tapered roller bearings
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions of thrust self-aligning roller bearings
Rolling bearings. Overall dimensions of angular contact ball bearings
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions of cylindrical roller bearings
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions and tolerances of needle roller bearings
GB/T 78 1 1-2007 symbol of rolling bearing parameters.
GB/T 9 160. 1-2006 rolling bearing accessories-part 1: tapered bushings.
Rolling bearings-Overall dimensions of thrust cylindrical roller bearings
GB/T 580 1-2006 Rolling bearing size series 48, 49 and 69 Needle bearing outline dimensions and tolerances
Rolling bearings-Dimensions and tolerances of centripetal needle roller and cage assemblies
Rolling bearings. Chamfering dimensions of non-thrust end of outer ring of single row angular contact ball bearings.
GB/T 273.2-2006 General Drawing of Overall Dimensions of Rolling Bearing and Thrust Bearing
GB/T 4604-2006 Radial clearance of rolling bearings
Rolling bearing accessories-Part 2: Locknuts and locking devices
Rolling bearings-Chamfering dimensions of flat retaining rings and single row cylindrical roller bearing rings
Rolling bearings; spherical ball bearings and eccentric sleeves; overall dimensions.
GB/T 307.3-2005 general technical rules for rolling bearings
Principles and methods of measurement and inspection of rolling bearings
GB/T 307. 1-2005 tolerance of radial bearings for rolling bearings
Overall dimensions of thrust ball bearings for rolling bearings
Rolling bearings-Dimensions of tapered roller bearings
Rolling bearings-Dimensions of double row angular contact ball bearings
Rolling bearings-outline dimensions of three-point and four-point contact ball bearings
Rolling bearings-External dimensions of self-aligning roller bearings
Rolling bearings-Dimensions of double-row cylindrical roller bearings
GB/T 28 1- 1994 external dimensions of self-aligning ball bearings for rolling bearings
Rolling bearings-Dimensions of deep groove ball bearings
Matching of Rolling Bearing with Shaft and Shell
GB/T 272- 1993 coding method for rolling bearings
GB/T 16643- 1996 overall dimensions of needle roller and thrust cylindrical roller combined bearings for rolling bearings
Rolling bearings-thrust needle roller and cage assemblies and thrust washers
Precision bearings for rolling bearing instruments
GB/T 4 199-2003 definition of rolling bearing tolerance
GB/T 4662-2003 rated static load of rolling bearings
Anti-rust packaging of rolling bearings
Installation dimensions of rolling bearings
Rolling bearing steel ball
Rolling bearings-tolerances for thrust bearings
GB/T 466 1-2002 cylindrical roller for rolling bearings
Rolling bearing vocabulary
Rolling bearing flange outer ring radial ball bearing flange dimensions
Rolling bearing needle roller
Maximum chamfer dimension of rolling bearing
GB/T 273.3- 1999 general drawing of radial bearings for rolling bearings
Dimensions and tolerances of retaining grooves and retaining rings for outer rings of rolling bearings
Rolling bearings. Overall dimensions of needle bearings with stamped outer rings.
Mechanical drawings-Representation of rolling bearings