China is a big agricultural country with a vast territory, rich products and a large population. In order to improve production efficiency and reduce manual labor, a large number of excellent farm tools or farm tools appeared in ancient China, which are now collectively referred to as agricultural machinery. Ancient agricultural machinery is an extension of the brainpower and physical strength of ancient people in China. Machine is a general term for machines and institutions. What did the ancients describe as the characteristics of machinery? Less effort, more work? The modern description of machinery is: it is a collection; Each part of it should realize unique and specific movements; It can realize energy conversion and convert driving energy into effective mechanical energy or other required forms. Among them, only those with the first two characteristics are called mechanisms and those with all three characteristics are called machines.

First, the classification of ancient agricultural machinery

At present, researchers divide agricultural machinery into seven categories. These seven types of machinery are soil finishing machinery, sowing machinery, intertillage weeding machinery, irrigation machinery, harvesting and threshing machinery, processing machinery and transportation machinery. According to agricultural production procedures and crop growth laws, this paper divides agricultural machinery into five categories, namely: land preparation machinery (thunder, hoe and plow), sowing machinery (rice ploughing), boosting machinery, harvesting machinery and processing machinery (water mill). Among them, the feeding machinery includes intertillage weeding machinery (hoes, hoes) and irrigation machinery (overturned cars, waterwheels), and the harvesting machinery includes harvesting threshing machinery (sickles, flails) and transportation machinery (carts).

Second, the stages of ancient agricultural machinery

China ancient machinery can be divided into four periods, three generations ago was the gestation period of ancient machinery. The third generation to the pre-Qin period is a period of rapid development; It matured from Qin and Han Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties. From Qin and Han Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was thousands of years ahead of the world and matured in Qin and Han Dynasties. The Song and Yuan Dynasties were the peak of the development of ancient machinery. From the Ming Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, it was a period of slow development. Agricultural machinery, as an important part of machinery history, also conforms to this development law.

III. Examples of Classical Mechanics

1. Odd car

Hockey belongs to seeding machinery. The cymbal consists of a cymbal body, a cymbal brush and a cymbal bucket. Plastic film mulching can complete three planting processes: ditching, planting and covering. In Niu Yi, one person can cultivate 667 hectares of land a day, which is very efficient. Today, more than 2000 years later, the functions and principles of modern seeders are similar. It's just that the materials and driving force used by modern machinery are more advanced than those used in ancient times.

2. Vertical windmill

The earliest known written record of using wind power in China was 3000 years ago. The appearance of windmills has a history of about 1700 years, especially after the 10 century, windmills have basically spread all over China. According to the angle between the main shaft and the ground, windmills can be divided into two types: horizontal shaft (the main shaft is parallel to the ground) and vertical shaft (the main shaft is vertical to the ground), and vertical shaft windmills are unique to China. It is mainly used in coastal areas and the Yangtze River basin. Mainly used for pumping water to make salt or irrigating farmland. Now it is often called vertical windmill together with the water lifting part, but this statement is not accurate enough. Vertical windmills are power devices like starters and internal combustion engines, and the part that lifts water should be accurately called rollover.